of 15
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SECTION 1ERA National
Overview
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Research Quality 13
Assessed Units of Evaluaon 14
Comparison of ERA 2010 and ERA 2012Research Output, Applied andEsteem Measures 16
Naonal ERA 2012 Volume at a Glance 17
Research Outputs 25
FTE Stang Prole 27
HERDC Research Income Summary(All Categories) 28
HERDC Category 1AustralianCompeve Grants Research Income 29
HERDC Category 2Other PublicSector Research Income 30
HERDC Category 3Industry andOther Research Income 31
HERDC Category 4CRC Research Income 32
Research Commercialisaon Income 33
SECTION 1ERA National
Overview
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Emerging Disciplines: TwodigitGrowth Rates 40
Emerging Disciplines:Muldisciplinary Research 41
Emerging Disciplines: Research Capacity 43
Research Applicaon and Pathwaysto Research Impact 45
Research Applicaon: NontradionalResearch Outputs 45
Research Applicaon: Studies inCreave Arts and Wring 47
Research Applicaon: Built Environmentand Design 47
Research Applicaon: Economicsand Studies in Human Society 48
Research Applicaon: Patents 49
Research Applicaon: Engineering 50
Research Applicaon: Medical
and Health Sciences 51
Pathways to Research Impact:Knowledge Transfer 52
Pathways to Research Impact:Collaboraon 53
Pathways to Research Impact:Coauthorship 54
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SECTION 1:ERA NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Secon 1 presents a naonal overview of ERA 2012, including world standard research performance,
summary data submied by instuon, and some observaons arising from the data submied for the
ERA 2012 evaluaon.
Research Quality
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Assessed Units of Evaluation
A Unit of Evaluaon (UoE) is a discipline for a specic instuon that has sucient research volume to
be considered research acve for the purposes of ERA. A total of 2,323 units of evaluaon (UoEs) were
assessed in the ERA 2012 process.
Note: the table shows only those units assessed at the twodigit FoR code level, i.e. it does not show fourdigit UoEs.
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Note: the two-digit groupings shown above are at an aggregaon of those units assessed at the four-digit FoR code level.
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Comparison of ERA 2010 and ERA 2012 Research Output, Applied and
Esteem Measures
The table below provides an overview of the types and volume of research outputs, applied measures
(excluding income) and esteem measures submied to ERA 2010 and ERA 20121.
Tradional research outputs (books, book chapters, conference publicaons and journal arcles) apply
to all disciplines. The non-tradional outputs (curated or exhibited event, live performance, original
creave work, recorded/rendered work) only apply to some disciplines2. There has been an increase
in the number of tradional research outputs over the two me periods, parcularly journal arcles.
This may have been inuenced by a number of factors, such as addional journals included in the2012 journal list resulng in more arcles being eligible for ERA; improvements in instuons data
collecon pracces; and an increase in the number of full-me equivalent sta (FTE) employed in the
higher educaon research system. While there appears to be a substanal decrease in the number of
non-tradional research outputs submied to ERA 2012, this is due to the fact that more of these have
been included in Porolios, the number of which has signicantly increased in ERA 2012.
Research Outputs 2010 2012
Tradional outputs
Book 4,912 5,270
Book Chapter 34,755 39,597
Conference Publicaon 73,741 72,977
Journal Arcle 206,816 286,637
Non-tradional outputs
Curated or Exhibited Event 750 777
Live Performance 1,807 821
Original Creave Work 9,052 6,026
Recorded/Rendered Work 1,260 790
Porolio of Non-Tradional Research Outputs 374 583
Output types within Porolios
Curated Exhibited Event 62 147
Live Performance 197 867
Original Creave Work 2259 3,115
Recorded Rendered Work 157 582
TOTAL* 333,467 413,477
Applied measures
NHMRC Endorsed Guidelines 49 50
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National ERA 2012 Volume at a Glance
The table below presents a summary, by discipline, of the number of UoEs assessed and the volume
of research outputs submied to ERA 2012. With the excepon of assessed UoEs, the twodigit
informaon presented is the aggregate of the corresponding fourdigit data.
For each two and fourdigit FoR the following summary informaon is provided:
Assessed UoEs
The number of UoEs assessed in ERA 2012 which met the low volume threshold.
FTEs
The total number of FullTime Equivalent sta (FTE) submied to ERA 2012 (as of the sta census date
of 31 March 2011).
Research Outputs
The total number of research outputs (all research output types) submied to ERA 2012.
Weighted Research Outputs
The total number of research outputs (all research output types) submied to ERA 2012. For the
purposes of calculang the low volume threshold for peer review disciplines, one book was equivalent
to ve research outputs. For disciplines where citaon analysis was used, no weighng was applied.
