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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I., by nony!ous

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Title( The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I. )o!!only )alled the rabian Nights* Entertain!ents

uthor( nony!ous

Editor( Ed"ard +tanley Poole

Illustrator( illia! -ar#ey

Translator( Ed"ard illia! 'ane

Other( +tanley 'ane&Poole

elease /ate( No#e!ber 0, 1232 4EBook 5061278

'anguage( English

)haracter set encoding( 9T:&;


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THE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS

COMMONLY CALLED THE

ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTSTRANSLATED FROM THE ARABIC, WITH COPIOUS NOTES, BY

EDWARD WILLIAM LANE

EDITED BY HIS NEPHEW EDWARD STANLEY POOLEFROM A COPY ANNOTATED BY THE TRANSLATOR WITH A PREFACE BY STANLEY LANE-POOLE AND

ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE DESIGNS OF WILLIAM HARVEY

A NEW IMPRESSION IN THREE VOLUMES

VOL. I

LONDONCHATTO & WINDUS

1912

LONDON:PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED.DU E STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W.

v


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ADVERTISEMENT.The !resent edition is an exact re!roduction of that edited by my father with my #reat uncle's fincorrections and !ublished by &r" *ohn &urray in +,-." /everal re!rints of that edition have testifithe continued !o!ularity of the work and the necessity for the !resent issue shows that an ac0uaiof nearly half a century has not yet wearied the !ublic of the standard translation of theThousand andOne Nights " The secret of &r" ane's success is to be found !artly in the instinctive sym!athy for ts!irit of the 1ast which enabled him faithfully to re!roduce the characteristic tone of the ori#inal !artly in the rich store of illustrations of oriental life and thou#ht contained in his Notes" $n the chea! versions based u!on 2alland's 3rench !ara!hrase the 1astern tone and local colour is wholwantin#4 and the !eculiarities of life and manners which contrast so markedly with those of theare left unnoted and unex!lained" /uch versions may serve in an inade0uate de#ree to make the6rabian Ni#hts known to those who care only for the bare stories4 but educated readers who areca!able of somethin# more than the mere en7oyment of the romance and desire to understand thcharacter and habits of the actors and the s!ectators find in &r" ane's translation and in his onlycom!lete satisfaction of their want" $t is not merely a scholar's edition thou#h no oriental studeafford to be without it4 but beyond this narrow circle it has ever a!!ealed to the wide audience thcares to know the famous books of the world in their most !erfect and faithful reflections"viThe actual moment is an o!!ortune one for the rea!!earance of the work" 1#y!t 7ust now holds aforemost !lace in the eyes of the world and it is of 1#y!t that theThousand and One Nights have mostto tell" $ndian or 8ersian as many of the tales are in their ori#in their settin# is almost !urely 1#and thou#h the !lace may be nominally 9a#hdad or $ndia or even furthest China it is in medi vCairo in the days of the &emlooks that the scene of the 6rabian Ni#hts is really laid" The !eo!ledescribed are not %indoos or Chinese but 6rabs and 1#y!tians as they lived and moved in the ficentury when some of the beautiful mos0ues and tombs that still make Cairo the deli#ht of artiwere bein# built and the devastatin# hand of the ;ttoman Turk had not yet been laid on the land8haraohs" 3or a minute !icture of 6rabian society as it was in the &iddle 6#es theThousand and One

Nights have no rival and it is &r" ane's a!!reciation of this !icture and the wealth of illustrationlavished u!on it in his Notes that render his edition the most com!lete commentary we !ossess o&uslim life and manners reli#ion and literature and make it an indis!ensable su!!lement to hisfamous Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians " The !oetry of 1astern life isra!idly fadin# away under the effacin# touch of 1uro!ean civilisation4 the characteristic society which an %aroon 1r t 9ey revelled and 7eand con0uered is fast becomin# matter of history rather than of ex!erience a field for the anti0u


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instead of the traveller4 and it is well that we can reconstruct it in the !a#es of theThousand and One Nights whose com!iler saw it when it was still almost in its 2olden 8rime and in the Modern Egyptians whose author knew it when it still !reserved the romantic character which has charmefascinated readers of every a#e and condition"/tanley ane 8oole"

The ?ay of Tell el =ebeer +,,@"

vii

THE EDITOR'S PREFACE.6 new edition of this work havin# been re0uired &r" ane was re0uested to undertake the correcthe !ress" 9ut severe literary labours allowin# him no leisure for this ob7ect he named me as hiin the study of 6rabic familiar with his writin#s and for many years resident with him in Cairoin some measure his !lace" $ have undertaken this duty with #reat diffidence from a sense of mdeficiencies and his extensive knowled#e4 but $ have felt that $ could at least insure the correctthe text and a scru!ulous adherence to his wishes" The !resent edition is !rinted without anyvariations of my own (exce!t those which are marked as such and have been submitted to &r" from a co!y of the first and com!lete edition viii with corrections and additions made by &r" an


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BConvinced of the truth of this assertion $ consider myself !ossessed of the chief 0ualifications !ro!er accom!lishment of my !resent undertakin# from my havin# lived several years in Cairoassociatin# almost exclusively with 6rabs s!eakin# their lan#ua#e conformin# to their #eneral hwith the most scru!ulous exactitude and received into their society on terms of !erfect e0uality"the downfall of the 6rab 1m!ire of 9a#hdDd Cairo has been the chief of 6rabian cities: its &eml/ulEDns introduced into 1#y!t in their youth naturally ado!ted to a #reat de#ree the manners o

native inhabitants which the ';smDnlee Turks in later days have but little altered" Cairo is the ciwhich 6rabian manners now exist in the most refined state4 and such $ believe to have been thewhen the !resent work was com!osed"B&r" ane's first two visits to 1#y!t were made when for the last time 6rab manners and customs they existed in the a#e of the 6rabian Ni#hts could be studied4 and his translation was written vshortly after his second return to 1n#land" Thou#h some of the tales maybe $ndian or 8ersian inin their !resent state they exhibit a !icture of the manners modes of thou#ht and lan#ua#e of thand times of the &emlook /ulEDns of 1#y!t which nearly resembled in these !oints those of the=haleefehs of 9a#hdDd or the #reat 6rab 1m!ire" ?e /acy and Fon %ammer the two celebratedorientalists who differed widely in o!inion as to the ori#in of the book a#reed that the tales in wthe =haleefeh %Droon 1r


