Arch 381 Documentation

design pro ess

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presentation boards

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UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN AND PLANNING

DESIGN PROCESS

In August of 2014, Hugo Cabrera, a former KU architecture student, approached the KU School of Architecture, Design and Planning to see what interest, if any, architecture students from KU would have in assisting the Argentine Neighborhood Development Association (ANDA) in their planning efforts for the Argentine neighborhood in Kansas City, Kansas. With the support of Wyandotte County

o unit based design ethods

Commissioner Ann Brandau-Murguia, the architecture service-learning course Designing Sustainable Futures, lead by Professor Matt Kleinmann, developed proposals for two highway underpasses in the Argentine neighborhood.

The architecture students began the semester working together in three groups of four in a workshop format to research, design, and prototype concepts for how to approach the underpasses. Site visits with Hugo and Ann afforded the students opportunities to meet real 'clients' while simultaneously exploring case studies of what was possible by researching examples from around the country.

the highest form of sustainability is community ownership

Framed in the context of a complete streets and sustainable sites initiative, the goal of the class was to develop unique proposals for the Argentine Community that supported universal design goals of better site maintenance, drainage, and function. At the same time, the students were tasked to consider how the community might be invited into the process in order to foster designs that empowered

the Argentine neighborhood residents to re-imagine public spaces in their community. Rather than just organizing the designs around environmentally sustainable concepts, students were challenged to approach the project from a triple-bottom-line (environment, economic, and social) approach by understanding that the highest form of sustainability is community ownership.

The students employed different community engagement design methods, including the AEIOU Framework and Elito Method, to initially approach the design. They began by recording site conditions, then building physical models that represented the actual scale of the underpasses. They used their

observations in an objective manner to begin synthesizing real site constraints that they could respond to through design. Once their concepts were formalized, they were asked to visually represent their proposals through artistic renderings, physical models, and an overall project narrative. These proposals were refined through iterations and reviews with KU Architecture faculty.

Following their designs, the ANDA recommended both that the Argentine Neighborhood Association and the Wyandotte County Commissioners be presented with their work. The class took that as an opportunity to meet with local residents and better understand what issues considered in their designs were most relevant to them for their communities. Through the development of Community Engagement Tools, the students were able to develop frameworks for responses to be recorded, both quantitatively and qualitatively, in order to better represent the outcomes of the semester. Finally, their work was compiled into this document, of which they were asked to represent their semester in an accessible format for future consideration.

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DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE FUTURES UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN AND PLANNING

D E S I GN M E T H OD OL OGYargentine neighborhood underpass

One of the major issues introduced to the students was the concept of greater accessibility. The underpasses were dividing lines within the neighborhood, and with the new Walmart opened, accessibility to fresh food became a priority for the ANDA to support. The proposed master plan included bike lanes and public spaces for pedestrians to utilize, however the connection across the underpasses was still an obstacle, and was one the students were challenged to address with their designs. In keeping with the course's service-learning aspects, the goal was not so much to propose any one 'solution', but present the ANDA and the neighborhood with potential visions for a more sustainable (and in this case walkable) community.

a essibi it

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Observation Judgment Value Concept / Sketch Key Metaphor What did you see, read,or hear?Must be fact based(documented).

What is your opinion about the observation?Be clear: why does it matter?

What values are ultimately at work?What's at stake, what's motivating it?

How might a designer address this?Visualize a form that conveys its value.

What is the hook of the story?Tagline, something to refer back to.

Mo Family Demographics (Single Mothers)

Low SES indicators for users Cheaper housing, School, (Walmart)

Jack Dead End Sidewalk Impedes access, indicates lack of development Unnecessary, changing perception. (Child safety)

Lucinda Sliding Mud on the sidewalk

Potentially dangerous, erodes infrastructure Deferred maintenance (sustainability, improvement)

Tao Railroads / Cut off Landlocked. Cuts off resources to city amenities City development (Accessible resources nearby)

Chris Flooding / Water Management

More efficient (sustainable) ways. Accessibility Outdated system (no combined sewer, sustainability)

Jeshua Dog Park (informal amenities)

Public space, promotes healthiness. Personal interactions Necessary, not recognized formally (safe, public forum)

