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ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
GIS in Water Resources Consortium
Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
GISWater
Resources
CRWR
Trends During 1990’s• Standardized GIS data sets were produced for
hydrology • Internet became a major conduit for data
distribution• Most US hydrologic models had GIS interfaces
constructed for them• Microsoft COM protocol became a standard (Word,
Powerpoint, Excel, Visual Basic for Applications)• ESRI adopted COM for ArcGIS
Trends during 2000’s
• Relational databases (Access, Oracle,…) will be the standard for data storage
• Geospatial and temporal data for hydrology will be more formally synthesized
• Use of component technologies will blur the line between applications (hydrology-hydraulics-water quality)
• Increasing use of real-time applications
• More use of terrain surfaces e.g. LIDAR
ArcGIS Data Models
• Facilitate a process with the user community• Capture the essential, common data model for each
discipline• Build a database design template that works well with
ArcGIS• Build on experience, not a standards exercise• Share the model on ArcOnlinehttp://arconline.esri.com/arconline/datamodels.cfm
Essential Data Model
Organization AOrganization B
Organization D
Organization C
SomethingSomethingin commonin common
The data model for a business organization tends not to change greatly over time unless the business organization changes the fundamental way that it does business
Model Definition
• Develop a data model to support Hydrology and Hydrography
• Link the vector and raster worlds• Understand producer and consumer needs• Exercise with real data to validate the model • Use a geometric network for faster tracing
and data quality validation
Evolution of the Model
• Hands-on experience was key to evolution
• We have somehow struggled through the process and found new ways of managing Hydro Data– Consistent structure
– Varying detail
– Multi-purpose
– Common tools and techniques (Patterns)
• You will hear interest and excitement about this in the presentations today
Acknowledgements
• CRWR – ESRI team
• BYU, CDM, DHI, Dodson, EPA, HEC, LCRA, NHD, TNRCC, TWDB, USGS
• Many individuals in academia, government and industry
Many people and organizations have contributed to the development of Arc Hydro. We thank you!!
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
Hydrography Hydrology
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
Flow
Time
Time Series
Hydrography
Network
Channel
Drainage
HydroFeatures
Data Model Based on Inventory
NHD Points
Gages
NHD Areas
NHD Lines
Dams
Bridges
Make an inventory of all features of a given type in the region
What is it?Where is it?
Data Model Based on BehaviorFollow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.
Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model
Relationships betweenobjects linked by tracing pathof water movement
Types of Classes
ESRI ArcObject classes (colored grey) are genericobject classes provided with the ArcGIS software.All ArcGIS Hydro classes inherit from one of theseclasses (Object, Feature, Network Feature).
An Abstract class (Class Name in italics) is a classwhich stores common attributes shared by theclasses inheriting from it. It does not have objects ofits own.
An Object class (colored white) is a classrepresented as a Table in which each object has anObjectID and Attributes.
ArcGIS Hydro Data Modelhttp://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
Hydrography Channel
How to readthis diagram
Inheritance
Association 1..* Multiplicity
ESRI ArcObject Class
1
Abstract Class
Subtype
Attributes
Feature Class
Attributes
Time Series
Flow
Time
Flow
GIS in Water ResourcesConsortium
CRWRCRWRCRWR
Network
DrainagePoint
JunctionID
DrainageArea
AreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID
1Drainage
DrainageFeature
DrainID
Catchment BasinWatershed
DrainageLine
ComplexEdgeFeature
HydroJunction
SimpleJunctionFeature
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
EdgeType
1
Flowline
Shoreline
HydroEdge
HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled
HydroPointEvent
Measure
HydroLineEvent
FMeasureTMeasureOffset
TimeSeries
Object
FeatureIDTSTypeTSDateTimeTSValue
HydroEvent
ReachCode
Object
CrossSection
CSCodeJunctionIDCSOriginProfileM
Object
ChannelFeature
ReachCodeRiverCode
CrossSectionPoint
CSCodeCrossMElevation
1
1..*
1
Types of Classes
A Feature class (colored blue) is an object classthat has spatial coordinates (Point, Line Area).
A Network Feature class (colored blue) is afeature class that has connectivity betweenJunctions (points) and Edges (lines).
A Coded Value Domain is an attribute combininga numerical code with a text label. It is used forType attributes.
A Class Subtype (blue and white pattern ) is aseparate class defined by a Coded Value Domaintype attribute.
Types of Relationships
Inheritance (indicated by a triangle) means that theclasses below inherit the properties and methods ofthe classes above them in the class hierarchy.
Association (indicated by a blue line) links objects intwo classes using common values of key attributefields stored in both classes.
