Date post: | 29-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | rafe-gilbert |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Archipelago located in S.E. Asia
85 % Mountains not suited for agriculture (Terrace Farming)High population sustained by Rich Fishing groundsImports resources for Industry
• Japanese Religion
• “The Way of the Gods”• Kami-Spirit contained
in all living and non-living things
• Worship of nature (similar to animism)
• Kabuki Theater- violent emotional drama
• Sumo Wrestling
• Homogeneous People, have retained much of their traditional life, although modernized as well
• Haiku- Short poem of only 17 syllables
• Heavily influenced by Chinese through Korea (Literature calligraphy, architecture, Buddhism)
• Japanese took Chinese culture and adapted it to create their own unique culture (Isolation)
•Power rested in hands of Warriors Rigid Class Structure
•Code of Bushido-code of conduct for warrior Samurai (Chivalry)
Emperor
Shogun (actual ruler)Daimyo(land owners)
Samurai (Warriors)Peasants, Merchants, Artisans
last of the military dynastiesBanned contact w/ foreigners, forbade missionaries to enter Japan (Isolation)
•Commodore Perry opens Japan to American Ships & trade (1853)
•Treaty of Kanagawa opened ports to trade
Modernization and westernization of Japan
•Eliminated Feudalism
•Built political, military and economic strength
•Stressed Education
Industrialization lead to Imperialism
Sino- Japanese War-(1894-1895) war w/ China. Japan gains Formosa and a Sphere of influence in Korea
Russo- Japanese War- (1904-1905) Fought with Russia over control of Korea.
Russia is defeated
WWI-Japan joins war on side of Allies. Seizes German areas in China. Becomes major power in Asia
Imperialism- Japan seizes parts of China and islands in the Pacific
WWII- Rome/Tokyo/ Berlin Axis, is defeated after atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
US Occupation After WWII
Under the leadership of Gen. Macarthur
Japans is transformed into a Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament known as the Diet.
Woman receive equal rights.
Democratic System of Government- Parliament
Education-Highly educated. Literacy rate of 99%
Economy-Highly industrialized
• Central Asia 1200’sNomadic Herders and Warriors• Genghis Khan-Conquered most of
Asia from Korea• Invaded E. Europe and Russia
• Pax Mongolia-period of trade and the exchange of goods between the East and West
• Marco Polo- an Italian merchant traveled to court of Kublai Khan
• Kublai Khan conquered China
Controlled Korea, Tibet, and parts of Vietnam
• He called the dynasty Yuan Dynasty
ChinaAncient Times
through Today
CausesResentment of foreign control (Spheres of Influence)The need for modernization (Factories, Education, Military)Nationalist movements
China’s Geography• Population: 1 billion
• Mountains: Himalayas
• Rivers: Yangtze and Yellow (Huang He)
• Desert: Gobi
• Ocean: Pacific
• Natural barriers (mountain, rivers, oceans, deserts)
• Lack of outside contact (Isolation)
• They believed they were the center of the universe
• Middle KingdomWould lead to downfall
Early River Valley Civilizations
• Huang He and Yangtze Rivers
• Fertile Land and Agriculture
Shang Dynasty: 1600 BC• Writings based on
pictograms and ideograms
• • Worshipped Shang
Ti (main god) who controlled the spirits of nature
• Deceased were go-betweens with the spirits. (Ancestor Worship)
Chou Dynasty 1122 BC- 256 BC
Mandate of HeavenA dynasty had heavens
blessing if it governed
justly
The Great Wall
•Protection from Invasion•Kept population in
Han Dynasty 140 BC-220 BC
Civil Service Exams
• Paper
• Sundial
• Accurate Calendar
• Peace and Order between:Individuals &Government
• Loyalty and respect to FAMILY stressed
• Act according to 5 relationships•Ruler•Subject•Parent•Spouse
Taoism• Rejects Confucius rules
of behavior
• Stressed simplicty
• Meditation
• Closeness with Nature
• “The More Laws the More Bandits”
Legalism• Unconcerned with Ethics
or Meditation
• Men are motivated by Greed and Fear
• Strong Government to reward the Good and punish the Bad
Buddhism• Spreads to China from
India
• Wins over many of the peasants class, who convert to Buddhism
• Wheel of Dharma
TimeLine• 1215 Genghis Khan invade
China– Mongol Empire includes
much of Asia– Dynasty)– Marco Polo visits
(cultural Diffusion)• 1368 Ming Dynasty
founded– Overseas exploration– Best Technology– 1493 China returns to
isolationism
• 1644 Invaders from Manchuria set up the Manchu Dynasty– Many Restricts– Foreign trade only
allowed in Canton
European Imperialism• The Opium War
– Indian and Turkish opium is sold to Chinese