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text of the Cairo edition"@ To the !ieces of !oetry which are inters!ersed throu#hout the work he has !aid es!ecial attention4 not only correctin# the errors which he found in them but also always athe vowel !oints and #enerally commentaries or ex!lanations" Thus $ have shewn that $ am ver#reatly indebted to him for his learned labours" $ should however add that $ have ventured to from him in inter!retin# a few words4 havin# found more a!!ro!riate meanin#s assi#ned to them6rabs in !arts not visited by him or such meanin#s #iven in !rinted dictionaries with which he is

unac0uainted4 and $ have also corrected a few errors which have esca!ed his notice"L 5ithout thevaluable xiiiaid which he has afforded me $ would not have attem!ted the translation4 nor withwould $ have done so were it not for the advanta#e that $ derive from my havin# lived amon# 6 No translator can always be certain that from twenty or more si#nifications which are borne by6rabic word he has selected that which his author intended to convey4 but circumstanced as $ have the satisfaction of feelin# confident that $ have never #iven to a word or !hrase in this wormeanin# which is inconsistent with its !resentin# faithful !ictures of 6rab life and manners"B$ have thou#ht it ri#ht to omit such tales anecdotes Mc" as are com!aratively uninterestin# oaccount ob7ectionable" $n other words $ insert nothin# that $ deem #reatly inferior in interest tin the old version" Certain !assa#es which in the ori#inal work are of an ob7ectionable nature sli#htly varied4 but in doin# this $ have been !articularly careful to render them so as to be !erfa#reeable with 6rab manners and customs" $t was ori#inally my intention to omit almost the whthe !oetry thinkin# that the loss of measure and rhyme and the im!ossibility of !reservin# theexam!les of !aronomasia and some other fi#ures with which they abound would render translatthem #enerally intolerable to the reader: but afterwards $ reflected that the character of the work be thus #reatly altered4 and its value as illustratin# 6rab manners and feelin#s much diminishetherefore determined to !reserve a considerable number of select !ieces chosen either for their rmerits or because re0uired by the context" The number of those com!rised in the first volume oftranslation is nearly half of the number contained in the corres!ondin# !ortion of the ori#inal woin several cases $ have omitted one or more verses of a !iece as unsuitable or for some other reaand in a few instances $ have #iven only the first verse or the first cou!let" These !ieces of !oetrnot in #eneral to be re#arded as the com!ositions of the author or authors of the work: theyxiv a

to be mostly borrowed from others and many of them are taken from the works of celebrated !oTo avoid the tedious interru!tions which occur in the ori#inal at the close of each Ni#ht $ have the translation into cha!ters each of which consists of one tale or of two or more tales connectewith another and have merely mentioned the Ni#ht with which each cha!ter commences and thwhich it terminates"BThe ori#inal work bein# desi#ned solely for the entertainment of 6rabs $ add co!ious notes to translation to render it more intelli#ible and a#reeable to the 1n#lish reader" These are entirely own exce!t in those cases when $ have stated otherwise4 and my #eneral ob7ect in them has been to#ive such illustrations as may satisfy the #eneral reader without obli#in# him to consult other wmany of them $ endeavour to shew by extracts from esteemed 6rabic histories and scientific anwritin#s chiefly drawn from &//" in my !ossession as well as by assertions and anecdotes that $heard and conduct that $ have witnessed durin# my intercourse with 6rabs that the most extravrelations in this work are not in #eneral re#arded even by the educated classes of that !eo!le as incredible nature" This is a !oint which $ deem of much im!ortance to set the work in its !ro!er l before my countrymen" $ have resided in a land where #enii are still firmly believed to obey thesummons of the ma#ician or the owner of a talisman and to act in occurrences of every day4 anlistened to stories of their deeds related as facts by !ersons of the hi#hest res!ectability and by swho would not condescend to read the tales of 'The Thousand and ;ne Ni#hts ' merely because tfictions and not written in the usual !olished style of literary com!ositions"B
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$ have already mentioned that the literary history of BThe Thousand and ;ne Ni#htsB is discuss&r" ane's


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es!ecially in the &emlook court that we must look to find the !eo!le the manners and the habitthou#ht of BThe 6rabian Ni#hts4B while the style of the lan#ua#e in which they are written is twhich we mi#ht ex!ect from an 1#y!tian of those times who unskilled in the classical 6rabic yendeavourin# to imitate it was doubtless more #enerally intelli#ible then than he is now to the m1#y!tians" This assum!tion of the old lan#ua#e $ may remark is and always has been characteof all learned 6rabs be they 1#y!tians or natives of other 6rabian countries (for such 1#y!t truly

but no other instance exists of a work of fiction in which the attem!t fails so sin#ularly in affecticlassical or retainin# the modern ton#ue4 while all other 6rabictales are certainly com!osed in eitherthe one or the other" The modern 1#y!tian romances are mostly written in the collo0uial dialect every day life4 but those which are of older date are notmodernized as some have su!!osed a#ainst allreason BThe Thousand and ;ne Ni#htsB to be: such an alteration would be without a !arallel in literature as &r" ane !roves in the


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usa#e is not alto#ether accordant with their o!inion" 6lmost every author $ believe now writes or '=urDn ' and '8asha ' or '8acha ' for our dictionary words '6lcoran' and '9ashaw4' and most of oauthors on 6rabian %istory of late have written '=halif' for 'Cali!h"' $n a work relatin# to a !eo! !ronounce the 6rabic w as v $ should write 'FeOeer' for the 6rabic word '5eOeer4' but to do so wsub7ect is 6rabian $ consider inex!edient: and in this o!inion $ am u!held by a #reat ma7ority oliterary and other friends whom $ have consulted on the sub7ect in the !ro!ortion of five to one

add that ?r" *ohnson has written in his ?ictionary 'FiOier [!ro!erlyWazir 4' and if we ex!ress the6rabic vowels by their Italian e0uivalents itis !ro!erly '5aO r' or '5eO r"' The system which $ hereem!loy re0uires but little ex!lanation4 the #eneral reader may be directed to !ronouncea as in our word 'be##ar:'U V as in 'there:'D as in 'father:'W ee as in 'bee:'e as in 'bed:' ei as our word 'eye:'xxey as in 'they:' oo as in 'boot:'i as in 'bid:' ow as in 'down:'o as in 'obey' (short): andX as in 'bone:' u as in 'bull"'The letter y is to be !ronounced as in 'you' and 'lawyer:' never as in 'by"'6n apostrophe when immediately !recedin# or followin# a vowel $ em!loy to denote the !lace oletter which has no e0uivalent in our al!habet4 it has a #uttural sound like that which is heard in bleatin# of shee!: Q (with a dot beneath) re!resents the same sound at the end of a syllable whemore forcibly !ronounced"1ach of the consonants distin#uished by a dot beneath has a !eculiarly hard sound"%avin# avoided as much as !ossible makin# use of accents $ must re0uest the reader to bear in that a sin#le vowel when not marked with an accent is always short4 and that a double vowel odi!hthon# at the end of a word when not so marked is not accented ('5elee ' for instance bein#