Falley Mothers under trees (Shade)

Protection, safety, public interaction, comfort Wait for kids (comfort, rest, social cohesion)

Marlee 1 Bus Stop on NW of site Access to transit, no other facilities. Demand? Difficult location (more transit opportunities)

Falley Lack of crosswalks Safety, protecting children, Car centric planning (community values, accessibility)

Jeshua Extended underpass infrastructure

Potential use, Width of highway / excess engineering. (existing opportunity)

Kevin Nodes but no landmarks Nothing to draw people through the area, places to linger Nothing there previously. (more social interactions. Guided pathway. Designed for)

Kevin Lack of visual aesthetic diversity

Inviting to community, visually stimulates, safer Design vs. Engineering (connect art to community. Provide community identity. Cultural history.)

LaTeisha Lack of artificial lighting in underpass

Night time safety, seasonal hours for school children Not SOP. Added cost. (more safe, more inviting, local identity)

Tao Upcoming Gas Station site

Economic development, increases car traffic (crosswalks?) Terrain. Proximity to highway. (proximity could be an asset. <could take away from public space. Food policies>)

Kevin Lack of seating (manhole)

No nodes. City might not want people there. (public space, community cohesion).

Marlee Slanted underpasses (south more so)

Floods sidewalks (stormwater management). Topography, cost? (slope as creative constraint).

Ryman Different conditions (N or S)

Character, different users Different parts of the city. School vs. major thoroughfare (exit/entrance vs underpass, different programmatic use).

AEIOU FrameworkWednesday, September 17, 2014 2:22 PM




































Following up on their AEIOU Frameworks, the students worked in class to develop a database of design prompts that were diagrammed and processed as an inventory for them to refer to throughout the semester. The goal of the diagrams was to clearly communicate in a visual manner complicated design challenges to which their proposals would hope to respond, grounded in reality.

Upon initial site visits, students were asked to document their expereinces in an objective manner by collecting their 'AEIOU' data and sharing it in class sessions. The goal of the AEIOU process is to take concrete measures of reality and begin to understand their importance and ways in which to respond through diagramming the issues and providing clear concepts with which to address the particular issue.

ACTIVITIESENVIRONMENTSOBJECTSUSERSINTERACTIONS

e ito ethod

aeiou ra e or

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obser ation udg ent a ue

the sidewalk ends abruptly

What did you see or hear?Based upon facts

What is your opinion on it?Why does it matter?

What's at stake?What's motivating this condition?

it impedes access and may indicate a lack of development

it creates an unsafe perception, especially for kids.




































s et h the onstraint

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We began our semester with a visit to the North of Argentine, Kansas where we were greeted by our guide Hugo Cabrera, a local architect and board member of the Argentine Neighborhood Development Association, Hugo provided us with his insight into the neighborhood and how growing up in the city and his experiences made him want to better his community and give back as an architect.

site isit

PHYSICAL MODELS

Upon visiting the site, we encountered a sidewalk that abruptly ended and picked back up on the other side of the underpass.

Hugo described the problems he's noticed; dead-end sidewalks, muddy embankments, and the lack of lighting under or around the underpass. As we continued to walk and examine the decaying space under the bridge, we saw the dangers of the narrow streets, unexpected closeness and no visible crosswalks. As our class crossed the street to a back road to the south underpass, Hugo explained how the immediate area was unused and caused continuous problems throughout the years.

The end of the road met a busy street where drivers were getting off of the

demonstrating safety, lighting and sustainability could be helpful to respond positively to conflicts.

highway, with no crosswalks and one stop sign. As we followed Hugo down the slope to the underpass he told us about how all of the neighborhood children walked through the underpass despite the lack of perceived safety from automobiles.

The runoff sloped onto the sidewalk and the underpass was poorly lit. During the rainy and snowy seasons most of the

residents have to walk up the slippery slope to stay away from the street. At the end of our tour Hugo gave more details of common problems around Argentine and how demonstrating safety, lighting and sustainability could be helpful to respond positively to conflicts.

After touring the site as a class we went to the north and south underpasses and started to take measurements of the components that we would be using in inputting into our digital models. As a class, we were divided into three groups of four and organized by categories of: research, drawing, graphics, and building. During our digital modeling with Sketch Up we used the exact measurements of the bridge and topography; after

getting the underpasses built we scaled the measurements to a 1/4 scale.