Higher Education Research Data Collection (HERDC) Research Income
The total amount of research income across Categories 14 research income (in Australian dollars)
submied to ERA 2012.
Esteem
The total number of esteem measures submied to ERA 2012.
Research Commercialisation IncomeThe total amount of research commercialisaon income (in Australian dollars) submied to ERA 2012.
Patents Sealed
The total number of patents submied to ERA 2012.
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19
SECTION 1: ERA NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Naonal ERA Volume at a Glance
FoR
Code FoR Name
Assessed
UoEs* FTEs
Research
Outputs
Weighted**Research
Outputs
Research
Income ($) Esteem
ResearchCommercialisaon
Income ($)
Patents
Sealed04 Earth Sciences 19 805.1 10,198.2 10,198.2 $248,412,581 126.3 $1,510,965 0.0
0401 Atmospheric Sciences 5 77.1 919.0 919.0 $15,153,420 18.1 $23,283 0.0
0402 Geochemistry 10 115.3 1,341.5 1,341.5 $29,096,697 29.4 $281,662 0.0
0403 Geology 15 230.3 3,353.6 3,353.6 $85,588,290 47.9 $386,919 0.0
0404 Geophysics 7 86.2 1,084.5 1,084.5 $29,064,885 7.9 $99,253 0.0
0405 Oceanography 5 74.4 833.5 833.5 $33,381,522 9.6 $279 0.0
0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience 14 168.9 2,321.7 2,321.7 $54,549,859 12.4 $719,569 0.00499 Other Earth Sciences 0 52.9 344.4 344.4 $1,577,908 1.0 $0 0.0
05 Environmental Sciences 28 746.6 7,549.0 7,549.0 $293,936,492 63.7 $778,079 3.6
0501 Ecological Applicaons 6 134.4 1,209.0 1,209.0 $24,722,942 13.1 $742 0.0
0502 Environmental Science and Management 25 465.5 4,643.7 4,643.7 $230,094,698 40.9 $620,140 1.0
0503 Soil Sciences 7 89.1 1,160.7 1,160.7 $35,651,619 7.3 $157,197 2.6
0599 Other Environmental Sciences 0 57.6 535.6 535.6 $3,467,233 2.4 $0 0.0
06 Biological Sciences 32 3,327.5 30,867.3 30,867.3 $968,397,230 478.9 $3,359,764 118.9
0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology 17 1,046.8 6,583.5 6,583.5 $344,948,502 173.3 $2,578,008 47.4
0602 Ecology 22 408.3 4,945.4 4,945.4 $128,163,254 51.7 $15,058 0.4
0603 Evoluonary Biology 13 143.8 1,938.1 1,938.1 $30,676,562 45.7 $0 0.0
0604 Genecs 14 350.2 3,237.9 3,237.9 $180,359,442 68.9 $60,734 12.3
0605 Microbiology 17 369.7 3,437.9 3,437.9 $75,481,895 29.4 $644,585 30.5
0606 Physiology 5 143.2 1,348.7 1,348.7 $24,268,255 21.4 $1,704 0.0
0607 Plant Biology 20 371.7 3,614.0 3,614.0 $123,526,105 46.9 $59,675 26.4
0608 Zoology 21 280.6 5,014.7 5,014.7 $51,777,523 39.1 $0 1.9
0699 Other Biological Sciences 1 213.2 747.1 747.1 $9,195,692 2.5 $0 0.0
07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences 23 1,102.1 11,032.1 11,032.1 $461,716,131 37.1 $33,747,615 45.6
0701 Agriculture, Land and Farm Management 2 85.2 921.3 921.3 $33,732,483 2.6 $0 0.0
0702 Animal Producon 6 166.5 1,697.3 1,697.3 $65,201,424 3.2 $20,027,196 1.5
* All twodigit FoR codes shown in this table are aggregates of the fourdigit FoR codes below, with the excepon of the Assessed UoEs column which are the actual values at the twodigit FoR code level.