!ronounced '5Y'lee'): also that the acute accent does not always denote the !rinci!al or only em!('%Droon' bein# !ronounced '%DroXn')4 that a vowel with a #rave accent (only occurrin# at theword) is not em!hasiOed thou#h it is lon#4 and that dh #h kh sh and th when not divided byhy!hen re!resent each a sin#le 6rabic letter"B,$ have only to add one more extract from &r" ane's 8reface"B&any of the en#ravin#s which are so numerously inters!ersed in this work will considerably aex!lain both the Text and xxithe Notes4 and to insure their accuracy to the utmost of my abilitysu!!lied the artist with modern dresses and with other re0uisite materials" Thus he has been enamake his desi#ns a#ree more nearly with the costumes Mc" of the times which the tales #eneralillustrate than they would if he trusted alone to the im!erfect descri!tions which $ have found in works". 1xce!t in a few cases when $ had #iven him such directions as $ deemed necessary hisori#inal desi#ns have been submitted to me4 and in su##estin# any corrections $ have as much !ossible avoided fetterin# his ima#ination which needs no eulo#y from me" %e has ac0uired a notion of 6rabian architecture from the #reat work of &ur!hy on the 6rabian remains in /!ain anfrom the s!lendid and accurate work on the 6lhambra by &essrs" 2oury and *ones4 and throu#hkindness of my friend &r" %ay of in!lum he has been allowed to make a similar use of a veryaccurate and very beautiful collection of drawin#s of a #reat number of the finest s!ecimens of 6architecture in and around Cairo executed by &" 8ascal Coste and now the !ro!erty of &r" %ay+Z %ehas also consulted a number of ;riental drawin#s and various other sources" &y acknowled#meother !ersons $ have ex!ressed in several of the Notes"
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BThe !ortion which is com!rised in the first volume of this translation terminates with !art of thhundred and thirty seventh Ni#ht: it is therefore necessary to remark first that there is less to omthe early !art of the ori#inal work than in the later: secondly that the Nights in the early !art arexxii#enerally muchlonger than in the subse0uent !ortion4 the first hundred Ni#hts (without the$ntroduction) com!risin# @+L !a#es in the Cairo edition of the ori#inal work4 the second hundr !a#es4 the third +ZW4 the fourth +ZU4 the fifth . :++ thirdly that a similar observation a!!lies to the

Notes which are inserted in my translation4 those a!!ended to the early tales bein# necessarily mmore co!ious than the others"B

+ Two other !rinted editions were also used by &r" ane that of the first two hundred Ni#hts !rinat Calcutta and in conse0uence of the loss by shi!wreck of nearly the whole im!ression of the fvolume never com!leted4 and that of 9reslau" The former differs much in matter and manner fany other known co!y4 the latter which was edited to the close of the seven hundred and third n8rofessor %abicht and com!leted by 8rofessor 3leischer is far inferior to all the others" ;ne otheedition has a!!eared in the 6rabic that of Calcutta or Bthe Calcutta edition of the com!lete workwas brou#ht from Cairo and is a!!arently (thou#h not immediately) from the same ori#inal as th

9oolDJ edition" $ have continually referred to it for various readin#s without findin# any one oim!ortance" 6nd here $ must animadvert on the !ractice of 2erman orientalists of wastin# their otime and their readers' !atience in collectin# such various readin#s of a work like BThe Thousan;ne Ni#htsB as must necessarily be the result of the carelessness or the i#norance of co!yists andreciters" The habit is unfortunately ado!ted by some 1n#lishmen who seem to ima#ine that all t2erman is therefore learned" 1d"@ B$ must here state that !eculiar 0ualifications are re0uired to enable a !erson to 7ud#e of the fof my translation" The ori#inal work contains many words not com!rised in any !rinted dictionaa #reat number of words used in senses which no such dictionary #ives: in cases of both these kam #uided either by the ex!lanations of the sheykh &oGammad '1iyDd or by my havin# been lothe habit of notin# down new words durin# conversation with 6rabs and in the !erusal of works

which they are ex!lained"BL B6s $ ho!e that the co!y which he has rendered so valuable may be of #reat utility to many stuof the 6rabic lan#ua#e when $ have ceased to !rofit by it $ may mention here that the few correand some ex!lanations which $ have inserted u!on the mar#ins of !a#es will be easily distin#uisfrom those of the sheykh &oGammad '1iyDd by the difference of our handwritin#s"B B5hen $ mention 'my sheykh' in the notes the sheykh &oGammad '1iyDd is the !erson to who

allude" $n several instances when he has #iven brief ex!lanations of words !hrases customs Mwhich $ was !reviously ac0uainted $ have not thou#ht it necessary to name him as my authoritynotes which $ have inserted thou#h $ have sometimes done so"B- B1n#lish writers #enerally ex!ress the 6rabic vowels and di!hthon#s by their nearest Italian e0uivalents" This mode is very well suited for those who know and for those who do not care fcorrect !ronunciation of the words so transcribed4 but for others $ think it ob7ectionable" ;ur lanis alto#ether much more suitable to the !ur!ose of ex!ressin# the sounds of 6rabic than the $talia9esides $ believe it is the custom of every other 1uro!ean nation in transcribin# ;riental words em!loy a system con#enial with its own lan#ua#e" $n a former work $ made use of a double h tex!ress a very stron# 6rabic as!irate (as others had done before me) and the word '%hD##' or '%was !ointed out by a critic as one remarkably uncouth: Fon %ammer in a review of that work wthe same word (and very !ro!erly as a 2erman writer) '%adschdsch"'B
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U B/trictly s!eakin# it has a sound between that of a in 'bad' and that of u in 'bud4' sometimesa!!roximatin# more to the former4 and sometimes to the latter"BW B$ts sound however often a!!roximates to that of a in 'ball"'B, B?h is !ronounced as th in 'that:' #h re!resents a #uttural sound like that !roduced in #ar#lin#: kre!resents a #uttural sound like that which is !roduced in ex!ellin# saliva from the throat anda!!roachin# nearer to the sound of G (a very stron# as!irate) than to that of k: sh is !ronounced a'shall:' and th as in 'thin"'B. B1s /uyooEee in his ' osn el &oGD\arah ' after 0uotin# a descri!tion of certain dresses says '6their dresses of honour and those of the 5eOeers and others of similar rank $ have struck out thdescri!tion of them from the words of $bn 3a\l 6llah4 for they are com!osed of silk and #old whforbidden by the law and $ have obli#ed myself not to mention in this book any thin# of which be 0uestioned in the world to come if it be the will of 2od"' $ have never seen any 6rabic work drawin#s of costumes4 but 8ersian drawin#s are often useful in ex!lainin# 6rab dresses"B+Z These drawin#s with some few exce!tions have now been !ublished from co!ies in the !osseof &" Coste"

++ BThe substance of the first five cha!ters in my translation endin# with !art of the thirty secon Ni#ht occu!ies a hundred and sixty ei#ht Ni#hts in the edition of 9reslau"Bxxiii
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CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.


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8621

$ntroduction +

Notes +-

C%68T1< $"/tory of the &erchant and the *innee L,

/tory of the 3irst /heykh and the 2aOelle @

/tory of the /econd /heykh and the two 9lack %ounds U

/tory of the Third /heykh and the &ule -Z

Notes-L

C%68T1< $$"/tory of the 3isherman U.

/tory of =in# SoonDn and the /a#e ?oobDn W-

/tory of the %usband and the 8arrot W.

/tory of the 1nvious 5eOeer and the 8rince and the 2hooleh ,+

Continuation of the /tory of =in# SoonDn and the /a#e ?oobDn ,L

Continuation of the /tory of the 3isherman ,U

/tory of the Soun# =in# of the 9lack $slands .

Notes +Z

C%68T1< $$$"

/tory of the 8orter and the adies of 9a#hdDd and of the Three


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Continuation of the /tory of the /econd


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The 9arber's /tory of his /ixth 9rother LU.