– 1839 Chinese Gov’t destroys $6million of British Opium
– Great Britain seizes Canton and more
Unequal Treaties• 1842 Treaty of Nanking
– Great Britain received money
– Hong Kong
– Exterritoriality• British in China obey British Law not Chinese
• 1850 Taiping Rebellion– Chinese rebel against
Manchu Gov’t
– Europeans help the Gov’t because of their favorable ties
– Rebellion is crushed
– Europeans gained more concessions
Spheres of Influence• Great Britain• Germany• Russia• Japan
• US did not have a sphere, but they instituted the “Open Door Policy”– Free trade anywhere in
China
• 1900 “Fists of Righteous Harmony” (Boxers)– Wanted to rid China of
foreign invaders– Europeans crushed the
Boxer Rebellion and won more concessions
• 1911 Revolutionaries overthrew the Q’ing Dynasty Dr. Sun Yat-sen named 1st president
– Brought democracy and modernization to China
– Allied China with Russia who gave aid and territory
– After his death, Jiang Jieshi came to power
Revolution of 1911
Nationalist Republic of China- Taiwan (Democratic) Jiang Jieshi
Supported by United StatesPeoples Republic of China- Mainland China (Communist) Mao Zedong
Supported by Soviet UnionToday both claim to be the Legitimate government of China
Redistributed land from wealthy to peasants
Collectivization (Communes) Killed any who resisted
Similar to Stalin’s Collective Farms
5-Year Plan to increase industrial & agricultural output
•High production quotasEstablished “Peoples Communes”
Peasants had no incentive to workProgram was major failure
•Poor planning, low production, crop failures, famine
Attempt to renew peoples loyalty to CommunismPurges of counterrevolutionaries
•Intellectuals & artistsMilitia units known as The Red Guard formed by students
USSR offers financial, military & technical aid
•Relationship breaks apart in 1960’s
Supports North Korea in Korean WarU.S. does not formally recognize China until 1979
•UN Membership in 1971
1980
• Deng Xiaoping’s Reforms:–Limited Capitalism
–Land Reform-No more communes
–Modernization
–Increased trade with foreign countries
–New Constitution
Population Control
• Newlyweds to have only one child in return for subsidies ($)
• Not in effect for rural areas
1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre
• Peaceful student protest for greater Democracy and freedom of Tibet
• Government kills thousands
China Today
• As more capitalistic trends are introduced, the question is:
• How long can they continue the Communistic political philosophy?
• Himalayan Mountains
• Northern Plain(Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra)
• Deccan Plateau-Very dry, poor farming
• Coastal Plains-Good fishing, West coast
• Monsoons-Seasonal winds control Indian life. Summer monsoons bring rain, winter brings drought
Hinduism
Gods: Brahma-The Creator
Vishnu-The Preserver
Shiva-The Destroyer
Caste System
• Buddhism– Four Noble Truths
• Suffering is universal
• Cause of suffering is desire
• Ultimate goal Nirvana
• Path to Nirvana is Middle Way
• 8 Fold Path
• Belief in Karma and Reincarnation• Do not believe in any gods• Do not believe in the Caste System• Buddhism spread to China, Korea, Tibet and Japan
Islam
• 900’s Islam expands into India
• Believe in One God (Hindus believe in many)
• Muslim rulers (Sultans) have • Great Power
• Persecute Hindus
Mughal India• 1526-1857 • Akbar the Great• Muslim ruler, but tolerant toward Hindus
Explorers Come to India• 1498 Vasco da
Gamma reaches India– Trade with Europe Opens
• 1526 Mogul invaders led by G. Kahn sweep into India– 300 years ofMuslim– Taj Majal
• 1700’s East India Company of Great Britain– Takes over after
Mogul– Dominate Indian
Politics• Commercial
Colonialism
– GB controlled trade and used soldiers for
protection
Sepoy Rebellion• Indian Soldiers who
served for Great Britain revolt against Christian British
• Supported by Hindus and Muslims
• British were using beef and pork fat to seal weapons
• Great Britain crushes rebellion
Mohandas Gandhi• Led movement toward India’s
independence
• Passive Resistance/Civil Disobedience
• 1947 Prevents Civil War
• GB partitioned India before withdrawal
–India (Hindu)
–Pakistan (Muslim)
• 1947: Jawaharlal Nehru:– India’s first independent Prime
Minister– Stressed economic modernization
• 1966 Indira Gandhi– Nehru’s daughter becomes Prime
Minister– Sikhs wanted independent state
(Mix of Hindu and Muslim– Indira assassinated in 1984 by Sikh bodyguards
India and Pakistan• India has a Hindu majority
• Pakistan has a Muslim majority
• Kashmir region divided by India and Pakistan
• Muslim majority in India’s Kashmir wants to join Pakistan, but India rejects the idea
• Threat of Nuclear conflict