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Architecture Centric Engineering and TOGAF to Platform G. Edward Roberts [email protected] 6/30/2011 1 [email protected] Copyright 2011
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Page 1: Architecture Centric Engineering and TOGAF to · PDF fileExample Reference Architecture ... Enterprise / Operational Architecture TOGAF ... To the Content Framework. Assurance has

Architecture Centric Engineering and TOGAF to Platform

G. Edward Roberts

[email protected]

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Allocation of Effort

Shift

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Standard Definition of Architecturearchitecture: the fundamental organization of a system embodied in its

components, their relationships to each other and to the environment and the principles guiding its design and evolution. - ISO 42010:2007

In TOGAF 9, "architecture" has two meanings depending upon its contextual usage:

1. A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level to guide its implementation

2. The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.

Version 1.0

Evolution

Version 2.0

Design

Implementation

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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My DefinitionArchitecture: “Capturing the Larger Context (Meta-level)”

??

?

Non-Functional Functional

SystemTo be built

Non-Functional (Software/Hardware Example):Memory FootprintLatencyExecution Time“Security”RiskMTF – Mean Time to Failure

“Capturing The Larger Context (influencers) that effects the system to be built.”

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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6

Enterprise Architecture’s Effect

Enterprise

TechnicalArchitecture

BusinessGoals

Governance

OrganizationBusinessRequirements

Influencers

QualityV&VMission

Assurance

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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ACE (Architecture Centric Engineering)

http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/brochures/aceinitiativeinformation.cfm

ACE@SEI: to improve product development and quality by using architecture to gain early confidence in achieving system-related business and mission goals.

One component of the SEI Architecture is AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language)

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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ACE View of Architecture

• Architecture is the primary carrier of system qualities, such as performance, modifiability, and security, none of which can be achieved without a unifying architectural vision.

• Architecture is an artifact for early analysis to make sure that the design approach will yield an acceptable system.

• Architecture holds the key to post deployment system understanding, maintenance, and mining efforts.

• Architecture is the conceptual glue that holds every phase of the project together for all its many stakeholders.

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Example: Medical Imaging Company

Fundamental Questions (for an architect):1. Is the Architecture Scalable?... Why? they wantto do twice the business they now have ,but can they do it?

2. Is the Architecture Repeatable?... Why? They want to openUp new business centers

3. Is the Architecture Replaceable?... Why? They have a lot of old systems that are coming due to be changed out… and some“single point of failure” people

From Elparazim, my consulting business

Architectural Description

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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“illities”http://www.softwarearchitecturenotes.com/architectureRequirements.html

An "ility" is a characteristic or quality of a system that applies across a set of functional or system requirements. So, performance is an "ility" because it is applied against some of the functional or system requirements. Anything that can be expressed in the form "for a set of functional or system requirements, the system must fulfill them this way (this fast, this reliable, etc.)" is an "ility."

The architecture has other requirements. It is the job of the software architect to find and talk to the right people about them -- the system "ilities.“

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Some “illities”

• accessibility

• accountability

• accuracy

• adaptability

• administrability

• affordability

• auditability

• autonomy

• availability

• credibility

• process capabilities

• compatibility

•composability•configurability•Correctness•customizability•debugability•degradability•determinability•demonstrability•dependability•deployability•discoverability•distributability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilities

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Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAMTM)

Quality Attribute Goals

http://www.sei.cmu.edu/architecture/tools/atam/6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Capture at a Conceptual Meta-Level

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 13

Detonation

Weapon SystemCommand Center

DetonationMessage

Bu

sin

ess

Pro

cess

Lev

elSo

luti

on

Sp

ace

ReliabilitySecurityLatency

Architecture “illities”

“Channel”

ContinuouslyTransmitting

Launch Vehicle

Operation Policy

“Requirement”

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Capturing a Domain Issue

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 14

Abstractions

Merger 1

Merger 2

Merger 3

This takes skill and experience

“Eliminate x% of CO2 emissionsFrom our cars.”

Is this really the business goal?

Be careful you may not be at anAbstract enough level.

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Outside the Box thinking

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 15

1 kg of meat from produces kg CO2e

beef 34.6

lamb 17.4

pork 6.35

chicken4.57

A Cow releases 70 and 120 kg of Methane per year. Methane is 23 times higher than the effect of CO2.