Conclusion of the /tory told by the Tailor LW

Conclusion of the /tory of the %um!back LW

Notes LWW

C%68T1< F$"/tory of Noor ed ?een and 1nees el *elees L.Z

Notes LZ

C%68T1< F$$"xxv/tory of 2hDnim the /on of 1iyoob the ?istracted /lave of ove LU

/tory of the /lave =Dfoor Z

Continuation of the /tory of 2hDnim -

Notes UL

C%68T1< F$$$"

/tory of TD7 el &ulook and the ady ?uny] U./tory of '6OeeO and '6OeeOeh ,Z

Continuation of the /tory of TD7 el &ulook and the ady ?uny] -+@

Notes -
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18/487

xxvi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME I.

1n#raver's Names 8a#e


19/487

;rnamental Title" 6t the foot is the Title in 6rabic *ackson"

%ead !iece to 8reface" The Fase is formed of the 6rabic words si#nifyin# B$nthe name of 2od the Com!assionate the &ercifulB (always !laced at the head of a &uslim work) written doubly and contrarily &ary Clint vii

Tail !iece to 8reface andells xxii

%ead !iece to Table of Contents andells xxiii

Tail !iece to Table of Contents 5illiamson xxv

%ead !iece to ist of $llustrations andells xxvi

/hahriyDr #oin# out to hunt and ;rnamental 9order *ackson +

The 5eOeer !resentin# the letter to /hDh êmDn ;" /mith L

/hDh êmDn after havin# killed his 5ife ;" /mith

&eetin# of /hahriyDr and /hDh êmDn ;" /mith -

/hahriyDr's return from the Chase 2ray U

2arden of /hahriyDr's 8alace Thom!son W

'1freet and ady T" 5illiams ,

xxviiThe 5eOeer and his two ?au#hters ;" /mith ++

The 6ss at 8lou#h andells +@

The ?o# and the Cock andells +L

/hahriyDr unveilin# /hahraODd Thom!son +

%ead !iece to Notes to $ntroduction" The 6rabic inscri!tion is the sub7ect of thefirst !ara#ra!h of the first Note andells +-

Tail !iece to Notes to $ntroduction" &ornin# andells LW

%ead !iece to Cha!ter $" /hahraODd narratin# her /tories &iss 5illiams L,

&erchant and *innee /" 5illiams L.
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20/487

&eetin# of the &erchant and the /heykh with the 2aOelle ;" /mith +


21/487

The 3isherman shewin# the 3ish to the /ulEDn Thom!son ,.

The Cook maid dressin# the 3ish =irchner .Z

The 9lack 8alace andells .@

The /ulEDn discoverin# the Soun# =in# of the 9lack $slands ;rrin /mith .

The Soun# =in# on his 9ed attended by Two &aids T" 5illiams .-

The 9lack /lave wounded by the Soun# =in# 2ray .W

The Pubbeh or Tomb &iss 5illiams +ZZ

The /ulEDn killin# the 1nchantress /" 5illiams +Z+

Tail !iece to Cha!ter $$" The *ourney home andells +ZL

%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter $$" The 3isherman and the dead 6ss andells +Z

%ead !iece to Cha!ter $$$" The 8orter Mc" The &otto is the $nscri!tion u!onthe ?oor in =oofee Characters &ason*ackson +@Z

The 8orter !leadin# with the Three adies /mith +@L

The 8orter and adies carousin#T" 5illiams +@

The Three


22/487

/econd 8rince ascendin# the /te!s andells + -

/econd 8rince carried off by the '1freet Thom!son + U

/econd 8rince be##in# his life of the '1freet Thom!son + ,

The 1nvied /heykh and the *inn in the 5ell T" 5illiams +-Z

/econd 8rince transformed into an 6!e /" 5illiams +-@

The 6!e reco#nised by the 8rincess 2ray +--

The Combat with the ion (%ead !iece) /" 5illiams*un" +-U

Transformations 5ri#ht M3olkard +-U

?itto 5ri#ht M3olkard +-W

?isenchantment of the 6!e /mith +-,

The &ountain of oadstone 5him!er +U@

The 8rince thrown ashore &" *ackson +UL

?eath of the South in the Cave 2reen +UU

2arden &" *ackson +W+

3irst ady reco#nisin# her /isters 2reen +W

The 8rince in the ;ratory /mith +WW

3irst ady after killin# the /er!ent andells +,Z

9DODr or &arket /treet &" *ackson +,

;ld 5oman intercedin# for the /econd ady Thom!son +,U

8alace 2reen +,.

%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter $$$" The 8orter *" *ackson +.Z
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23/487

8ersian %ar!s andells @Z-

Tail !iece to Notes to Cha!ter $$$" T" 5illiams @@+

%ead !iece to Cha!ter $F" 3isherman drawin# his Nets Thom!son @@@

The Soun# &an !resentin# the 6!!les to his 5ife 3" 9ranston @@U

The 5eOeer findin# the 6!!le 2reen @@.

The 8yramids *" *ackson @L@

The &ule of Noor ed ?een andells @LL

Noor ed ?een after the 9ath &" *ackson @L-

The ;ld 5eOeer instructin# his 2randchild Thom!son @L,

Noor ed ?een and his /on inton @ +

9edr ed ?een at his 3ather's Tomb *" *ackson @ L

The '1freet attended by the *inneeyeh carryin# off 9edr ed ?een Thom!son @ -

Transformations 5ri#ht M3olkard @ ,

?itto 5ri#ht M3olkard @ .

9edr ed ?een and his 9ride 5ri#ht M3olkard @ .

2ate of ?amascus &" *ackson @-+

The 5eOeer /hems ed ?een recoverin# from a /woon /lader @--

The /chool 2ray @-W

?amascus /mith @UZ

The 5idow of Noor ed ?een kissin# the feet of his 9rother T" 5illiams @UL

9edr ed ?een waitin# u!on his /on and the 1unuch 2reen @U-

9edr ed ?een bound /mith @UW
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24/487

9edr ed ?een's !er!lexity *" *ackson @WZ

%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter $F" The ;ld 3isherman &iss 5illiams @WL

Tail !iece to Notes to Cha!ter $F" 5ri#ht M3olkard @.Z

xxix%ead !iece to Cha!ter F" The %um!back Mc" T" 5illiams @.+

The %um!back ?ead 5ri#ht M3olkard @.U

9Db en NaHr (from a /ketch by &r" 1"5" ane) Mc" *" *ackson @.W

&oney Chan#er and /crivener Mc" 5ri#ht M3olkard LZZ

/aloon Thom!son LZL

$nterior of 9Db ^uweyleh (from a /ketch by &" Coste) andells LZU

%ead !iece to the /tory told by the /ulEDn's /teward andells L+Z

6rrival of the ady on the &ule &" *ackson L+L

&os0ue on the 9ank of the Ti#ris *" *ackson L+-

?is!layin# of the 9ride Thom!son L+W

8ortrait of the *ew /lader L+.

%ead !iece to the /tory told by the *ewish 8hysician /mith L@Z

6le!!o /mith L@@

The 6rrest 2ray L@-

The ady confessin# her Crime 2ray L@W

%ead !iece to the /tory told by the Tailor /mith L@,

Soun# &an sittin# on a &aHEabah /mith LLZ

The 9arber and the Soun# &an andells LL@

The 9arber and /ervants with ?ishes andells LLU
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The 9arber rendin# his Clothes *" *ackson LL.

