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http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth4web/05troygold.jpg.
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Minoans + Mycenaeans =The Greeks
Origins of the Greeks: Minoans &
Mycenaeans 2800 B.C.E. - 1500 B.C.E.
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Minoans(2800-1400 BCE)
Lived on island of CreteExisted during Egypt·s Old KingdomGovernment: Priest-kings
Religion: PolytheistsCities NOT surrounded by wallsShip Builders & TradersFarmingFishing
Overpowered by Mycenaeans by1400 BCE
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg.
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Minoan Art
Sculptures, Pottery, andFrescoes
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Minoans created and traded pottery, leather, bronze armor, and metal jewelry. They also enjoyed sports such as boxing and bull leaping.
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg
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Minoan Fresco at the Palace of Knossos
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth.html.
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Minoan fresco:Prince of Knossos
http://www.graeco-roman.com/items/G4310.htm
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Minoan Religion
PolytheistsMain god: Great Goddess, MotherEarth)
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Minoan ReligionBuilt shrines on housetops, hilltops, and incaves ² Why hilltops? ² Why caves?
Offerings included: ² Human hair
² fruit ² flowers ² jewels ² gold
Mother Earth
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The fall of Minoan civilization is described in the legendary
fight of Theseus, a young Greek prince and the Minotaur.
R elief Sculpture of Theseus and defeated Minotaur http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/Myth3web/05atheseusmincan.jpg
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Mycenaeans(2000 - 900 BCE) Lower Greece (lowlands)
Built fortress-palaces on hilltopsEngaged in farming, herding, olivegrowing.Traded: gold & bronzeLearned from Minoans:Shipbuilding, navigation, gold &bronze work, fashions, art, writing.Better warriors than traders(pirates)Became most powerful people in
Aegean world by 1400 BCETrojan War (1200s BCE)Conquered by Dorians (late1200·s)
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The ´Dark Ageµ (1100 -800 BCE)Civil wars broke outfollowing Trojan WarDorians conqueredMycenaeansAegean world beganera of ´wandering andkillingµ
Independentcommunitiesdeveloped
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/myth4web/05troygold.jpg
Layered view of nine major settlements of Troy by Christopher Haussner based on archaelogicalexcavation.
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Greek City-States (700 - 338 BCE)
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Greek City-States
The Hellenes, or Greeks emerge from the Dark AgeThe Polis, or city-state was the center of Greek life
Polis structure: ² Acropolis (fortified hill) ² Agora (marketplace at foot of acropolis) ² Polis included homes, farming villages, fields, and
orchards http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/athens/acropolis.html
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Greek Civics and PoliticsCivic and personal honor is one and the sameThe Polis (city-state) is above everything else
Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995 .
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A New GovernmentSolon created 1stConstitution (594 BCE)
² Set of principles andrules for governing
Purpose: To endoligarchy and to
prevent uprisingagainst governmentby middle and lowerclass
http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/athens/images/07.017.JPG
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The FirstDemocratic Constitution
Created by Cleisthenes in 508BCE (lasted 300 yrs.)Limits power of rich & landownershipAll male landowners could voteAll debts were erasedAll enslaved due to debt, werefreedAll Athenians became citizensand able to participate ingovernmentAssembly created to make laws
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_2.shtml
R epresentation of Cleisthenes
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The Athenian Government Structure
AssemblyElected by Athenian males
over the age of 20; Served 1 year Made laws
Ten GeneralsElected by AssemblyRun Army and Navy
Coucil of Five HundredServed 2 years
Chosen by lot among citizensHandled daily business of Athens
Pericles
Commander-in-Chief Selected by the elected ten generals
http://norfacad.pvt.k12.va.us/project/pericles/Pericles.htm
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Greek Religion
The most popular priestess was a priestess in the temple of Delphi.The Delphi was the center of the world for Greeks.
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/27delphiview.jpg
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Gods with human qualities
(anthropomorphism)
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/mythslides1.html
PoseidenThe Courtship of Venus and Mars Aphrodite
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Greek Theater
Began during festivalshonoring the godDionysus (600 BCE)Types of Plays ² Tragedies
AeschylusSophoclesEuripides
² ComediesOnly men could act inplaysA civic responsibility
http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~tjmoore/mythslides1/28feastofgods.jpg
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The Great Greek PhilosophersSocratesPlato
Aristotle
http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/PHIL/cpshelle/Gallery/Greek/aristotle.jpg
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Socrates (469-399 BCE)Stonemason, spenttime arguing withassembly
Taught: Questioneverything, use step-by-step questioning tofinal conclusion
(Socaratic Method)Executed for denyinggods, corrupting youth, and trying to
overthrow gov.
Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995
http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/
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Plato (427-347 BCE)Pupil of SocratesRecorded speeches of
SocratesFather of PoliticalScienceFounded The Academyto train governmentleadersWrote The Republic &
The Dialogueshttp://plato. evansville .edu/
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Aristotle (384-322 BCE)Pupil of Plato at The
Academy
Trained in Medicine´Master of Them ThatKnowµFirst to classify plants& animalsDeveloped final stepsin scientific method
(Hypothesis and Test)
Plato Aristotlehttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html