With the Sketch Up model, we were able to scale down to a workable size that let groups show their main ideas and structures. The underpass structure was constructed separately in pieces so that it could be cut using a laser cutter with chipboard. Once the pieces were cut and

cleaned we constructed the models step by step to create scaled underpass models.

Once our models were constructed and sized correctly, we included some of our main ideas to showcase our designs in a tangible way. All the groups incorporated lighting into the models to demonstrate real life environmental graphics. With the ability to physically touch and see the model in presentations, they expressed a representation of the real thing.

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PH Y SI C A L M OD E L Sargentine neighborhood underpass

orth and outh rgentine nderpassesAs the class continued the tour we were able to see how over the years with continuous runoff and no maintenance of the underpass that it was starting to decay. On the south-side underpass we saw more soil erosion, which the neighborhood children have to pass everyday to walk to school.

Sketches were made with exact dimensions that were measured by hand so that the class could recreate the underpass and surrounding topography with digital modeling tools.

Sketch Up software was used to match the digital models to exact measurements from the site. Linework was exported down to 1/4 in. = 1'-0" for drawings to be sent to the laser cutter.

All groups were instructed to use the laser cutter to make the models and construct them mainly from chipboard and MDF wood. The laser cutter became a very useful tool over time to help piece together our models in sections.

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mid-review design critique of group ideas

and models with ku architecture

professors

final design presentation with county

commissioner ann brandau-murguia

and other anda board members

neighborhood presentation

using community engagement tools

and physical models with the argentine

neighborhood assoc.

model photographs

highlighting the underpass designs

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group

group group

Over the course of the semester, we learned many things, including Sketch Up and group presentation skills. Throughout the semester, representing our ideas has become increasingly important. The models served as necessary tools in our presentations; not only were we able to show our ideas, but the viewers could also better understand the design intent. The strength of our presentations benefited from the model's ability to realistically demonstrate sustainable concepts.

on usion

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PRE SE N T A T I ON B OA RD Sargentine neighborhood underpass

RAILROAD ART CAPSULE

Our site is located in the Argentine neighborhood of Kansas City, Kansas. This low-income area is landlocked between a major highway and “the second largest rail yard in the country; second only to Chicago”.

-Anne Murguia.

The north underpass is a crucial connecting point for the East Argentine Neighborhood and local businesses.

LOCATION

PUBLIC ART SPACE SIDEWALK

To encourage community engagement, our design allows for a public art space that is capsulated beneath the underpass. This space will provide shelter from the elements, lighting, and seating in a safe and artistic environment.

Local school children will be able to paint or draw their own works of art and hang them on the railroad art display.

The current sidewal is unfinished so we propose a walkway that splits into two paths. One path will be for pedestrian traffic while the other path will allow for slow movement through the art space.

Both will be connected to the original unfinished sidewal .

“Our intention is to design a capsule of space in this community in which people become involved with local art, take pride in Argentine’s rich railroad history, and feel a sense of security while exploring their own hometown.” -Group CTRL

Chris DixonTao XingzheRyman KinneyLucinda LaCour

ARGENTINE, KANSAS CITY

BIKE LANE WATER MANAGMENT

A generous 5 ft. bike lane will be highlighted in green to allow for safety and comfort while biking.

A bike rack will be provided so that people can stop, park, and enjoy the art.

LIGHTINGLighting will come from the ceiling rail ties. They will be LED lights that are energy efficient and customizable.

15’

7’

7’

65’

SEATINGSeating will be comprised of reclaimed rail ties.

PUBLIC ARTArt will be provided by local school children.

Water management will be based on a low impact design. Natural sloping terrain will corral excess water into a landscaped rock garden. This will slow the flow of the water before it enters the road and walkway. The rock garden will act as a swale to store excess water in times of heavy rain to prevent flooding and mud buildup.

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Plug-and-PlayBy LaTeisha, Falley, Moe, and Kevin

Location: Argentine Kansas City, KansasUnderpass: On Ruby Ave.Main Purpose: Middle school and neighbor hood connector, on and off ramp from highwayMission Statement: To provide a safe and inviting passage for school students and other residents.