8ortrait of the 9arber Fasey L +

%ead !iece to the 9arber's /tory of %imself *" *ackson L @

%ead !iece to the 9arber's /tory of his 3irst 9rother" The &otto B%owdifferent is to ni#ht from yesterday B andells L

Tail !iece to the same 5illiamson L W

%ead !iece to the 9arber's /tory of his /econd 9rother T" 5illiams L ,

%ead !iece to the 9arber's /tory of his Third 9rother /" 5illiams L-+

Tail !iece to the same*ennin#s L-

%ead !iece to the 9arber's /tory of his 3ourth 9rother *ackson L--

Tail !iece to the same 2ray L-,

%ead !iece to the 9arber's /tory of his 3ifth 9rother" The &otto BThe emulousdesire of increase em!loyeth you until ye visit the #raves"B (Pur Dn ch" cii" vv" +and @") *ackson L-.

The


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%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F" andells LWW

Tail !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F" Fasey L,.

%ead !iece to Cha!ter F$" /mith L.Z

Noor ed ?een embracin# the /lave Thom!son L.

The 3uneral of the 5eOeer 1l 3a\l 5ri#ht M3olkard L.W

The 5eOeer 1l &o'een in the /lave &arket *" *ackson Z@

1l &o'een in his 6basement &iss %"Clarke Z

The ane leadin# to BThe 2arden of ?eli#htB 2reen Z,

9ower in BThe 2arden of ?eli#htB T" 5illiams +Z

xxx1nees el *elees offerin# the 5ine 5ri#ht M3olkard +@

The =haleefeh and the 5eOeer in the Tree /" 5illiams +-

=ereem the 3isherman *ennin#s +,

1nees el *elees !layin# on the ute /" 5illiams @+

1nees el *elees and the =haleefeh and *aQfar /lader @W

Tail !iece to Cha!ter F$" 9astin @.

%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F$" andells LZ

Tail !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F$" 9ranston L-

%ead !iece to Cha!ter F$$" andells LU

2hDnim in the 8alm tree /mith L.

The &erchant meetin# his 3amily *ackson L

Poot el Puloob awakin# 2ray U
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8retended Tomb of Poot el Puloob 5illiamson -+

2hDnim sick in a &os0ue &" *ackson --

2hDnim's &other and /ister as 9e##ars 5ri#ht M3olkard -.

Tail !iece to Cha!ter F$$" andells U@

%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F$$" ?amascus andells UL

Tail !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F$$" The ?ecision &" *ackson U,

%ead !iece to Cha!ter F$$$" /uleymDn /hDh and his 5eOeer *" *ackson U.

^ahr /hDh on his Throne Fasey WL

The Troo!s of /uleymDn /hDh meetin# his 9ride 5ri#ht M3olkard W-

TD7 el &ulook huntin# 2reen WW

?escent of the %andkerchief /" 5illiams ,@

'6OeeO and '6OeeOeh /lader ,-

The &aJ'ad ;" /mith .Z

'6OeeO returned with the =nife and ?irhem andells .-

'6OeeOeh wee!in# over the ?esi#n of the 2aOelles /lader .W

'6OeeOeh dead andells ..

'6OeeO and his &istress at the 2rave of '6OeeOeh 5illiamson -Z@

The future 5ife of '6OeeO *ennin#s -Z-

The 8unishment of '6OeeO 2ray -Z,

The ady ?uny] Thom!son -+@

%alt on the *ourney 5him!er -+

TD7 el &ulook receivin# the ;ld 5oman Fasey -+.
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The ady ?uny] writin# %arriet Clarke-@L

The ady ?uny] untwistin# the ;ld 5oman's %air T" 5illiams -@U

The ;ld 5oman beaten by 3emale /laves /" 5illiams -@,

$llustrations of the /trata#em in the ady ?unyD's 2arden andells -L@

TD7 el &ulook and the ady ?uny] andells -L-

/cene on the 6rrival of the Troo!s of /uleymDn /hDh 5him!er -L,

The %orses sent to /uleymDn /hDh 2ray - +

Tail !iece to Cha!ter F$$$" 5ri#ht M3olkard - L

%ead !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F$$$" andells -

Tail !iece to Notes to Cha!ter F$$$" 2reen ---

+
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$NT


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8raise be to 2od the 9eneficent =in# the Creator of the universe who hath raised the heavens w !illars and s!read out the earth as a bed4@ and blessin# and !eace be on the lord of a!ostles our lordand our master &oGammad and his 3amily4 blessin# and !eace endurin# and constant unto th 7ud#ment"To !roceed: The lives of former #enerations are a lesson to !osterity4 that a man may review theremarkable events@ which have ha!!ened to others and be admonished4 and may consider the of !eo!le of !recedin# a#es and of all that hath befallen them and be restrained" 1xtolled be the !erfection of %im who hath thus ordained the history of former #enerations to be a lesson to thowhich follow" /uch are the Tales of a Thousand and ;ne Ni#hts with their romantic stories and thfables"$t is related (but 2od alone is all knowin#L as well as all wise and almi#hty and all bountiful ) thatthere was in ancient times a =in# of the countries of $ndia and China !ossessin# numerous troo!sand #uards and servants and domestic de!endents: and he had two sons4 one of whom was a mmature a#e4 and the other a youth" 9oth of these !rinces were brave horsemen4 but es!ecially thwho inherited the kin#dom of his father4 and #overned his sub7ects with such 7ustice that the iof his country and whole em!ire loved him" %e was called =in# /hahriyDr:- his youn#er brother wasnamed /hDh ^emDnU and was =in# of /amarJand"W The administration of their #overnments wasconducted with rectitude each of them rulin# over his sub7ects with 7ustice durin# a !eriod of tyears with the utmost en7oyment and ha!!iness" 6fter this !eriod the elder =in# felt a stron# dessee his brother and ordered his 5eOeer , to re!air to him and brin# him"
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%avin# taken the advice of the 5eOeer on this sub7ect. he immediately #ave orders to !re!arehandsome !resents such as horses adorned with #old and costly 7ewels and memlooks and beavir#ins and ex!ensive stuffs"+Z %e then wrote a letter to his brother ex!ressive of his #reat desire tsee him4++ and havin# sealed it and #iven it to the 5eOeer to#ether with the !resents abovementioned he ordered the minister to strain his nerves and tuck u! his skirts and use all ex!editreturnin#" The 5eOeer answered without delay $ hear and obey4 and forthwith !re!ared for the