100 kg Methane per year for each cow is equivalent to about 2'300 kg CO2 per year.

Let's compare this value of 2'300 kg CO2: The same amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is generated by burning 1'000 liters of petrol. With a car using 8 liters of petrol per 100 km, you could drive 12'500 km per year (7'800 miles per year).

Business Goal: Eliminate Y amount of CO2

Maybe our problem is makingChicken taste like beef?

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MDA: Tool Support

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 16

MDA: Model Driven Architecture From the OMG (Object Modeling Group)

CIM

PIM

PSM

Concept Independent Model

Platform Independent Model

Platform Specific Model

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Why Does This Type of Architecture Not Happen

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 17

“Its Hard”

Business-ist Technology-ists

The Great Divide

Language 1 Language 2

“They Play Golf, WeSit in Cubicles”

“We take risks, theyplay it safe”

Much of architecture is having to Deal with the personalities involved.

Architects

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Team Dimension Profile

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 18

C - Creators

A - AdvancersR - Refiners

E - Exectors

x

Lists

Ideas

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TOGAF 9 Parts(The Open Group Architecture Framework)

Enterprise Architecture

These are items to develop Architecturesand Architecture Capabilities

(process and framework)6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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TOGAF 9 Part Relationships

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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History of TOGAF

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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TOGAF 9 Phases

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Views of TOGAF

6/30/2011 23

Prelim (Capability and Tailoring)

VisionPhase A

DomainSpecificationPhase B,C,D

Solutions and DevelopmentPhase E,F,G

GoverancePhase H

WHAT HOW CHANGE

B - BusinessC - Data/ApplicationD - Technology

[email protected] Copyright 2011

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Preliminary Phase

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Phase A: Architecture Vision

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Stakeholder Map

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Stakeholders and Views

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011 27

Business Cost View

What does it cost to collect entity data?What does it cost to store data?What Revenue are we generating from the data?

Legal Risk View

What potential risk is there in havingthe data?What is the cost of those risks?

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Phase B: Business Architecture

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Phase B: Workproducts

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“Standard” Domains in TOGAF 9

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General Process over Domain Specification

6/30/2011 31

Identify Stakeholders

Produce Views of the Architecture

Select Reference Models

Select Tools

Develop BaselineArchitecture Description

DevelopTargetArchitecture Description

Do Gap AnalysisRoadmap

Components

Impact on Architecture

Review with Stakeholders

ArchitectureDefinition Document

Finalize Architecture

[email protected] Copyright 2011

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Phase C: Information System Architecture

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Workproduct: Data Migration Diagram

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Workproduct: Application Communication Diagram

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Phase D: Technology Architecture

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Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions

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Phase F: Migration Planning

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Phase G: Implementation Goverance

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Phase H: Architecture Change Management

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Phase Interation

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Content Metamodel

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Enterprise Continuum

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Architecture Repository

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Capability Framework

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Example Reference Architecture

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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TOGAF 9 People Certification

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Architecture at a Glance

Performance & Quality Attributes

Key Dimensions of an Architecture Verification&

ValidationData Structure Behavior

Perf

orm

ance

Safe

ty,S

ecu

rity

,Ass

ura

nce

Rel

iab

ility

, Ava

ilab

ility

Op

enn

ess

(MO

SA) Business / Operational Layer

Bu

sin

ess

Un

der

stan

din

g &

An

alys

is

Pro

toty

pin

g, t

esti

ng

Eval

uat

ion

, C&

A

Service (Capability) Layer

Logical System Layer

Physical System (Hardware, Software) Layer

•An Architecture Has Breadth and Depth•Breath covers as a minimum the Data, Structure and Behavior (Service)•Depth includes the Business/Operational, Service, & System Layers (logical and Physical)

•Trades are used to derive an optimum solution to solve the Business Problems•Gray scale shows relative emphasis to the Layers

47

Trades

Drives Verifies

Edwin Lee 20106/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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The Matrix – Section 1

Architecture Conceptual Layers

Architecting Methods & Tools

Framework / Method

Modeling Language(Covering: Use Cases, Behavior, Data,

and Structure)

Enterprise / Operational Architecture

TOG

AF

(AD

M)

DO

DA

F M

OD

AF

NA

F

Zach

man

UM

LSy

sML

Service Architecture (Abstract)

