ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

WHAT IS THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT?

• Conflict between Israel and Arabs (mostly Muslim) over land in Palestine (many of the Arabs are referred to as Palestinians)

• Many Arabs/Palestinians are angry about the creation of Israel and seek to create their own nation (state) in the area

• some Arabs/Palestinians want the destruction of Israel, some are willing to accept the existence of Israel

ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT cont.

PALESTINE

• Term referring to the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River

• Jews consider it their homeland (Biblical Times)

• Zionism – Movement for the creation and support of a Jewish state/country (Israel)

• Palestinians who have been living there for many years also claim the land

ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT cont.• Balfour Declaration – In 1917 the British government declared

that it would support the creation of a Jewish state (country)

• 1947 – The land of Palestine is divided between Jews and Palestinians (Jewish population is happy, Palestinians and Arabs are furious, why?)

• Creation of Israel – in 1948 David Ben-Gurion became the first Prime Minister of the newly born country, Israel– On the next day Arab countries (Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Transjordan,

Egypt ) launched an attack on the new country, Israel won

ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT cont.• Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) – created in 1964

with the goals of eliminating Israel and creating a country for Palestinians (Yasser Arafat became the leader)

• 6 Days War – In 1967 Israel attacked Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (they feared an attack by Arab nations) Israel took:a. Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egyptb. Golan Heights from Syriac. West Bank from Jordan

ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT cont.

• Camp David Accords – In 1979 Egypt and Israel signed a treaty in which Egypt recognized (acknowledged) Israel’s right to exist and Israel gave back the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

MAP OF ISRAEL AFTER THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1949)

MAP OF ISRAEL AFTER THE 6-DAY WAR (1967)

ISRAEL TODAY

A/I CONFLICT

1. BALFOUR DECLARATION2. Hezbollah3. SIX DAYS WAR4. 1973 WAR (YOM KIPPUR WAR)5. ISRAELI WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE (1948)6. CAMP DAVID ACCORDS7. Gaza Strip8. Golan Heights9. West Bank10.Hamas11.Creation of PLO

Song/Poem (11)

Crossword

Puzzle2-4 Paragraph

Essay (11)

Pictorial Timeline(11)

11Question Multiple Choice

Quiz with an answer key

Other/Use your

imagination (11)

CrosswordPuzzleSONG/POEM

(11)

11 Question Multiple Choice

Quiz with an Answer Key

NATIONALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• European countries controlled much going on in first ½ of 20th century

• Many Arab people wanted to create their own, independent nations

• Nationalism video

• Egypt’s anthem

ARAB INDEPENDENCE• In the first 50 years of the 20th

century several countries gained independence from outsiders

• Pan-Arabism – movement aimed at building closer cultural and political ties among Arabs (grew strong during the 1940s)

• Arab League – formed in 1945 to unify the Arab World

GULF WAR

1. When was it?2. Who fought?3. Why was it fought?4. Who was the leader of our enemy?5. Who was our president?

PERSIAN GULF WAR

• In 1990 Iraq’s President, Saddam Hussein, sent Iraqi forces into the small country of Kuwait

– Hussein claimed that:1. Kuwait was really part of Iraq2. Kuwait was stealing oil3. Kuwait over-producing oil (driving

down the price)4. Kuwait was “unfair” in

demanding to be repaid money it lent to Iraq

– He was hoping to increase Iraqi power/influence

PERSIAN GULF WAR cont.

• Saudi Arabia asked the U.S. for help because they feared Iraq might attack them too

• The U.S., plus many other nations, including Arab nations, sent forces to Saudi Arabia

• Iraq crossed into Kuwait and the international force warned them to get out or else (Iraq didn’t leave)

• January, 1991 – U.S. bombs Baghdad, capital of Iraq

GEORGE H. BUSH

Norman Schwarzkopf

PERSIAN GULF WAR cont.

• Iraq launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel and set fire to oil fields in Kuwait

• Coalition forces moved into Kuwait and Iraq and defeated the Iraqi forces in less than 100 hours

• The war was over by March 1, 1991

RESULTS OF THE WAR

1. Coalition forces left Iraq

2. Hussein remained in power

3. Hussein crushed groups that used the war as a chance to rebel against him

4. Rebuilding stocks of chemical and biological weapons???

TERRORISM

Define terrorism in your own words.

TERRORISM

• the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes.

– Often target civilians and the goal is to spread FEAR/TERROR

Terrorist – person whose extremist views have led them to believe violence is justified

Cause – feel their cause is being neglected and/or ignored

Violence – believe that they have no other option left but violence to bring attention to their cause , which will lead to change

TERRORISM :WHO AND WHY?

T

C

V

Why have terrorists attacked America?

(BRAINSTORM AS MANY REASONS YOU CAN THINK OF)

1. OUR SUPPORT OF ISRAEL (think about the Arab/Israeli Conflict)

2. INVOLVEMENT IN PAST WARS (ex. First Gulf War)

3. TROOPS STATIONED IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES (currently have troops in Afghanistan and Iraq among many other places)

4. ECONOMIC POLICIES

5. SPREAD OF AMERICAN CULTURE IN THE ME

6. BELIEVE “WESTERN” CULTURE IS DESTROYING THEIR CULTURE

Fundamentalism

• a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles

9/11

9/11NYC

9/11Pentagon

9/11PA

9/11 Memorial Website

• The official 9/11 Memorial’s website has an amazingly well crafted timeline of the events of 9/11.

9/11 Timeline

9/11 Targets: WHY?

• NYC World Trade Center – Economics• Pentagon – Foreign Policy• Flight 93 – White House, Capitol Building??