Multiplicity specifies how many objects can beassociated with another object in an Association.
1 One and only one.
1..* From one to any positive integer.
Attributes of Hydro Features
HydroID is an integer identifier for hydro featureswhich is unique within the geodatabase
HydroCode is a string identifier for hydro featureswhich is their permanent public identifier
JunctionID is the HydroID of an associatedHydroJunction. This junction is the outlet location forDrainage Areas and Waterbodies
FeatureID is the HydroID of an associated hydrofeature.
NextDownID is the HydroID of the next downstreamfeature in this class
Feature
1Structure
MonitoringPoint
WaterWithdrawal
Bridge
Dam UserPoint
WaterDischarge
HydroResponseUnit
AreaSqKm
HydroPoint
JunctionID
HydroLine HydroArea
Waterbody
AreaSqKmJunctionID
FTypeProfOrigin
ProfileLine
Components
All features in the model are Hydro Features.
Hydrography features are the blue lines on maps,and point features from tabular data inventories
Drainage features define the drainage areas of thelandscape.
Network features describe the connectivity of waterflow through the landscape
Channel features provide a 3-dimensional view ofchannel shape.
Time Series store time varying data about the waterproperties of any feature
Feature Class
Attributes
Object Class
Attributes
Hydrography
FTypeName
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
SchematicNode
FeatureID
SchematicLink
FromNodeToNode
http://arconline.esri.com/arconline/datamodels/water.cfm
Arc Hydro Implementation
Geodatabase
Feature Dataset
Feature Class
Geometric Network
Object Class
Relationship
Workspace
Arc Hydro Design Principles• Classification
– Partitioning, typing, and naming of classes
• Attribution– Feature description, including time series
• Association– Relating features using key attributes
• Navigation– Following water movement from feature to
feature
Classification• Partitioning
– Like features are grouped into components (Network, Drainage, …)
• Typing – Object, Feature, Network feature
• Naming– Common names if possible, defined by a
glossary
Classification Hierarchy1. Text descriptor e.g.
FType2. Coded Value Domain
e.g. FDir3. Subtypes – separate
classes with same attributes e.g. HydroEdge
4. Subclasses - separate classes with different attributes e.g. HydroPoint
• FType = “Stream/River”
• 1 = “WithDigitized”, 2 =“AgainstDigitized”,..
• EdgeType = 1 for Flowline, = 2 for Shoreline
• Dam, Bridge, Monitoring Point, …
Light
Heavy
Two-Way Classification:FTypes of Subtypes
• EdgeType = 1 FlowLine
• FType =– “Stream/River”
– “Canal/Ditch”
– “Pipeline”
– “Connector”
– “Waterbody FlowLine”
• EdgeType = 2 Shoreline
• FType =– “Bankline”
– “Shoreline”
– “Coastline”
Attribution• Minimal attribution in the model
– Assume user will add more
• Attribute Names are all 10 characters or less so they are not truncated when exported to Shapefiles
• Standard conventions– ID is a long integer
– Code is a string
Hydro Features
• Every Arc Hydro feature is a Hydro Feature with a HydroID and HydroCode
• HydroID = Class Number + ObjectID e.g. 12000013 is object 13 in class 12 (unique within a geodatabase)
• HydroCode = HydroID + Geodatabase name e.g. Mybasin12000013 (unique within a set of geodatabases)
Association
• An association is established using key fields in two separate tables – Can build relationship if necessary
• Hydro Assocation – HydroID of one class is an attribute of another class– JunctionID (Drainage Outlets)
– FeatureID (Time Series)
– NextDownID (Downstream feature)
Navigation• Navigation means tracing the movement
of water downstream or upstream– Dendritic Navigation – using NextDownID
within a single feature class– Network Navigation – using Network
Analyst tracing tools on Hydro Network– Schematic Navigation – using
SchematicLink and SchematicNodes to connect features in several classes
National Hydro Data Programshttp://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset(NHD)
Watershed Boundary DatasetElevation Derivatives for
National Applications (EDNA)
How do we combine these data?
Digital ElevationModels
Watersheds Streams Waterbodies
An integrated raster-vector
database
AB
? ?
Where Does the Raindrop Go?
Dale Honeycutt’s concept, May 2000
AB
Water Flows from an Area to a Line
Problems with this: • Areas and lines are not always consistent with one another. • Sometimes many lines within one area.
AB
How to Connect Areas to the Hydro Network?
