5. 400-323BCE

Late Classical Period

4. 450-400BCE

High Classical Period

74. 479 BCE year of the last battle of the Persian war thatseparates Archaic style to early classical

75. 480 BCE year that the persians burned temples in Attica,The battle of salamis (Xerxes watches the defeatof his own fleet)

3. 480-450BCE

Early Classical Period

2. 700-480BCE

Early Archaic and High Archaic

1. 1000-700BCE

Protogeometic and Geometric Period

20. 1200 BCE date Pylos, the Palace of Nestar was destroyed

52. 1200-1100BCE

date of destruction of Mycenean Civilization;unclear of who did it

39. abacus on top of echinus; square top of capital, in Doricand Ionic orders, but different sizes

106. acropolis literally "top of the city"; the natural citadel of agreek city that served as a fortification orreligious center

53. the Aegeanin the IronAge

extensive depopulation occurred; number ofsettlements dropped, poverty, absence ofmonumental construction, no evidence of trade,no clay tablets with Linear B script

33. agros city centers

10. Akrotri where wall paintings were found including theShip Fresco - inhabitants left before volcaniceruption

26. amphoras a shape on pots with narrow mouth and twovertical handles

68. apotropaic that which turns around evil

98. archaicstyle

a style in early Greek art marked by increasednaturalism, seen especially in the periods twopredominant sculptural types, kouros and kore

19. Arteus the father of Agamemnon

91. ArthurEvans

british; went to Crete and excavated Knossosand found a complex covering 5 acres

28. aryballos commons hape in Protocorithian pottery, a tinytear-shaped or round flask for perfumed oil

54. Attica territory Greece comes to occupy; mountainsand huge coastlines, agricultural plains

88. baroquestyle

exaggerated motion in reliefs such as the GreatAltar, where their movements are telling thestory, and no background

99. black figure a style in greek pottery decorationcomposed of black figures against a redbackground

34. boustrophedon line of words written in alternatingdirections, an accepted choice in Greekwriting

95. bronze age used bronze to make things; before theiron age, had greek spoken word andwritten word, trade and buildings

17. Carl Blegan American archaeologist; associated Pyloswith Nestar (from the Illiad and Odyssey);therefore naming the palace in Pylos - thePalace of Nestar

73. caryatids women statues in place of columns

24. cella main room in a temple; where cult statue is

55. centaur

Greeks invented creatures; half man, halfhorse

58. chiton linen

92. corbelconstruction

a relieving triangle that lessens the weightof the stones which would otherwise beright over the door

100. corinthianorder

the most elaborate of the greekarchitectural orders distinguished by acapital decorated with acanthus leaves

Archaeology - Test 3Study online at quizlet.com/_9nnd4

46. cornice top element of entablature; forms the eavesalong the sides of the building

48. cycladicislands

island named for bicycle because circulararrangement of islands; no writing here;where cycladic figurines were found

93. cyclopeanmasonry

style of building, meaning built by bigcyclopses; walls made of huge blocks ofrough-hewn stone; so called because ofmyth that a race of monsters known as theCyclopes built them

96. dionysos god of wine

71. doric order the oldest and simplest of the Greekarchitectural orders characterized by a heavycolumn that stands directly on a temple'sstylobate

15. dromos entranceway

38. echinus round, with flat top above column on theDoric order with abacus on top

41. entablature upper section of a temple

42. epistyle rests on columns, part of entablature, leftplain in Doric order, carved with horizontalbands in Ionic order

35. euthynetheria leveling course at the base of a temple

101. faience a type of earthenware ceramic decoratedwith glazes

43. fasciae three progressively projecting horizontalbands on epistyle; Ionic order

37. fluting concave groves on columns

51. fortificationwall of TroyIV

with ramp of Troy II: dates to second city ofTroy (2400-2100 BCE); find "Priam'streasure"

102. geometricstyle

a style of early Greek ceramics characterizedby circles, rectangles, and trianglesarranged in parallel bands

83. the grandstaircase

multi-storied, all connected, large opencentral court, throne room, stone floors andbenches, griffins(bird headed felines)painted on the walls

11. HeinrichSchliemann

English archaeologist; excavated Mycenaeafter searching to prove his childhooddream that the Trojan War had historicaltruth; excavated inside the Lion's Gate

90. hellas greek word for greece

86. hellinistic spread of Greek culture to distant lands

97. hephaistos son of Hera, disformed and thrown off ofolympus, makes Hera a golden throne thatshe can't get out of. dionysos asks him todrink wine and takes him to olympus torelease Hera

25. heroon a tomb or shrine commemorating a hero; a manof larger-than-life qualities

29. hoplites armies of citizen infantrymen

21. hoyuk an artificial mound consisting of the remains ofsuccessive layers of human habitation; Troy is anexample of one

30. in antis columns aligned between the ends of a pair ofwalls

56. incisions lines are scratched through paint before pottery isfired

103. Ionicorder

one of the Greek architectural orderscharacterized by columns either of caryatids or

with scrolled capitals

94. iron age used iron to make tools and weapons; extensivedepopulation and poverty from the absence ofgreat building, nothing monumental, also notrade, illiteracy, due to a disaster? aka the DarkAge of Greece