Results of 9/11• U.S. invaded Afghanistan (2001-present)

• U.S. invaded Iraq (2003-2011)

• Al Qaeda has continued to launch smaller attacks around the world

• Al Qaeda’s ability to function has been greatly diminished

War in Afghanistan (2001-present)

• Following 9/11, it became clear that the Taliban had allowed al Qaeda to live and train in Afghanistan.

Who are the Taliban?

• Extreme Islamic Fundamentalists• Came to power in 1996• Imposed strict Islamic rule with harsh

punishment– EX: females could

not attend school

Islamic PoliceBeating a woman inKabul during Taliban rule

Osama bin Laden – leader of Al-Qaeda

• Born in Saudi Arabia• Stripped of his citizenship by

Saudi Arabia during the 1990s• Lived in Sudan until he was

kicked out in 1998• Then given safe haven by the

Taliban in Afghanistan– It was here that he (al Qaeda)

planned 9/11

U.S. vs. Taliban/al Qaeda

• 2001: U.S. invaded Afghanistan in order to destroy al Qaeda

• Taliban protected al Qaeda

• U.S. declared it would also remove the Taliban

War in Afghanistan• Today, the U.S.

continues to battle the Taliban

• Taliban continues to fight in Afghanistan, but is also hiding in Pakistan

• Osama bin Laden was killed in Pakistan (2011)

• 60 Minutes: Oct. 2011

60 Minutes – YouTube Links

• 60 Minutes: Combat in Afghanistan (Sep 2009)– http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZDonqtAf-8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• 60 Minutes: Running the War (Oct 2011)– http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xta2bM_npuE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• 60 Minutes: Killing bin Laden (2012)– http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMlfhlzs67E&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Following 9/11 . . .• President Bush pushed for

an invasion of Iraq• WHY?– WMDS? (Nukes, Bio, Chem)– Al Qaeda connection?

• Many other nations wanted more of an investigation before invading Iraq– U.S. invaded in March, 2003– Remember, we were already

in Afghanistan.

Iraq War (2003-2011)• Saddam Hussein was easily

defeated (2003) & later executed (2006)– No WMDs were found– No connection to al Qaeda was

found• Anti-American insurgency lasted

long after Hussein was executed• Fighting among different Iraqi

groups continues to this day• A (shaky) democratic government

does exist in Iraq• American troops left Iraq in 2011

Iraq War Timeline

• http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876

• Answer the provided questions about the War in Iraq (2003-2011) life. ANSWER COMPLETELY.

• THIS IS NOT HOMEWORK.• This will be collected and graded for accuracy.• It is worth 33 points. (3 points for each

question)

Arab Spring2010-present

Mohamed Bouazizi

• Time Magazine – Mohamed Bouazizi– http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2044723,00.html

• Guardian Timeline of Arab Spring– http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-p

rotest-interactive-timeline

Mohamed BouaziziTunisian Street Vendor

Why did this man set himself on fire?

What effect did it have on the Arab World?

Causes of the Arab Spring

• We will read a report on this subject together.• We will talk to the text together.• GOAL: Make a list of causes of the Arab Spring

• Link to Article:– http://fcohrdreport.readandcomment.com/the-ar

ab-spring/the-causes-of-the-arab-spring/

Arab Spring:Tunisia

• Government overthrown on Jan. 14, 2011.

• President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia exile.

• Transitional elections held on Oct. 23, 2011.

Arab Spring:Egypt

• Government overthrown on Feb. 11, 2011.

• President Hosni Mubarak stepped down.

• Faces charges of killing unarmed protesters.

• Elections held on Nov. 28, 2011.

Arab Spring:Libya

• Anti-government protests began on Feb. 15, 2011

• Became a Civil War:– opposition forces vs. Moammar

Gadhafi loyalists.– U.S. and others stepped in to

protect civilians.• Gadhafi’s government

overthrown on Aug. 23, 2011• Gadhafi was killed by transition

forces on Oct. 20.

Arab Spring:Yemen

• Ongoing protests since Feb. 3, 2011.

• President Ali Abdullah Saleh was injured in an attack.

• On Nov. 23, Saleh ended his 33-year reign.

• Saleh has disappeared from public eye.

Arab Spring:Syria

• Protests for political reforms have been ongoing since Jan. 26, 2011.

• Clashes continue between the Syrian army and protesters.

• Thousands have been killed.• Thousands have become

refugees.• President Bashar al-Assad: “I

will live and die in Syria.”• 11/13/12: France recognized

the opposition – Syrian National Council

Bashar al-AssadSyrian Dictator

Syrian Civil War (2011-present)

• Cities controlled by pro-Assad forces

• Cities controlled by anti-Assad forces

• Ongoing fighting/unclear situation

The Syrian Question

• Should the west get involved in this conflict?– Remember Libya?

• In considering this question, first think about the possible outcomes of the conflict.

Prompts

• In your notes, copy and answer the following questions while watching the video:– What observations can you make about the

rebel/opposition movement?– Why has the west been reluctant to send more

weapons/technology to Syrian rebels?– Why does the west worry about Islamic

Fundamentalist in Syria?

60 Minutes Prompts

• What observations can you make about the rebel/opposition movement?

• Why has the west been reluctant to send more weapons/technology to Syrian rebels?

• Why does the west worry about Islamic Fundamentalist in Syria?

60 Minutes: Aleppo

• 60 Minutes: Aleppo, Syria– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4CDQciS0kE

&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• Answer the prompts from the previous slide while watching the video.

• You will be expected to share.