** One book is equivalent to ve research outputs in ERA 2012 for the calculaon of Low Volume Threshold for relevant disciplines.
contnued
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20
SECTION 1: ERA NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Naonal ERA Volume at a Glance
FoR
Code FoR Name
Assessed
UoEs* FTEs
Research
Outputs
Weighted**Research
Outputs
Research
Income ($) Esteem
ResearchCommercialisaon
Income ($)
Patents
Sealed0703 Crop and Pasture Producon 11 233.4 2,433.7 2,433.7 $176,975,548 9.4 $8,328,493 9.2
0704 Fisheries Sciences 6 119.7 1,351.3 1,351.3 $53,378,240 5.3 $38,998 0.0
0705 Forestry Sciences 6 83.7 1,094.0 1,094.0 $39,888,281 7.1 $1,024,389 18.7
0706 Horcultural Producon 3 92.3 814.8 814.8 $39,893,551 2.5 $751,033 4.8
0707 Veterinary Sciences 8 250.8 2,230.3 2,230.3 $41,088,621 7.0 $3,577,506 11.4
0799 Other Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences 0 70.5 489.4 489.4 $11,557,983 0.0 $0 0.0
08 Informaon and Compung Sciences 35 1,734.0 24,164.7 24,563.1 $221,997,038 72.2 $26,449,744 18.9
0801 Arcial Intelligence and Image Processing 31 496.8 8,181.5 8,301.9 $82,525,710 30.6 $14,444,880 14.7
0802 Computaon Theory and Mathemacs 7 74.5 1,483.7 1,502.5 $7,009,356 8.8 $0 1.0
0803 Computer Soware 10 185.6 2,405.7 2,457.3 $21,589,270 6.5 $340,088 0.0
0804 Data Format 2 55.7 856.4 873.6 $7,573,094 1.4 $11,477,188 1.9
0805 Distributed Compung 12 136.3 2,175.1 2,197.9 $14,839,049 5.3 $0 0.0
0806 Informaon Systems 25 477.4 6,719.3 6,844.9 $56,082,942 17.0 $187,588 1.3
0807 Library and Informaon Studies 6 141.7 1,312.8 1,338.0 $12,737,680 2.0 $0 0.0
0899 Other Informaon and Compung Sciences 2 166.0 1,030.2 1,047.0 $19,639,937 0.6 $0 0.0
09 Engineering 29 3,131.0 48,366.8 48,366.8 $965,457,937 343.5 $44,596,284 206.6
0901 Aerospace Engineering 3 49.9 764.7 764.7 $8,609,211 1.2 $0 0.0
0902 Automove Engineering 0 31.9 572.2 572.2 $2,666,712 0.4 $0 4.0
0903 Biomedical Engineering 8 176.6 2,444.1 2,444.1 $52,926,716 21.4 $8,781,021 20.2
0904 Chemical Engineering 10 288.7 4,764.6 4,764.6 $90,418,552 51.5 $2,625,581 44.5
0905 Civil Engineering 19 372.5 7,207.5 7,207.5 $142,846,185 38.9 $744,585 11.0
0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21 483.7 9,890.8 9,890.8 $150,037,555 61.5 $16,185,767 32.0
0907 Environmental Engineering 5 128.7 1,491.2 1,491.2 $44,101,286 6.4 $256,129 13.0
0908 Food Sciences 6 86.0 1,234.9 1,234.9 $15,837,669 0.2 $214,737 4.8
0909 Geomac Engineering 2 96.3 1,278.6 1,278.6 $14,332,516 10.2 $5,042 1.0
0910 Manufacturing Engineering 2 76.1 996.0 996.0 $31,809,008 8.8 $2,664 3.0
* All twodigit FoR codes shown in this table are aggregates of the fourdigit FoR codes below, with the excepon of the Assessed UoEs column which are the actual values at the twodigit FoR code level.
** One book is equivalent to ve research outputs in ERA 2012 for the calculaon of Low Volume Threshold for relevant disciplines.