7ourney: he !acked his ba##a#e removed the burdens and made ready all his !rovisions within days4 and on the fourth day he took leave of the =in# /hahriyDr and went forth towards the deswastes" %e !roceeded ni#ht and day4 and each of the kin#s under the authority of =in# /hahriyDwhose residence he !assed came forth to meet him+@ with costly !resents and #ifts of #old and silverand entertained him three days4+L after which on the fourth day he accom!anied him one day's 7ourney and took leave of him" Thus he continued on his way until he drew near to the city of/amarJand when he sent forward a messen#er to inform =in# /hDh êmDn ofL his a!!roach" Thmessen#er entered the city in0uired the way to the !alace and introducin# himself to the =in# the #round before him+ and ac0uainted him with the a!!roach of his brother's 5eOeer4 u!on whic/hDh êmDn ordered the chief officers of his court and the #reat men of his kin#dom to #o fortday's 7ourney to meet him4 and they did so4 and when they met him they welcomed him and w by his stirru!s until they returned to the city" The 5eOeer then !resented himself before the =in# êmDn #reeted him with a !rayer for the divine assistance in his favour kissed the #round befoand informed him of his brother's desire to see him4 after which he handed to him the letter" Thtook it read it and understood its contents4+- and answered by ex!ressin# his readiness to obey thecommands of his brother" 9ut said he (addressin# the 5eOeer) $ will not #o until $ have entertathee three days" 6ccordin#ly he lod#ed him in a !alace befittin# his rank accommodated his trotents and a!!ointed them all thin#s re0uisite in the way of food and drink: and so they remaineddays" ;n the fourth day he e0ui!!ed himself for the 7ourney made ready his ba##a#e and colleto#ether costly !resents suitable to his brother's di#nity"These !re!arations bein# com!leted he sent forth his tents and camels and mules and servants an#uards a!!ointed his 5eOeer to be #overnor of the country durin# his absence and set out towar

brother's dominions" 6t midni#ht+U however he remembered that he had left in his !alace an articlewhich he should have brou#ht with him4 and havin# returned to the !alace to fetch it he there bhis wife slee!in# in his bed and attended by a male ne#ro slave who had fallen aslee! by her sid beholdin# this scene the world became black before his eyes4 and he said within himself $f thcase when $ have not de!arted from the city what will be the conduct of this vile woman while so7ournin# with my brotherR %e then drew his sword and slew them both in the bed: after whiimmediately returned #ave orders for de!arture and 7ourneyed to his brother's ca!ital"
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/hahriyDr re7oicin# at the tidin#s of his a!!roach went forth to meet him saluted him and welchim with the utmost deli#ht" %e then ordered that the city should be decorated on the occasion+W andsat down to entertain his brother with cheerful conversation: but the mind of =in# /hDh ^emDn distracted by reflections u!on the conduct of his wife4 excessive #rief took !ossession of him4 acountenance became sallow4 and his frame emaciated" %is brother observed his altered conditiima#inin# that it was occasioned by his absence from his dominions abstained from troublin# haskin# res!ectin# the cause until after the la!se of some days when at len#th he said to him ; m brother $ !erceive that thy body is emaciated and thy countenance is become sallow" %e answ brother $ have an internal sore: and he informed him not of the conduct of his wife which he ha

witnessed" /hahriyDr then said $ wish that thou wouldest #o out with me on a huntin# excursio !erha!s thy mind mi#ht so be diverted: but he declined4 and /hahriyDr went alone to the chase"+,
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Now there were some windows in the =in#'s !alace commandin# a view of his #arden4 and whi brother was lookin# out from one of these a door of the !alace was o!ened and there came forthit twenty females and twenty male black slaves4 and the =in#'s wife who was distin#uished byextraordinary beauty and ele#ance+. accom!anied them to a fountain where they all disrobedthemselves and sat down to#ether" The =in#'s wife then called out ; &es'ood@Z and immediately a black slave came to her and embraced her4 she doin# the like" /o also did the other slaves and twomen4 and all of them continued revellin# to#ether until the close of the day" 5hen /hDh êmD

beheld this s!ectacle he said within himself 9y 6llah my affliction is li#hter than this %is vexaand #rief were alleviated and he no lon#er abstained from sufficient food and drink"5hen his brother returned from his excursion and they hadU saluted each other and =in# /hahriyobserved his brother /hDh êmDn that his colour had returned that his face had recovered the fhealth and that he ate with a!!etite after his late abstinence he was sur!rised and said ; my browhen $ saw thee last thy countenance was sallow and now thy colour hath returned to thee: ac0me with thy state" 6s to the chan#e of my natural com!lexion answered /hDh êmDn $ will infthee of its cause4 but excuse my ex!lainin# to thee the return of my colour" 3irst said /hahriyDrrelate to me the cause of the chan#e of thy !ro!er com!lexion and of thy weakness: let me hear i=now then ; my brother he answered that when thou sentest thy 5eOeer to me to invite me to t !resence $ !re!ared myself for the 7ourney and when $ had #one forth from the city $ remembe$ had left behind me the 7ewel that $ have #iven thee4 $ therefore returned to my !alace for it afound my wife slee!in# in my bed and attended by a black male slave4 and $ killed them both came to thee: but my mind was occu!ied by reflections u!on this affair and this was the cause ochan#e of my com!lexion and of my weakness: now as to the return of my colour excuse myinformin# thee of its cause" 9ut when his brother heard these words he said $ con7ure thee by 6that thou ac0uaint me with the cause of the return of thy colour: so he re!eated to him all that heseen" $ would see this said /hahriyDr with my own eye" Then said /hDh êmDn #ive out that art #oin# a#ain to the chase and conceal thyself here with me and thou shalt witness this conduobtain ocular !roof of it"
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/hahriyDr u!on this immediately announced that it was his intention to make another excursiontroo!s went out of the cityW with the tents and the =in# followed them4 and after he had re!oseawhile in the cam! he said to his servants et no one come in to me: and he dis#uised himself a

returned to his brother in the !alace and sat in one of the windows overlookin# the #arden4 andhe had been there a short time the women and their mistress entered the #arden with the black sand did as his brother had described continuin# so until the hour of the afternoon !rayer"


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5hen =in# /hahriyDr beheld this occurrence reason fled from his head and he said to his brothe/hDh ^emDn 6rise and let us travel whither we !lease and renounce the re#al state until we seewhether such a calamity as this have befallen any other !erson like unto us4 and if not our death !referable to our life" %is brother a#reed to his !ro!osal and they went out from a !rivate door o !alace and 7ourneyed continually days and ni#hts until they arrived at a tree in the midst of a m by a s!rin# of water on the shore of the sea" They drank of this s!rin# and sat down to rest4 andthe day had a little advanced the sea became troubled, before them and there arose from it a bla !illar ascendin# towards the sky and a!!roachin# the meadow" /truck with fear at the si#ht theyclimbed u! into the tree which was lofty4 and thence they #aOed to see what this mi#ht be: andit was a *innee@+ of #i#antic stature broad fronted and bulky bearin# on his head a chest"@@ %elanded and came to the tree into which the two =in#s had climbed and havin# seated himself bit o!ened the chest and took out of it another box which he also o!ened4 and there came forth a youn# woman fair and beautiful like the shinin# sun" 5hen the *innee cast his eyes u!on her said ; lady of noble race whom $ carried off on thy weddin# ni#ht $ have a desire to slee! a littand he !laced his head u!on her knee and sle!t" The damsel then. raised her head towards the tresaw there the two =in#s4 u!on which she removed the head of the *innee from her knee and ha
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!laced it on the #round stood under the tree and made si#ns to the two =in#s as thou#h she wosay Come down and fear not this '1freet"@L They answered her 5e con7ure thee by 6llah that thouexcuse us in this matter" 9ut she said $ con7ure you by the same that ye come down4 and if ye will rouse this '1freet and he shall !ut you to a cruel death" /o bein# afraid they came down to hand after they had remained with her as lon# as she re0uired she took from her !ocket a !urse adrew out from this a strin# u!on which were ninety ei#ht seal rin#s4@ and she said to them =now ye