Light and Safety

Lighting the space will be a key saftey feature. Depending on the weather or the time of year, the existing space is very dark and uninviting. By adding simple lights to the top of the columns, it will provide a safe and lit walkway for students.

To make the plexiglass wall more noticeable, we added LED lights to the bottom of the wall. The lights on the ground will bring attention to the height of an average student. This will give drivers more awareness of students and overall provide more safety.

To give the pedestrians more safety, we provided a plexiglass wall as a buffer between the walk ways and the cars. To bring the scale of the underpass down to human size, we designed the wall to be four feet tall. This will also bring the drivers attention to the level of the students without blocking their view.

In order to make this space a safe walk for the students, there should be a school zone si wit a as i li t. t wo ld o l o erate during the hours in which the students are walking to and from school. This is an easy a d effe tive wa to war t e traffi of t e area that there are school kids in the area.

Art and Community

To give the space a more social and artistic aspect, we’ve designed a “plug-in” art system. By using tiles in a grid like system it gives plenty of possibilities for the art that is displayed. The students could get involved and put up their own artwork, or one bigmural could be designed by a single artist.

The existing sidewalk is two feet wide, which is not very much room. In order t provide more space, we suggest extending the sidewalk to five feet wide. Also we added a “boardwalk”walk way behind the columns. This gives a more playful feel to the space as well as seating that was not previously present.

By using an aluminum grid structure, the system would be weather proof and could be used year round. This also gives the freedom to change the art whenever deemed necessary. This will also provide a social aspect to the space for everyone to enjoy.

By elevation the second walkway, it gives a better route to take during the rainy season. The retaining wall on the ramp will also help move the water away from the underpass and to the other side of the street, where there is lower terrain to drain the water properly.

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UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN AND PLANNINGDESIGNING SUSTAINABLE FUTURES

argentine neighborhood underpass

In keeping with the notion that design can invite the participation of a community into the process, the students were next tasked to provide creative avenues for area residents to provide input that could be clearly defined. Rather than a traditional planning or architectural community engagement process, the goal of this exercise was for students to realize that by constructing their community engagement tools as educational resources that were both fun and interactive, they could elicit much greater responses than projects such as this usually receive. By giving voice to the community through design, their intent was to demonstrate both quantitative and qualitative metrics in order to document the tacit knowledge and desires of the community, through which future projects might build upon.

pro iding a ra e or

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Community engagement workshops are essential tools for any designer, architect, or builder. To address the needs of actual users, designers need to work with the community around them in order to better understand them. Meeting with the Argentine Neighborhood Association in Kansas City, KS, it was important for us to speak with the community and get feedback through community engagement framework tools (CETs).

apping argentine

COMMUNITY MAPPING

These tools helped us communicate with everyone who wanted their voice heard.Our CET method is a type of "Behavioral Mapping". Behavioral Mapping is used to observe actions of people in the area. We took this idea and modified it to help us better understand Argentine. We wanted to know where there was a need for crosswalks, sidewalks, environmental improvements, lighting, and public social spaces. In order to get quality information from the community, we took a big map of Argentine and four icons representing the issues we wanted the community to focus on and identify where needs could be addressed. By meeting with the community and seeing where they put the icons, we

people correlated safety to quality sidewalks and more crosswalks.

were also able to talk with them and have small conversations on what they meant or intended using the map and pins.

What we found is that people correlated safety to quality sidewalks and more crosswalks. The community would like to see more sidewalks and see improvements on the sidewalks than they already have. Having more crosswalks around would make it safer for people to cross busy

streets without fear of cars being an issue. Some would like to see overall environmental improvements around the area, like cleaning up shrubbery and tree limbs. For public amenities, some would like to see more seating around bus stops and schools because a lot of people wait around those areas.

Overall, our community engagement workshop was a success in that it helped us get a better sense of the Argentine community and what concerns they had for their city.

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C OM M UN I T Y M A PPI N Gargentine neighborhood underpass

The hammer and screwdriver icon symbolizes Environmental Improvements. Most people when shown this took it to mean fixing roads, trimming trees, adding trees/shrubbery, and other things similar to those.