Outlet Points
Areas connectto lines at points
Regardless of where the drop falls in the area, its runoff is on the network at the outlet point
Area to Stream Outlet Connectivity
ArcHydro and ArcFM Water
• ArcFM Water– Water
Infrastructure
– Water distribution
– Wastewater collection
– Storm sewers
• Arc Hydro– Natural water
system
– Catchments drain to storm sewer inlets
– Storm sewers discharge to streams
Area to Sewer InletConnectivity
Schema
• A schema is the structure or design of a database.
• A schema specifies the feature and object classes -- including their attributes and relationships -- of the geodatabase.
Repository
• A repository is database that contains the schema information needed to create a geodatabase from a UML model created using a CASE tool.
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
Types of Classes
ESRI ArcObject classes (colored grey) are genericobject classes provided with the ArcGIS software.All ArcGIS Hydro classes inherit from one of theseclasses (Object, Feature, Network Feature).
An Abstract class (Class Name in italics) is a classwhich stores common attributes shared by theclasses inheriting from it. It does not have objects ofits own.
An Object class (colored white) is a classrepresented as a Table in which each object has anObjectID and Attributes.
ArcGIS Hydro Data Modelhttp://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
Hydrography Channel
How to readthis diagram
Inheritance
Association 1..* Multiplicity
ESRI ArcObject Class
1
Abstract Class
Subtype
Attributes
Feature Class
Attributes
Time Series
Flow
Time
Flow
GIS in Water ResourcesConsortium
CRWRCRWRCRWR
Network
DrainagePoint
JunctionID
DrainageArea
AreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID
1Drainage
DrainageFeature
DrainID
Catchment BasinWatershed
DrainageLine
ComplexEdgeFeature
HydroJunction
SimpleJunctionFeature
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
EdgeType
1
Flowline
Shoreline
HydroEdge
HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled
HydroPointEvent
Measure
HydroLineEvent
FMeasureTMeasureOffset
TimeSeries
Object
FeatureIDTSTypeTSDateTimeTSValue
HydroEvent
ReachCode
Object
CrossSection
CSCodeJunctionIDCSOriginProfileM
Object
ChannelFeature
ReachCodeRiverCode
CrossSectionPoint
CSCodeCrossMElevation
1
1..*
1
Types of Classes
A Feature class (colored blue) is an object classthat has spatial coordinates (Point, Line Area).
A Network Feature class (colored blue) is afeature class that has connectivity betweenJunctions (points) and Edges (lines).
A Coded Value Domain is an attribute combininga numerical code with a text label. It is used forType attributes.
A Class Subtype (blue and white pattern ) is aseparate class defined by a Coded Value Domaintype attribute.
Types of Relationships
Inheritance (indicated by a triangle) means that theclasses below inherit the properties and methods ofthe classes above them in the class hierarchy.
Association (indicated by a blue line) links objects intwo classes using common values of key attributefields stored in both classes.
Multiplicity specifies how many objects can beassociated with another object in an Association.
1 One and only one.
1..* From one to any positive integer.
Attributes of Hydro Features
HydroID is an integer identifier for hydro featureswhich is unique within the geodatabase
HydroCode is a string identifier for hydro featureswhich is their permanent public identifier
JunctionID is the HydroID of an associatedHydroJunction. This junction is the outlet location forDrainage Areas and Waterbodies
FeatureID is the HydroID of an associated hydrofeature.
NextDownID is the HydroID of the next downstreamfeature in this class
Feature
1Structure
MonitoringPoint
WaterWithdrawal
Bridge
Dam UserPoint
WaterDischarge
HydroResponseUnit
AreaSqKm
HydroPoint
JunctionID
HydroLine HydroArea
Waterbody
AreaSqKmJunctionID
FTypeProfOrigin
ProfileLine
Components
All features in the model are Hydro Features.
Hydrography features are the blue lines on maps,and point features from tabular data inventories
Drainage features define the drainage areas of thelandscape.
Network features describe the connectivity of waterflow through the landscape
Channel features provide a 3-dimensional view ofchannel shape.