what are theseR They answered 5e know not" The owners of these rin#s said she have all of th been admitted to converse with me like as ye have unknown to this foolish '1freet4 therefore #your two rin#s@- ye brothers" /o they #ave her their two rin#s from their fin#ers4 and she then sathem This '1freet carried me off on my weddin# ni#ht and !ut me in the box and !laced the boxthe chest and affixed to the chest seven locks and de!osited me thus im!risoned in the bottom roarin# sea beneath the dashin# waves4 not knowin# that when one of our sex desires to accomany ob7ect nothin# can !revent her" $n accordance with this says one of the !oets: Never trust in women4 nor rely u!on their vows4 3or their !leasure and dis!leasure de!end u!on !assions" They offer a false affection4 for !erfidy lurks within their clothin#" 9y the tale of Soos@U beadmonished and #uard a#ainst their strata#ems" ?ost thou not consider that $blees e7ected 6dammeans of womanR6nd another !oet says: 6bstain from censure4 for it will stren#then the censured and increase desire into violent !assionsuffer such !assion my case is but the same as that of many a man before me: 3or #reatly indeedwondered at is he who hath ke!t himself safe from women's artifice"@W 5hen the two =in#s heard these words from her li!s they were struck with the utmost astonishmand said one to the other $f this is an '1freet and a #reater calamity hath ha!!ened unto him thawhich hath befallen us this is a circumstance that should console us: and immediately they de!aand returned to the city"6s soon as they had entered the !alace /hahriyDr caused his wife to be beheaded and in like ma

the women and black slaves4+Z and thenceforth he made it his re#ular custom every time that vir#in to his bed to kill her at the ex!iration of the ni#ht" Thus he continued to do durin# a !eriothree years4 and the !eo!le raised an outcry a#ainst him and fled with their dau#hters and thereremained not a vir#in in the city of a sufficient a#e for marria#e"@, /uch was the case when the =in#ordered the 5eOeer to brin# him a vir#in accordin# to his custom4 and the 5eOeer went forth ansearched and found none4 and he went back to his house enra#ed and vexed fearin# what the =mi#ht do to him" Now the 5eOeer had two dau#hters4 the elder of whom was named /hahraODd4 and the youn#e?unyDODd" The former had read various books of histories and the lives of !recedin# kin#s anof !ast #enerations: it is asserted that she had collected to#ether a thousand books of histories reto !recedin# #enerations and kin#s and works of the !oets: and she said to her father on this occ5hy do $ see thee thus chan#ed and o!!ressed with solicitude and sorrowsR $t has been said by the !oets: Tell him who is o!!ressed with anxiety that anxiety will not last: 6s ha!!iness !asseth away so !asseth away anxiety"5hen the 5eOeer heard these words from his dau#hter he related to her all that had ha!!ened to hwith re#ard to the =in#: u!on which she said 9y 6llah ; my father #ive me in marria#e to this =either $ shall die and be a ransom for one of the dau#hters of the &uslims or $ shall live and bcause of their deliverance from him"@. $ con7ure thee by 6llah exclaimed he that thou ex!ose not
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thyself to such !eril: but she said $t must be so" Then said he $ fear for thee that the same willthee that ha!!ened in the case of the ass and the bull and the husbandman" 6nd what she asked that ; my father"

=now ; my dau#hter said the 5eOeer that there was a certain merchant who !ossessed wealth acattle and had a wife and children4 and 2od whose name be exalted had also endowed him wi

knowled#e of the lan#ua#es of beasts and birds"LZ The abode of this merchant was in the country4 anhe had in his house an ass and a bull"L+ 5hen the bull came to the !lace where the ass was tied hefound it swe!t and s!rinkled4L@ in his man#er were sifted barley and sifted cut strawLL and the ass waslyin# at his ease4 his master bein# accustomed only to ride him occasionally when business re0and soon to return: and it ha!!ened one++ day that the merchant overheard the bull sayin# to th&ay thy food benefit theeL $ am o!!ressed with fati#ue while thou art en7oyin# re!ose: thou eatesifted barley and men serve thee4 and it is only occasionally that thy master rides thee and retuwhile $ am continually em!loyed in !lou#hin# and turnin# the mill"L- The ass answeredLU 5henthou #oest out to the field and they !lace the yoke u!on thy neck lie down and do not rise a#ain
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if they beat thee4 or if thou rise lie down a second time4 and when they take thee back and !la beans before thee eat them not as thou#h thou wert sick: abstain from eatin# and drinkin# a datwo days or three4 and so shalt thou find rest from trouble and labour" 6ccordin#ly when the drcame to the bull with his fodder he ate scarcely any of it4 and on the morrow when the driver ca#ain to take him to !lou#h he found him a!!arently 0uite infirm: so the merchant said Take theand make him draw the !lou#h in his stead all the day" The man did so4 and when the ass return

close of the day the bull thanked him for the+@ favour he had conferred u!on him by relievin#his trouble on that day4 but the ass returned him no answer for he re!ented most #rievously" ;n next day the !lou#hman came a#ain and took the ass and !lou#hed with him till evenin#4 and returned with his neck flayed by the yoke and reduced to an extreme state of weakness4 and thelooked u!on him and thanked and !raised him" The ass exclaimed $ was livin# at ease and noumy meddlin# hath in7ured me Then said he to the bull =now that $ am one who would #ive thadvice: $ heard our master say $f the bull rise not from his !lace take him to the butcher that hkill him and make a naEQLW of his skin: $ am therefore in fear for thee and so $ have #iven theeadvice4 and !eace be on thee 5hen the bull heard these words of the ass he thanked him and saTo morrow $ will #o with alacrity: so he ate the whole of his fodder and even licked the man#eTheir master meanwhile was listenin# to their conversation"

;n the followin# mornin# the merchant and his wife went to the bull's crib and sat down there4 the driver came and took out the bull4 and when the bull saw his master he shook his tail and his alacrity by sounds and actions boundin# about in such a manner that the merchant lau#hed fell backwards" %is wife in sur!rise asked him 6t what dost thou lau#hR %e answered 6t a thi$ have heard and seen4 but $ cannot reveal it4 for if $ did $ should die" /he said Thou must infthe cause of thy lau#hter even if thou die" $ cannot reveal it said he: the fear of death !revents Thou lau#hedst only atme she said4 and she ceased not to ur#e and im!ortune him until he was 0uovercome and distracted" /o he called to#ether his children and sent for the PD\eeL, and witnessesthat he mi#ht make his will and reveal the secret to her and die: for he loved her excessively siwas the dau#hter of his !aternal uncle and the mother of his children and he had lived with hera#e of a hundred and twenty years"L. %avin# assembled her family and his nei#hbours he related tothem his story and told them that as soon as he revealed his secret he must die4 u!on which eve !resent said to her 5e con7ure thee by 6llah that thou #ive u! this affair and let not thy husbandand the father of thy children die" 9ut she said $ will not desist until he tell me thou#h he die fthey ceased to solicit her4 and the merchant left them and went to the stable to !erform the abluand then to return and tell them the secret and die"Z
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Now he had a cock with fifty hens under him and he had also a do#4 and he heard the do# callcock and re!roach him sayin# 6rt thou ha!!y when our master is #oin# to dieR The cock askedsoR and the do# related to him the story4 u!on which the cock exclaimed 9y 6llah our master hlittle sense: I have fifty wives4 and $ !lease this and !rovoke that4 whilehe has butone wife and cannotmana#e this affair with her: why does he not take some twi#s of the mulberry tree and enter herchamber and beat her until she dies or re!entsR /he would never after that ask him a 0uestion

