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Architectural history in house construction.
Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we
build?
Where did settlers come from? Building Materials:
Technology:Environmental Considerations:
Historical Influence
England
Spain
France
Germany
Wood (#1)
Stone
Brick
Glass (hand-made)
Harsh Environment
Land Clearing Req.
Native Inhabitants
Hand Tools
Human/Animal Power
Historical House Styles
English styling:
Georgian styling:
Regency styling:
Before 18th Century, Tudor style or Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often ½ timbered, steep roof, diamond windows.
Early 1700s, Formal & symmetrical. Front doors are pedimented, hip roof
Late 1700s, Like Georgian, but finer details. Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch roof with wrought iron.
New England Colonial (salt box) styling:
Garrison styling:
Cape Cod styling:
Southern Colonial styling:
Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood, steep rear roof to shed snow.
1st break in style- 2nd floor overhangs 1st floor to aid in fighting off Indian raids.
Small gable roofed house, central chimney, roof slopes to top of 1st floor- usually symmetrical.
2-story high porches to shade windows for cooling.
Dutch Colonial styling:
French Colonial styling:
Spanish styling:
Gambrel roof gives a full 2nd story, mostly stone.
New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow, green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work.
Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed timbers.
Ranch styling:
Split Level styling:
Modern styling:
“Form Follows Function” single story, rambling, open look
½ flights of steps through entire house. Split side-to-side, front-to-back.
Geometric, flat roof, every element should have a purpose- nothing useless
Current Practices
How are houses constructed today and how have they changed over the past few
decades?
CurrentPractices
House Designs: Foundation Materials:
Environmental Considerations:
Framing and Finishing:
Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations:
Vary among many styles
Lots of angles
Less attention to details
Block/Slab
Concrete
Pre-Cast (trucked to site)
Water/Waste
Run-off
Energy Use
Lumber #1
Composites/Laminates
Steel Studding
Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates)
Electrical Requirements- plan for the future
Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)
Vocabulary
Habitation- Housing that someone is living in. Any structure for living.
Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use.
Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a home
Foundation- Supporting structure for a building.
HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good planning can use these effects.
Environmental Considerations: Available Materials/Technology:
Economy:Population:
Homes of the Future
Global Warming
Intense Weather
Ice Melting
Wood- Less Woodland, Higher Costs
Polymers/Composites
Concrete/Steel
Glass/Ceramics
Smart Houses
2000- 6.1 billion people
2050 8.9 billion people
47% increase
Changing Economies
Financial Concerns
Population Centers