contnued
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21 SECTION 1: ERA NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Naonal ERA Volume at a Glance
FoR
Code FoR Name
Assessed
UoEs* FTEs
Research
Outputs
Weighted**Research
Outputs
Research
Income ($) Esteem
ResearchCommercialisaon
Income ($)
Patents
Sealed0911 Marime Engineering 2 36.8 503.8 503.8 $6,934,758 3.0 $214,785 0.0
0912 Materials Engineering 18 345.3 6,318.6 6,318.6 $123,920,309 76.5 $1,177,252 22.0
0913 Mechanical Engineering 18 345.2 5,797.1 5,797.1 $108,295,853 34.7 $4,159,781 16.3
0914 Resources Engineering and Extracve Metallurgy 8 230.8 2,321.2 2,321.2 $135,724,865 22.5 $10,191,277 31.8
0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering 4 112.0 1,332.2 1,332.2 $23,082,951 5.5 $0 3.0
0999 Other Engineering 0 270.5 1,449.3 1,449.3 $13,913,791 0.8 $37,663 0.0
10 Technology 11 626.9 6,055.3 6,078.9 $116,716,243 52.2 $3,318,807 38.2
1001 Agricultural Biotechnology 1 53.8 277.0 277.0 $8,307,527 3.2 $73,668 2.0
1002 Environmental Biotechnology 1 30.9 269.9 269.9 $10,148,224 1.3 $1,399,582 0.0
1003 Industrial Biotechnology 1 23.2 166.1 166.1 $9,624,961 2.5 $185,523 3.4
1004 Medical Biotechnology 2 104.8 494.1 494.1 $20,176,287 3.4 $0 17.2
1005 Communicaons Technologies 6 149.5 2,233.1 2,248.7 $32,142,478 22.3 $1,620,181 14.2
1006 Computer Hardware 1 22.0 230.4 238.4 $4,768,817 0.9 $0 0.3
1007 Nanotechnology 5 80.7 866.7 866.7 $30,797,469 17.5 $0 1.1
1099 Other Technology 0 162.0 1,518.0 1,518.0 $750,480 1.1 $39,853 0.0
11 Medical and Health Sciences 39 9,236.9 91,859.9 91,859.9 $3,427,611,545 1,330.5 $124,094,578 208.8
1101 Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics 4 152.0 1,087.9 1,087.9 $24,848,417 19.2 $15,553 4.5
1102 Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology 13 226.1 3,391.2 3,391.2 $190,910,611 52.2 $125,784 6.3
1103 Clinical Sciences 28 1,731.4 23,878.3 23,878.3 $705,512,205 166.7 $34,399,682 51.0
1104 Complementary and Alternave Medicine 1 110.7 814.5 814.5 $5,883,895 2.3 0.0
1105 Denstry 6 182.3 1,618.5 1,618.5 $44,865,983 5.7 $5,147,863 21.6
1106 Human Movement and Sports Science 26 424.8 5,512.6 5,512.6 $46,440,269 25.0 0.0
1107 Immunology 13 371.8 3,275.1 3,275.1 $228,249,628 84.9 $49,051,995 15.9
1108 Medical Microbiology 11 189.9 1,850.5 1,850.5 $78,120,801 33.3 $21,120 10.1
1109 Neurosciences 19 581.9 6,117.1 6,117.1 $347,609,483 148.8 $1,824,991 25.6
1110 Nursing 23 837.0 5,427.9 5,427.9 $83,755,864 21.5 0.0
* All twodigit FoR codes shown in this table are aggregates of the fourdigit FoR codes below, with the excepon of the Assessed UoEs column which are the actual values at the twodigit FoR code level.
** One book is equivalent to ve research outputs in ERA 2012 for the calculaon of Low Volume Threshold for relevant disciplines.
contnued
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22
SECTION 1: ERA NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Naonal ERA Volume at a Glance
FoR
Code FoR Name
Assessed
UoEs* FTEs
Research
Outputs
Weighted**Research
Outputs
Research
Income ($) Esteem
ResearchCommercialisaon
Income ($)
Patents
Sealed1111 Nutrion and Dietecs 8 156.2 1,392.5 1,392.5 $30,757,613 14.4 1.2
1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis 11 295.1 3,828.2 3,828.2 $298,279,940 51.9 $14,576,788 19.3
1113 Ophthalmology and Optometry 6 137.2 2,293.7 2,293.7 $48,940,193 11.6 $955,225 11.8
1114 Paediatrics and Reproducve Medicine 11 317.2 5,054.9 5,054.9 $155,380,188 47.0 $2,496,971 13.0
1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceucal Sciences 17 444.8 5,210.3 5,210.3 $139,406,197 38.3 $15,280,047 23.5
1116 Medical Physiology 12 170.1 1,999.2 1,999.2 $54,681,390 42.7 $198,559 5.0
1117 Public Health and Health Services 33 1,877.4 17,203.8 17,203.8 $874,435,180 533.3 0.0
1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences 4 1,031.0 1,903.7 1,903.7 $69,533,688 31.7 0.0
12 Built Environment and Design 21 958.4 7,930.2 8,600.2 $75,603,783 19.1 $98,333 0.0
1201 Architecture 16 296.5 2,613.2 2,888.8 $20,168,123 12.9 $72 0.0
1202 Building 10 129.9 1,651.5 1,720.3 $12,925,916 0.6 $71,997 0.0
1203 Design Pracce and Management 6 207.3 1,412.4 1,515.6 $10,331,821 0.5 $26,264 0.0
1204 Engineering Design 0 8.9 79.8 81.0 $219,762 0.0 $0 0.0
1205 Urban and Regional Planning 13 180.6 1,907.9 2,111.1 $30,107,719 4.7 $0 0.0
1299 Other Built Environment and Design 0 135.2 265.4 283.4 $1,850,442 0.4 $0 0.0
13 Educaon 38 2,973.9 18,703.6 20,204.0 $182,068,131 56.9 $1,453,868 -
1301 Educaon Systems 20 467.9 3,060.0 3,362.0 $31,321,055 10.8 $219,608
1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy 29 918.5 6,165.0 6,615.0 $41,512,182 18.5 $131,718
1303 Specialist Studies in Educaon 34 1,015.2 8,323.5 9,023.5 $102,975,178 25.4 $1,102,542
1399 Other Educaon 2 572.3 1,155.1 1,203.5 $6,259,716 2.2 $0
14 Economics 33 1,063.6 7,629.3 8,261.3 $170,490,185 98.1 $198,175 -
1401 Economic Theory 7 107.6 739.0 834.6 $4,632,636 9.3 $0
1402 Applied Economics 30 647.7 5,357.7 5,806.1 $148,759,162 67.6 $196,008
1403 Econometrics 8 103.3 808.3 851.9 $15,104,881 17.6 $2,167
1499 Other Economics 0 205.0 724.3 768.7 $1,993,506 3.6 $0
* All twodigit FoR codes shown in this table are aggregates of the fourdigit FoR codes below, with the excepon of the Assessed UoEs column which are the actual values at the twodigit FoR code level.