The park bench icon symbolizes Public Amenities. This could be a social space, or simply a few benches for people to sit, relax, and gather. Citizens seem to like the idea of more social spaces around the Argentine area.

The light bulb icon represents Creative Lighting. People were encouraged to place these where they felt that there was a dark area in need of light. This could be simple street lights to creative sidewalk lighting.

The Crosswalk icon represents safety. It was placed anywhere the residents felt the need for crosswalks or sidewalks mostly. Some citizens expressed concern about the already existing sidewalks.

en iron enta i pro e ents reati e ighting

ross a s side a s pub i a enities

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parti ipator design through apping

Community members identified their neighborhoods and pointed to what was important to them.

Parents of the school children explain where crosswalks would be the most utilized for the kids.

Community members discuss their ideas about how they would include more lighting to the area.

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seating

Area between South 44th and South 41 street near Metropolitan Ave.

side a s ross a s

South 38th Street From Powell Ave to Metropolitan Ave.

en iron enta i pro e ents

35th Street between Metropolitan Ave and Powell Ave.

ighting

Clopper Field Park near South 34th Street

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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSISWeighted Matrix: referred to as "Budget Board", it was used to identify what the Argentine community valued highest out of a pre-selected set of visuals. What an adjusted-weighted matrix does is use the data gathered from participants placing a set of 5 different numbered values given into their desired concept(s).Then calculate the results and graph what the community wanted most.

oo s sed

The adjusted-weighted matrix is effective in this context because it effectively engages each resident to prioritize their most valued concept. The results collected from the tool can be transfered into a easy to read graph for later reference.

the main priority of residents was found to be "improving the safety of public spaces"

The graffiti board is an effective community engagement tool because of its simple design and deployment reversibility in any room or context. Thus documenting any practical ideas the community has in a safe and relaxed form can be achieved.

Non-Weighted Matrix: outlined specific design elements pertaining to the Argentine underpasses. By placing one sticker every participant receives into each category we find which element is favored most out of all displayed.

The following 2 pages provide the results gathered, where each rectangle represents one vote and the number of votes received.

Graffiti Board: gave residents an open canvas to freely write or comment on a particular topic, i.e. their favorite existing place in Argentine, and anything they thought could be improved physically. What this did was casually and qualitatively display the thoughts and ideas of residents anonymously.

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Q UA N T I T A T I V E A N A L Y S I Sargentine neighborhood underpass

Colored LED

Colored Lighting

Simple LED

Normal Lighting

hat ighting st e is the ost isua appea ing to ou

hat or o transportation is ost i portant to ou

Bus Stops

Guarded Bike Lanes

Colored Bike Lanes

Crosswalks

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1 2 4 53

Plexi Glass Wall

Art Galleries

Community

Art Project

Murals

hat or o art insta ations ou d ou see being su ess u

hat or o sustainabi it is ost interesting to ou

1 2 4 53

Solar Panels

Wind Turbines

Water Management

Systems

Recycling Programs

1 2 4 53

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Through the use of sticky notes, residents placed their thoughts in the allocated spaces of the board.

After collection and review, the community indicated an appreciation for their new library and parks the most, as well as showing a great deal of interest in public space for the area.

As we talked to them, they also showed a concern about safety in the area. As multiple residents responded with the same answer, one can see clear preferences.

ne south bran h ibrar

e erson par

a art

ega par

rub par

stee d

i es

a orite part o argentine is

A majority of the responses from the community sought improvements in public spaces like parks, playgrounds, etc.

They also want to see the neighborhood attain more commercial development. Residents showed a very positive attitude towards its overall future development and quality of life.

Based on the responses from the representing residents, building or better management of existing building stock and preventative maintenance means community improvement.

i ou d i e to see argentine i pro e upon

i pro e ents

genera par i pro e ents

ore restaurants

ore businesses

i ing e pt bui dings

ore p a grounds

ni er housing

8

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udget board in a tion

We chose to use a weighted matrix to collect data on how the community valued certain aspects of sustainability based upon our proposed projects. We found that Wyandotte County spent over

29%

21%18%

16%

16%

Chart Title

Safety

Visually Apealling

Community Space

Acessibility

Environmentally Friendly

esu ts

We gave everyone at the Argentine community '$1 million' in paper money. The money was created in five different denominations, 100k, 150k, 200k, 250k, and 300k. There were no restrictions on the amount of money per category which allowed the community members to weight each category with their desired amount.