112. kace "beautiful girl"

105. kore

a freestanding sculpture of a standing maiden

104. kouros

a freestanding sculpture of a nude male youth

27. kraters pots with perforated bases or bottoms to allowliquid offerings and rainwater to trickle intothe ground

89. TheLaocoon

scultptors: hagesandros, Polydoros, andAthanadoros of Rhodes; found in Rome in

1506; priest knows not to trust Greeks, so hethrows the spear at the Trojan horse, but twoserpents come out of the water and kill him

and his two sons (depicted)

60. lost waxprocess

process used to make large bronze statues;used core of clay, cover in wax, put rods in,more clay, furnise - and put bronze where waxwas (its lost! )

7. lustralbasin

space sunk below the floor of the main room -used as a bathroom

85. macedonianphalanx

new military weapons, including long pike(12-15 ft long), did not need heavy bodyarmor, fought in formation called this; duringtime of Philip II

84. mausoleum tomb constructed for ruler of Halikarnassos;meaning any high official's above groundtomb

82. Mausolus ruler of Halikarnassos

18. megaron word used in Homer to denote the great hall

45. metopes plain spaces on frieze; Doric order

6. Minotaur half man, half bull; child of Pasiphal (Mino'swife) and bull; consummed 14 girls and boysannually until slayed

107. naturalism a style in art that seeks to represent forms,including the human body, as they appearin nature

113. olympia sanctuary of zeus, where the olympicsstarted

70. opisthodomos room at back of a temple, making buildingsymmetrical

49. The palace ofminos

Arthur Evans (british archaeologist)uncovers this huge complex, over 5 acres;name is from legend; seems maze-like inplan (like labyrinth)

108. pantheon all the gods as a group

47. pediment

the broad triangular space formed by thesloping roof of a temple

78. ThePeloponnesianWar

431-404 BCE; Athens v. Sparta; Athens isfinally defeated, marking the end of thehigh classical period

59. peplos wool

76. Pericles statesman that promotes the buildingprogram:The Acropolis of AthensThe ParthenonThe PropylaiaThe ErechtheionThe Temple of Athena Nike

80. Phryne mistress of Praxiteles, model of Aphroditeof Knidos

61. piece casting if each piece of a bronze sculpture is madeseparately and then welded together

8. pithoi large, clay jars; used to store olive oil, grainand lentils

23. polis meaning city-state in Greek

66. Polykrates tyrant of Samos; 535-522 BCE; doesn'twant to share power with other royalfamilies; kills one brother, the other flees

79. Praxiteles he built The Aphrodite of Knidos (onenaked, one clothed); Phryne is mistress

69. pronaos opening of a temple

31. propylon formal gateway on a sanctuary

81. proskene platform where actors would perform; stage

109. red figure a style in greek pottery decoration composed of_____ ______s against a black background

77. refinement upward curvature of steps and stylobate effectscolumns; intended to over come natural opticalillusions

16. relievingtriangle

triangular space above the lintels is left emptyto relieve pressure

13. repousse the technique of making an image in relief bydelicately hammering the metal sheet from theback

12. rhyton ceremonial drinking cup with pointed bottom

72. sanctuaryof apollo

located in Delphi; wall located around it, notsupposed to enter if bad; believed top ofmountain was sacred to Apollo; had theatreand held games; buried but found by Frencharchaeologist

32. stoa

long, narrow building with long end openedwith row of columns; well illuminated, well

ventilated, roof provides protection

110. stylobate the top step of the raised platform of a temple

36. stylobate three steps above the euthynetheria, uppermostcalled this

111. symposium in ancient greece, a gathering of men initiallyfor the purpose of sharing poetry, food, andwine

62. Temple ofHera I

temple in Samos; 800-750 BCE; dimensions:20x110 ft; short end is opened, three supportsystems; no standing architecture (proved byfoundations); supports straight down themiddle and at the end

63. Temple ofHera II

replicated the first temple in Samos; 700-650BCE? found out date through pottery; columnssupport at side

64. Temple ofHera III

temple in Samos, 600-575 BCE; doesn't lastthat long, was burnt down; two rows ofcolumns

65. Temple ofHera IV

only surviving temple of Hera; three rows ofcolumns

87. tesserae blocks broken into squares to use for mosaics

9. Thera volcanic activity caused the center of thisisland to collapse into the sea

14. tholos Greek word; in the Mycenean world meansround, dome-shaped tombs build of fieldstone orexceptionally well-cut stone, laid in thecorbelling effect and buried

50. treasury ofatreus

in Mycenae, not a treasury but a tomb, longwalls leading to doorway with relieving stone

(used to have relief); enormous circularchamber; corbel vaulting

44. triglyphs vertically grooved pieces that project from thesurface alternate the metopes; Doric order

67. tunnel ofeuphalinos

tunnel with digging through both ends, solidrock - curve where they meet; has channel forwater pipe: 16 ft deep, through mountain

40. volute upside down scroll above column with thinabacus on top; Ionic order

57. whitegroundtechnique

type of style; expensive technique, used whitepaint for background

22. WilhelmDorpfeld

Schliemann's assistant who later took on hiswork, and clarified the sequences of troy in the1890s