Time Series store time varying data about the waterproperties of any feature
Feature Class
Attributes
Object Class
Attributes
Hydrography
FTypeName
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
SchematicNode
FeatureID
SchematicLink
FromNodeToNode
http://arconline.esri.com/arconline/datamodels/water.cfm
Arc Hydro Implementation
Geodatabase
Feature Dataset
Feature Class
Geometric Network
Object Class
Relationship
Workspace
GIS in Water Resources ConsortiumArcGIS Hydro Data Model
CRWRCRWRCRWR
NetworkComplexEdgeFeature
HydroJunction
SimpleJunctionFeature
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
EdgeType
Flowline
Shoreline
HydroEdge
HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled
HydroPointEvent
Measure
HydroLineEvent
FMeasureTMeasureOffset
HydroEvent
ReachCode
Object
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
SchematicNode
FeatureID
SchematicLink
FromNodeToNode
Example - Holland
GIS in Water Resources ConsortiumArcGIS Hydro Data Model
CRWRCRWRCRWR
Hydrography Feature
Structure
MonitoringPoint
WaterWithdrawal
Bridge
Dam UserPoint
WaterDischarge
HydroResponseUnit
AreaSqKm
HydroPoint
JunctionID
HydroLine HydroArea
Waterbody
AreaSqKmJunctionID
Hydrography
FTypeName
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
River networksfor 8-digit HUC watersheds
GIS in Water Resources ConsortiumArcGIS Hydro Data Model
CRWRCRWRCRWR
Hydrography Feature
Structure
MonitoringPoint
WaterWithdrawal
Bridge
Dam UserPoint
WaterDischarge
HydroResponseUnit
AreaSqKm
HydroPoint
JunctionID
HydroLine HydroArea
Waterbody
AreaSqKmJunctionID
Hydrography
FTypeName
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
GIS in Water Resources ConsortiumArcGIS Hydro Data Model
CRWRCRWRCRWR
Drainage
DrainagePoint
JunctionID
DrainageArea
AreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID
DrainageFeature
DrainID
Catchment BasinWatershed
DrainageLine
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
Watersheds of the US
2-digit water resource regions 8-digit HUC watersheds
Watershed Hierarchy
8 HUC
4
2
6
EDNA
1012
Available In Progress
Digit #
Watershed Boundary Dataset
• National Program by USGS and USDA (NRCS)
• Boundaries for 10- and 12- digit watersheds
• First cut is by automated delineation from NED
• Hand checked and edited
10-digit watersheds
• National program by USGS and NWS
• 5000 cell threshold on a 30m DEM (~ 8 km2 average drainage area)
• ~ 1 million catchments for US when completed
• Includes grid derived products e.g. topmodel index
Elevation Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA
Area to Area Connectivity: SchematicLinks built using
NextDownID
GIS in Water Resources ConsortiumArcGIS Hydro Data Model
CRWRCRWRCRWR
Channel
CrossSection
CSCodeJunctionIDCSOriginProfileM
Object
ChannelFeature
ReachCodeRiverCode
CrossSectionPoint
CSCodeCrossMElevation
1
1..*
FTypeProfOrigin
ProfileLine
HydroFeature
HydroIDHydroCode
&&
&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&
&&
&&
&&&&
àÞ
&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&
&
#*#*#*#*
#*#*#*
#*#*#*
#*#*#*#*#*#*#*#* #*#*#*
#*#*#*
#*
#*#*
#*#*#*
#*
#*#*#*
#*#*#*#*
#*
#* #*
#*#*#*#*#* #*#*
#*
#*
#*
#*#*
#*
#*#*#* #* #* #*#*
#*#*
DrainageDrainageLine
& DrainagePoint
Watershed
HydrographyHydroLine
àÞ MonitoringPoint
& Structure
Waterbody
Network
HydroJunction
HydroEdge
SchematicLink
#* SchematicNode
Channel
<all other values>
FType
LeftBank
RightBank
Thalweg
CrossSection
Pecan Bayou: Flood Hydrology and Hydraulics Studyby David Anderson (CRWR)
David Anderson, 2000
Pecan Bayou: Data Development Process
TerrainModel
CRWR-PrePro
HEC-HMS
HEC-GeoRAS
HEC-RAS
FloodplainTerrain Model
Hydrology& Hydraulics
3-D Polyline Z Measure (m) and Elevation (z)
Values on Cross Sections
Channel Geometry using Arc Scene
Build a TriangulatedIrregular Network
(TIN)
Begin with ContoursExtract ProfileLines
and CrossSections
Demo
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
Time Series Objectives
• Store Metadata about each collection of time series values– What is measured– What units are used
• Display and store Time Series Views– Rainfall for Gage 1001010– All data between years 2000 and 2001
Time Series Classes
TimeSeries Attributes
• FeatureID – ID of spatial feature