We found that 'Safety' was the most important aspect with about $6.9 million dollars being allotted. What we personally found interesting was how highly the community weighted Visually Appealing. They allotted about 29% of the total $60 million to the category. What was also interesting was the very close weight of 'Accessibility' and 'Environmentally Friendliness', with only a $50,000 difference between the two.

a et

i ion

isua ppea ing

i iono unit pa e

i ion

essibi it

i ion

n iron enta riend

i ion

(Above) Our Budget Board

(Below) Residents spending their $1 million dollars each

$60 million on Public Works in 2013. This process was utilized to allow the citizens of Argentine to spend that money on the community features that they felt were most important.

Environment

Accessibility

Community Space

Visually Appealing

Safety

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Community engagement tools are an important element to the design process because they connect the designer with the user on an empathetic level. If the designer is able to engage the community in a transparent, open, and inviting environment, then they will be able to

We utilized white boards with prompts to enable community member's voices to be heard.

better design a space to serve their needs. Often, it is easier said than done engaging members of an audience to voice what they want to see in a design context, where people sometimes have trouble conveying their desires with words or need a push to express their thoughts. With this in mind, our group decided on photographic documentation as our Community Engagement Tool. This involved us photographing each team's presentation, the audiences' reactions, and the community engagement tools.

As a prompt, we wrote brief questions on dry erase boards and had the community members write down their responses and have their photos taken. We wanted to gain qualitative data that would capture their physical and emotional responses to our designs. This form of CET is also called "Design

Sometimes people have trouble conveying their desires with words or need a push to express their thoughts.

Ethnography," which is the study of people in their natural settings in order to better understand the users, their lives, their language, and their behavior. We used photography as our study tool, as well as informal interviews through the community question boards.

We ran into a few obstacles throughout the process, such as community members feeling camera shy or not knowing how to best answer certain questions. For future recommendation, questions should have a clear framework and be less open ended in order to better gauge responses.

Overall, we felt successful in our documentation of the community meeting. We received plenty of positive responses to our designs and were able to capture many moments from the entire meeting. Some qualities that community members valued the most were safety, inclusion, and a feeling of communal connection to their neighbors. Through this process, we gained a better understanding of the Argentine community and their desires. This is a positive element to the future of our designs.

DOCUMENTATION

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D OC UM E N T A T I ONargentine neighborhood underpass

Documentation is a crucial element in the community engagement design process. It is a way of visually representing the opinions of the community. For our community engagement tool, we chose to document both the opinions of the participants as well as the participants themselves.

We did this by encouraging participants to write out their opinions on one of our community question boards. They were then asked to pose for a photograph.

This process recorded their opinion while providing important qualitiative data. In addition to this, the process also broke down the barrier between designers and the community. By representing the community visually, it allows for an emotional connection between designers and communities.

do u entation pro ess

Participants chose a community question board from the following to answer.

"To me, sustainability means...""To me, the underpass serves as...""To me, community means...""What does my community mean to me?""What does my community mean to me?"

Community members wrote their answers on the board.

Photographs were taken of each participant holding their board.

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"safe place to walk, shop enjoy

the parks."

"family oriented friendly people ."

"friendly neighbors, safety,

communication, cleanliness."

hat does

o unit ean to e

hat does o unit ean to e

"family, friends, fun, fellowship, and enjoyment."

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hat does o unit ean to e

"Our home."to e o unit eans

"I was born and raised in argentine. It's a good community for business and raising a family!"

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GROUPSargentine neighborhood underpass

Lucinda LaCourTao XingzheChris DixonRyman Kinney

Jeshua MonarresYuCheng LongJack JoersMarlee Schuld

LaTeisha LeeKevin HundeltMoe AlsinanJordan Falley

group

group

group

LaTeisha LeeJordan FalleyRyman KinneyYuCheng Long

Tao XingzheChris DixonJack JoersKevin Hundelt

Marlee SchuldLucinda LaCourJeshua MonarresMoe Alsinan

o unit apping

uantitati e ana sis

do u entation

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