res!ectin# anythin#" 6nd when the merchant heard the words of the cock as he addressed the dorecovered his reason and made u! his mind to beat her" Now said the 5eOeer to his dau#hter/hahraODd !erha!s $ may do to thee as the merchant did to his wife" /he asked 6nd what did heanswered %e entered her chamber after he had cut off some twi#s of the mulberry tree and hidthem there4 and then said to her Come into the chamber that $ may tell thee the secret while nosees me and then die: and when she had entered he locked the chamber door u!on her and beatuntil she became almost senseless and cried out $ re!ent: and she kissed his hands and his feet re!ented and went out with him4 and all the com!any and her own family re7oiced4 and they lto#ether in the ha!!iest manner until death"5hen the 5eOeer's dau#hter heard the words of her father she said to him $t must be as $ havere0uested" /o he arrayed her and went to the =in# /hahriyDr" Now she had #iven directions to hyoun# sister sayin# to her 5hen $ have #one to the =in# $ will send to re0uest thee to come4 anwhen thou comest to me and seest a convenient time do thou say to me ; my sister relate to mstran#e story to be#uile our wakin# hour:+ and $ will relate to thee a story that shall if it be the willof 2od be the means of !rocurin# deliverance"%er father the 5eOeer then took her to the =in# who when+ he saw him was re7oiced and sa%ast thou brou#ht me what $ desiredR %e answered Ses" 5hen the =in# therefore introduced hto her she we!t4 and he said to her 5hat aileth theeR /he answered ; =in# $ have a youn# siste$ wish to take leave of her" /o the =in# sent to her4 and she came to her sister and embraced hesat near the foot of the bed4 and after she had waited for a !ro!er o!!ortunity she said 9y 6llah sister relate to us a story to be#uile the wakin# hour of our ni#ht" &ost willin#ly answered /hahif this virtuous =in# !ermit me" 6nd the =in# hearin# these words and bein# restless was !leasewith the idea of listenin# to the story4 and thus on the first ni#ht of the thousand and one /hahrcommenced her recitations"
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NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION. Note +" On the Initial "hrase and on the Mohammadan #eligion and $a%s! $t is a universal customof the &uslims to write this !hrase at the commencement of every book whatever may be the suand to !ronounce it on commencin# every lawful act of any im!ortance" This they do in imitatiothe Pur Dn (every cha!ter of which exce!tin# one is thus !refaced) and in accordance with a !reof their 8ro!het" The words which $ translate BCom!assionateB and B&ercifulB are both derivethe same root and have nearly the same meanin#: the one bein# of a form which is #enerally usex!ress an accidental or occasional !assion or sensation4 the other to denote a constant 0uality: most learned of the 'Alam] (or !rofessors of reli#ion and law Mc") inter!ret the former as si#nifyB&erciful in #reat thin#s4B and the latter B&erciful in small thin#s"B /ale has erred in renderincon7unctly B&ost merciful"B$n the books of the &uslims the first words after the above !hrase almost always consist (as inwork before us) of some form of !raise and thanks#ivin# to 2od for his !ower and #oodness foll by an invocation of blessin# on the 8ro!het4 and in #eneral when the author is not very conciseex!ressions he conveys in them some allusion to the sub7ect of his book" 3or instance if he wrmarria#e he will commence his work with some such form as this (after the !hrase first mention B8raise be to 2od who hath created the human race and made them males and females B Mc"The exordium of the !resent work showin# the duty im!osed u!on a &uslim by his reli#ion eventhe occasion of his commencin# the com!osition or com!ilation of a series of fictions su##ests tthe necessity of insertin# a brief !refatory notice of the fundamental !oints of his faith and the !rinci!al laws of the ritual and moral the civil and the criminal code4 leavin# more full ex!lana !articular !oints to be #iven when occasions shall re0uire such illustrations"The confession of the &uslim's faith is briefly made in these words: BThere is no deity but 2od:&oGammad is 2od's 6!ostle:B which im!ly a belief and observance of everythin# that &oGammtau#ht to be the word or will of 2od" $n the o!inion of those who are commonly called orthodoxtermed B/unneesB (the only class whom we have to consider4 for they are /unnee tenets and 6ramanners which are described in this work in almost every case wherever the scene is laid) the&ohammadan code is founded u!on the Pur Dn the Traditions of the 8ro!het the concordance o !rinci!al early disci!les and the decisions which have been framed from analo#y or com!arison"class consists of four sects anafees /hDfe'ees &Dlikees and ambelees4 so called after the namtheir res!ective founders" The other sects +U who are called B/hiya'eesB (an a!!ellation !articula#iven to the 8ersian sect but also used to desi#nate #enerally all who are not /unnees) are re#artheir o!!onents in #eneral nearly in the same li#ht as those who do not !rofess 1l $slDm (or the&ohammadan faith)4 that is as destined to eternal or severe !unishment"The &ohammadan faith embraces the followin# !oints:+" 9elief in 2od who is without be#innin# or end the sole Creator and ord of the universe havabsolute !ower and knowled#e and #lory and !erfection"@" 9elief in his 6n#els who are im!eccable bein#s created of li#ht4 and 2enii (*inn) who are !created of smokeless fire" The ?evils whose chief is $blees or /atan are evil 2enii"L" 9elief in his /cri!tures which are his uncreated word revealed to his !ro!hets" ;f these there nexist but held to be #reatly corru!ted the 8entateuch of &oses the 8salms of ?avid and the 2osof *esus Christ4 and in an uncorru!ted and incorru!tible state the Pur Dn which is held to haveabro#ated and to sur!ass in excellence all !recedin# revelations"" 9elief in his 8ro!hets and 6!ostles4+@ the most distin#uished of whom are 6dam Noah 6braham&oses *esus and &oGammad" *esus is held to be more excellent than any of those who !reced
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to have been born of a vir#in and to be the &essiah and the word of 2od and a /!irit !roceedin#%im but not !artakin# of his essence and not to be called the /on of 2od" &oGammad is held tomore excellent than all4 the last and #reatest of !ro!hets and a!ostles4 the most excellent of thecreatures of 2od"-" 9elief in the #eneral resurrection and 7ud#ment and in future rewards and !unishments chiefcor!oreal nature: that the !unishments will be eternal to all but wicked &ohammadans4 and that but &ohammadans will enter into a state of ha!!iness"U" 9elief in 2od's !redestination of all events both #ood and evil"The !rinci!al


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return from '6rafDt to &ekkeh the !il#rims who are able to do so !erform a sacrifice and every &uslim who can is re0uired to do the same: !art of the meat of the victim he should eat and the should #ive to the !oor" This festival is observed otherwise in a similar manner to the minor onementioned4 and lasts three or four

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