SoaM

L

System Architecture (Abstract)

TOG

AF

To

The

Pla

tfo

rm

Implementation Physical Architecture (Architecting To The Edge) A

AD

LM

AR

TE

By Edwin Lee, Raython6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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The Matrix – Section 2

Architecture Conceptual Layers

**Quality Attributes (QA) Principles & Standards

Information Security(Confidentiality ,Integrity,

Availability)Safety

(Reliability…)

Openness (Cost reduction,

Open Competition) Timeliness

Enterprise / Operational ArchitectureCyber Security Policy

Threat / Risk Assessment

Safety Policy Threat / Risk Assessment

MO

SA

OR

L

Service Architecture (Abstract)Cross Domain Security

MLS

SOA

System Architecture (Abstract)

Implementation Physical Architecture(Architecting To The Edge)

Network Security Platform Security

MILSMILS Profile, API

SC JAVARTSJ

Multi-Core API

**Quality Attributes are Non-Functional Characteristics of an Architecture

By Edwin Lee, Raython6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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The Matrix – Section 3

**Quality Attributes are Assured through V & V and Associated Methods and Testing

Architecture Conceptual Layers

Quality Attributes Assurance: Validation & Verification (V&V)

Information Security(Confidentiality, Integrity,

Availability)Safety

(Reliability…)

Openness (Cost reduction,

Open Competition) Realtime-ness

Enterprise / Operational Architecture

DIS

CA

PD

IAC

AP

Vulnerability Assessment

Safety Assessment

MO

SA

OR

LA

sses

smen

ts

Service Architecture (Abstract)Cross Domain

SecurityMLS Use Case

Verification

SOA

Std

. C

om

plia

nce

System Architecture (Abstract)

CC Evaluation DO-178B

PO

SIX

C

om

plia

nce

Implementation Physical Architecture (Architecting To The Edge)

By Edwin Lee, Raython6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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RTESF: TOGAF to the Platform

WorkproductProducer

BusinessVisionary

Descriptive

Prescriptive

Traceable?

Complete Process for Multiple Domains

Toolable

…process

If one removed that Business Goal would the workproduct stop?

Workproduct

BusinessGoal

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Assurance Additions

Assurance has extra Roles, Skills, Process Steps, and Workproducts to add to ADM

Assurance has its ownReference models to Add

Assurance has its ownMeta-models to AddTo the Content Framework

Assurance has extendedGuidance on how to developAssured Systems

Assurance has extraThings that must be stored in a repository

Assurance has extraThings that must be done to ensure an Assurance capability is built in an organization

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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RTESF TOGAF to the Platform Big Picture

TOGAF(Modeled)

RTESF Plugin

DevelopmentProcess (e.g.

RUP)

AADL

SysML

UML

SPEM2

SPEM2

RTESFTechnologyProcess

MARTEINCOSE OOSEM?

RTESF ReferenceModel etc.

ADMDomain Specific GuidanceRoles (i.e. Skill Sets)Added WorkproductsAdded TasksEtc.

Assurance Cases

6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Process?

TOGAF

SysML

AADL

Acceleo

UML2

RT Java 5With Annotations

ATL

ATL

System

Enterprise

“Electronics”

Software

Implementations

Phase D

ATL = Atlas Transform Language6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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How: Modeling And Plugins

Base TOGAF Plugin

EPF

Tailoring Plugin

“weave”

Tailored Process (e.g. HTML)

1. Changes: Name changes (we call phase B task 2 “this” instead of “that”2. Replacements: Instead of doing Phase B task 2, we require one to do this task3. Additions: after doing Phase B task 2 , then we add this extra task4. Workproducts: you must do an additional workproduct out of that task5. Roles: there is a role on the team for a person with these real-time skill sets

New Task

New Role New Workproduct

Primitives

Value: Process Adoption is Quicker because one does not Have to start from scratch.

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HTML output from EPF

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Plugin TypesWhat if we could give a industry vertical version of TOGAF (e.g. Banking)? What about a domain version of TOGAF (e.g. Real-time)?