• TSTypeID – Identifies TS properties
• TSDateTime - Timestamp
• TSValue - Value
• TSDesc – Property of particular record
TimeSeries ExampleFeatureID TSTypeID TSDateTime TSValue TSDesc
3000001 1 4/3/1976 13:00 697.33000001 1 4/3/1976 19:00 697.33000001 1 4/3/1976 23:48 697.43000001 1 4/4/1976 4:07 697.61000001 2 4/3/1976 13:00 32.31000001 2 4/3/1976 19:00 35.72000001 4 9/1/2001 0.52000001 4 9/2/2001 12000001 4 9/3/2001 1.12000001 4 9/4/2001 1.31000002 2 4/3/1976 13:00 108.91000002 2 4/3/1976 19:00 108.91000002 2 4/4/1976 1:00 115.7 IT1000002 2 4/4/1976 7:00 125.2
TSTypeInfo Attributes
• TSTypeID – Identifies a set of TS properties• Variable – What is being measured or recorded• Units – The units that the data values are in• IsRegular – Values spaced at regular or irregular
time intervals• TSInterval – Time interval between values (if
regular)• DataType – The type of time series data• Origin – Values recorded or generated
More on DateType
• Inst-Value
• Inst-Cumulative
• Step-Cumulative
• Step-Average
• Step-Maximum
• Step-Minimum
TSTypeInfo ExampleTSTypeID Variable Units IsRegular TSInterval DataType Origin
1 Stage ft - MSL FALSE Inst-Value Recorded2 Streamflow cfs TRUE 6Hour Inst-Value Recorded4 Rainfall in TRUE 6Hour Inst-Cumulative Recorded
FeatureID TSTypeID TSDateTime TSValue Descriptor3000001 1 4/3/1976 13:00 697.33000001 1 4/3/1976 19:00 697.33000001 1 4/3/1976 23:48 697.43000001 1 4/4/1976 4:07 697.61000001 2 4/3/1976 13:00 32.31000001 2 4/3/1976 19:00 35.72000001 4 9/1/2001 0.52000001 4 9/2/2001 12000001 4 9/3/2001 1.12000001 4 9/4/2001 1.31000002 2 4/3/1976 13:00 108.91000002 2 4/3/1976 19:00 108.91000002 2 4/4/1976 1:00 115.7 IT1000002 2 4/4/1976 7:00 125.2
Time Series Views
• Use Query Builder in ArcGIS– Save
– Load
• Provides Selective Views of Entire TS Table• Requires no extra functionality
Connecting to Time Series
HydroID
CrossSectionHydroPoint
DrainagePoint Junction
TimeSeries
Time
Flow
FeatureID of time seriesis HydroID of feature thetime series describes
FeatureID
National Water Information System (NWIS)http://water.usgs.gov
Web access to USGS water resources data in real time
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
• Design principles for the data model
• Data model components
• Time series
• Arc Hydro tools
Arc Hydro Tools
• Code development being done jointly by ESRI and CRWR
• Uses a standardized application framework for VB tools in ArcGIS
• Fills in standard attributes in Arc Hydro data model
• Will be published on GISWR web page and freely available
Application Framework
• Tool for developers
• Eases routine ArcGIS programming tasks
• Provides standard look and feel to applications
Anatomy of Code
Streamlining Routine Tasks
Vs.
User-Interface Capabilities
• Handles Basic Input/Output
• Reduces development time by up to 50%
• Provides a standard look and feel across different applications
Tool Updates
• “Repaired” NWIS tool (released)
• Improved accuracy of NextDownstream Tool (development)
• Added “Shortest Path to Sink” algorithm to LengthDownstream tool (development)
• Exercise on ArcHydroLite being presented in class next week.
Overview
• Introduction
• Conceptual Framework
• Subtyping of Time series
• Properties of Time series class
• Applications
Arc Hydro NWIS Application
• Custom Tool Retrieves NWIS Data
• Time Series Table Built Automatically
• Operates Within ArcMap GUI
Demo
ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
Flow
Time
Time Series
Hydrography
Network
Channel
Drainage
HydroFeatures
Open Architecture for Water Modeling
ProcessEngines
Interface 4Custom Designed
Interface 1ArcGIS
Interface 2Excel
Interface 3Hydrologic Model
Temporal DataGeospatial data
ArcGIS Interface to ModelLibHydro:An HEC-1subroutinelibrary convertedto a .dll
Interface written using VBA for ArcGIS
Excel Interface to Model
Interfaceconstructedusing VBA forExcel
Hydrologic Model
Hydrologic modelconstructed using with a Visual Basicinterface callsArcObjects toaccess Arc Hydrodata
Custom Interface e.g. Basins
Custom Interface(for several hydrologic models)
TIWSSTexas Integrated Water Simulation System
Arc Hydro
Geospatial and Temporal Data
HEC ModelsFlooding & Water Management
ModflowGroundwater
SWATWater Quality
WRAPWater Availability