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1/14

2001

2002

2001

2001

2000

2001

2002

1999

2001

1996

2000

1997

1999

2003

1999

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

UA

E

Kuwa

it

SaudiArabia

Lebano

n

Egypt

Oma

n

Syria

Yeme

n

Qatar

Bahrain

Jorda

n

Tunisia

Morocc

o

WestBankandGaza

Algeria

Note: Data include most recent estimates available for each country; rates in the

GCC countries are for nationals only.

Source: Compiled by World Bank staff from ILO and country sources.

Current unemployment rates in Arab economies

Unemployment (%)

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Egypt 2000 Jordan 2001 Morocco 2001 Yemen 1999 UAE 2000 Kuwait 1995

Sources: ILO 2003a; except for Kuw ait, Population Census 2001; for Jordan, AREUS 2001.

First-time job seekers as a proportion of total unemployed

Percent

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Figure 4.4. Distribution of the Unemployed by Level of Education (percent)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Bahrain Oman Jordan Egypt Morocco Tunisia Algeria Djibouti

None Primary Secondary Tertiary

Sources: ILO 2002; except for Bahrain, ILO 2003a; for Egypt ELMS, 1998; for Morocco, LSMS 1999.

Percent of total unemployed

Distribution of unemployed by level of education

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Female Labor Supply in Arab States, 1950-2020 (percent)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Participation rate (end of decade,left axis)

Gender parity labor force index

(end of decade, left axis)

Average annual labor force

growth (right axis)

Sources: ILO 1996; UN 2002.

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Unem ployme nt Rates by Gender in Arab Countries (pe rcent)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Algeria

2000

West

Bank and

Gaza

2001

Jordan

2000

Morocco

1999

Tunisia

1997

Bahrain

2001

Qatar

2002

Yemen

1999

Syria

2001

Egypt

2000

Lebanon

1997

Saudi

Arabia

1999

UAE

1999

Kuwait

2003

Female Male

Source: For Algeria, Jordan, Syria, Egypt, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, ILO 2003b; for Tunisia, INS 2001; for Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia , Kuw ait and

UAE, Girgis, Hadad-Zervose, and Coulibaly 2003; for Morocco, LSMS 1999; for Yemen, NPPS 1999.

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L a b o r Fo r c e G r o w t h in D e v e lo p i n g R e g i o n s , 1 9 7 0- 20 10 ( p e r c e n t )

0

0 .5

1

1 .5

2

2 .5

3

3 .5

4

4 .5

Eas t A s ia So u th A s ia L a tin A m e r ic a

and the

Car ibbean

S u b - S a h a r a n

A f r i c a

A rab coun t r ies

1 9 70 -1 9 80 1 9 80 -1 9 901 9 90 -2 0 00 2 0 00 -2 0 10

Note : A rab coun t r ies i nc lude members o f t he League o f A rab S ta tes ex cep t Comoros ,

Djibo ut i, Maur i tania, Somal ia, and Sud an.

Source : ILO 19 96

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Average Annual Growth in the Labor Force of Arab

Countries , 1970-2010 (percent)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Tunisia

Morocco

Egypt

Syria

Yemen

Jordan

1970-19901990-2010

Source: ILO 1996; UN 2002.

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GDP per Capita Growth in Developing Regions, 1970-2000

(percent)

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

East Asia &

Pacific

High income:

OECD

Latin America

& Caribbean

South Asia Sub-Saharan

Africa

Arab States

1970s 1980s 1990s

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GDP Per Capita Growth in the Arab World, 1970-2000

(percent)

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

Bahra

in

Jorda

n

Kuwa

itOm

an

Saud

iArab

ia

SyrianA

rabRep

ublic

Suda

n

Algeri

a

Egypt,

Arab

Rep

.

Moroc

co

Tunis

ia

1970s 1980s 1990s

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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

Percen

t

Egypt

Morocco

Workers Remittances as a Share of GDP

Egypt and Morocco, 1970-2000 (percent)

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Private Sector Contribution to GDP in Arab Countries (percent)

2000

19901

990

1995

1983

1985

2000

1990

1985

1993

200020

01

2000

1997

1999

1980

2002

1999

1997

20021

995

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Lebanon Egypt Morocco Jordan Palestine Syria Tunisia Yemen UAE Algeria Saudi

Arabia

Source: Assaf and Benhassine 2003.

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Arab Non-Oil Export Potential

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

A

lgeria

Egypt,Arab

Rep.

Leb

anon

SyrianArabRepublic

Arab9

Tu

nisia

SaudiA

rabia

Jordan

Mo

rocco

Iran,Islamic

Rep.

Colo

mbia

Argentina

Brazil

RussianFeder

ation

South

Africa

T

urkey

Guate

mala

P

oland

Bulgaria

ElSalvador

Mau

ritius

B

olivia

Chile

Jam

aica

Ecuador

SlovakRepublic

CzechRepublic

Costa

Rica

Korea,Rep.

M

exico

Hu

ngary

Tha

iland

Philippines

Malaysia

Note: Regression is based on 42 countries, but values for 8 low income countries, including Yemen, are not reported because of negative values. Arab9 =

Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Republic of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Tunisia.

High performing countries

Weak performing countries