TOGAF Tailoring

Industry Domain( e.g. Banking)

Technology Domain( e.g. SOA)

Disipline Domain( e.g. Security, Realtime)

Techniques( e.g. ROI)

Modularized TOGAF

Specific Workproducts(e.g. DODAF)

More/Less Detailed Modules

Profiles/Configurations –(take pieces of different Modules and combine together forA particular purpose)6/30/2011 [email protected] Copyright 2011

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Multi-Module Issue

Base TOGAF Plugin

Tool

e.g. SOA, Security, High Assurance

Extentsion Plugin

“weave”

“Requirement: need to be able to extend TOGAF with many different extensions at the same time”

e.g. HTML

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Value: Less Risk of AdoptionWhat if we could make your investment in TOGAF sustainable (i.e. minimal changes when we go from version n to n+1)?

Base TOGAF Plugin

Tool

Future TOGAF Changes

“weave”

New TOGAF Plugin

Need to Retain investment in tailoring as new releases comeAlso mitigates rate-of-change issues

Base TOGAF Plugin $

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Imagine This: Benchmarking

What if we could benchmark different configurations of TOGAF?

Isn’t this what every industry is trying to get to… Capability Maturity Models (CMM)That allow one to measure and improve a process…

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Eclipse Process Framework (EPF)

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EPF: Work Breakdown

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RTESF TOGAF to the Platform Big Picture

TOGAF(Modeled)

RTESF Plugin

DevelopmentProcess (e.g.

RUP)

AADL

SysML

UML

SPEM2

SPEM2

RTESFTechnologyProcess

MARTEINCOSE OOSEM?

RTESF ReferenceModel etc.

ADMDomain Specific GuidanceRoles (i.e. Skill Sets)Added WorkproductsAdded TasksEtc.

Assurance Cases

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Two Areas of Interaction with TOGAF

• (Area 1) Extend TOGAF to include Real-time and Embedded concepts (Requirement: Add Extentions into TOGAF)

• (Area 2) Integrate TOGAF with a much more prescriptive process such as RUP (Rational Unified Process) or openUp, for a complete Enterprise to working code approach to Real-time and Embedded projects

New Task

New RoleNew Workproduct

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Requirement: Integrate TOGAF with other Processes and Lifecyces

Descriptive

Prescriptive

TOGAF Realm

e.g. RUP or openUP Realm

touchpoints

workproducts<<flow>>

<<produce>>

<<reference>>

openUP Model

TOGAF Model

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Assurance Cases

SysA Metamodels of Interest• ARM (Argumentational Metamodel)

• SAEM (Software Assurance Evidence Metamodel)

These are being combined into one metamodel:

• SACM (Structured Assurance Case Metamodel)

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Toulmin’s Model

the position or claim being argued for; the conclusion of the argument

exceptions to the claim; description and rebuttal of counter-examples and counter-arguments

reasons or supporting evidence that bolster the claim

specification of limits to claim, warrant and backing. The degree of conditionality asserted (Assumptions)

support, justification, reasons to back up the warrant

the principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim.

Implications

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Toulmin’s Example

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SAEM And ARM

Claims & Arguments

(ARM)

Evidence

artifacts

Statements

‘Leaf’ Statements

Things/Relations

Inferential support between

statements

Assurance Case

ISO 15026

Propositions are based on a particular

ontology

Leaf Claims require

non-inferential support

Who did What Whenontology/vocabulary

Evidence documentadministrative

Evidence element

from ARM

fact model

Claims and subclaims

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ARM Metamodel

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SAEM Meta-model

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GSN

Toulmin: Warrant

Supported By

Goal

Strategy

A strategy describes the nature of the inference that exists between one or more goals and another goal.

presents a claim forming part of the argument.

SolutionToulmin: Evidence

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Example: From D-CASE

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D-CASE Tool

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D-CASE: Assurance Case Process Metamodel (ACPM)

Yutaka MatsunoUniversity of Tokyo, [email protected]

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D-CASE: Changing the Basic Process

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Summary

RTESF (Real-Time Embedded System Forum) of The Open Group is forging TOGAF to the Platform, Why don’t you join us!

Questions we AnsweredWhy Architecture: Engineering “V” show us that we need to capture errors soonerWhat is Architecture: Capturing Larger ContextWhat do we do with Architecture: Manage the “illities”What Level do we want with Architecture: Enterprise, nothing less will doWhat Architecture Standard do we use: TOGAF 9

ProjectsTOGAF to the PlatformAssurance Cases with D-CASE

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