** One book is equivalent to ve research outputs in ERA 2012 for the calculaon of Low Volume Threshold for relevant disciplines.
contnued
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23
SECTION 1: ERA NATIONAL OVERVIEW
Naonal ERA Volume at a Glance
FoR
Code FoR Name
Assessed
UoEs* FTEs
Research
Outputs
Weighted**Research
Outputs
Research
Income ($) Esteem
ResearchCommercialisaon
Income ($)
Patents
Sealed15 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services 38 3,239.7 24,640.6 25,988.6 $139,010,593 40.9 $1,344,615 -
1501 Accounng, Auding and Accountability 22 590.6 2,880.1 3,007.3 $12,349,326 6.8 $0
1502 Banking, Finance and Investment 17 398.6 2,221.0 2,312.2 $17,174,152 4.2 $0
1503 Business and Management 36 1,061.0 9,789.3 10,461.7 $63,194,712 25.6 $1,344,615
1504 Commercial Services 4 118.6 841.4 883.0 $2,125,447 0.0 $0
1505 Markeng 24 411.0 4,195.2 4,265.6 $22,285,651 1.4 $0
1506 Tourism 16 194.0 2,287.7 2,435.7 $18,441,611 1.5 $0
1507 Transportaon and Freight Services 2 41.2 501.3 536.1 $1,953,993 1.4 $0
1599 Other Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services 5 424.7 1,924.6 2,087.0 $1,485,701 0.0 $0
16 Studies in Human Society 38 2,343.8 20,495.3 24,084.5 $307,417,007 286.0 $65,468 -
1601 Anthropology 11 167.3 1,514.9 1,828.5 $18,700,520 61.2 $0
1602 Criminology 12 161.4 1,400.9 1,681.3 $21,224,672 13.2 $47,104
1603 Demography 2 51.8 519.5 570.7 $14,868,185 9.0 $0
1604 Human Geography 14 163.3 1,691.3 1,837.7 $18,017,962 25.0 $0
1605 Policy and Administraon 16 303.7 2,931.5 3,354.7 $71,727,342 28.4 $0
1606 Polical Science 21 491.8 5,061.9 6,275.9 $49,893,037 69.9 $0
1607 Social Work 16 260.1 1,706.9 1,925.7 $27,400,147 7.2 $13,292
1608 Sociology 29 456.5 4,591.0 5,359.0 $70,964,733 49.2 $658
1699 Other Studies in Human Society 4 287.9 1,077.4 1,251.0 $14,620,409 22.9 $4,414
17 Psychology and Cognive Sciences 30 1,428.6 14,951.3 14,951.3 $206,928,540 183.4 $2,241,599 -
1701 Psychology 30 1,094.8 11,755.8 11,755.8 $182,945,198 146.9 $2,241,599
1702 Cognive Science 7 178.7 2,336.7 2,336.7 $22,304,027 34.4 $0
1799 Other Psychology and Cognive Sciences 0 155.1 858.8 858.8 $1,679,315 2.1 $0
* All twodigit FoR codes shown in this table are aggregates of the fourdigit FoR codes below, with the excepon of the Assessed UoEs column which are the actual values at the twodigit FoR code level.
** One book is equivalent to ve research outputs in ERA 2012 for the calculaon of Low Volume Threshold for relevant disciplines.
contnued
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