ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2002-2003 DESIGN REPORT
URBAN DYNAMICS IN 3D CITY
LEUNG Cheuk Kin May 2003
Contents
Background 1
Research Study 9
Introduction 9
Basic Information 12
Analysis 21
Conclusion 31
Site Selection I Analysis 32
Design 40
Diagrams 41
Drawings 43
Models 51
Background 丨丨 4
Monoculture - activity In city, people are experiencing monoculture. To accommodate massive urban programmes, staking of single-functional spaces are the most common and easiest way to deal with the problem. People inside the space are forced to adapt the environment. They carry out the presumed activity in one specific function space without knowing what is happening behind the walls or slabs that are wrapping them. They have to nnove away after finishing the activities as the function in the spaces is defined.
Monoculture - movement Each specific functional space is connected by effi-cient circulation space. Sophisticated circulation system, both vehicular and Pedestrian, has been established in Hong Kong anywhere ranging from Central to new town. In city-level, elevated walkway and underground circu-'sting tunnel are examples showing the pure connecting function of those cir-culating space. People walk on the path without anything to see, to listen or to experience and actually nothing happened. In building-level, the same situa-tion is demonstrated by the vertical circulating system, elevators.
Background 丨丨 2
High-rise: single-function and private use Most high-rise buildings are usually used exclusively for the private owner or their tenants in both office and resi-dential buildings. Therefore, a boundary separating the public and the private user is often set up on the ground floor. Besides, as the private nature of the function, stacking of typical plans and separation of units seem to be reason-able. Thus, high-rise buildings all around Hong Kong are single function and “ moriotonous".
High-rise: multi-function and public use However, in recent years, there is a need to extend the public realm from the street to high -r ise buildings in high-densed area like Mongkok, Tsim Sha Tsui and Causeway Bay, etc. Chong Hing Plaza is one of the examples. Restauants, Karaoke... are opened up to the 17/F of the buildings. Apart from private development, the govermnment has already tested the feasibility of such type of building since 1977. At the year, Sheung Wan Complex was completed and was the first multi-functional building to accommodate public amenities like market, cooked food centre, recreational centre, social centre... on the same piece of 丨and. The building ^as then a prototype to many building of this type in different district in Hong Kong.
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Background 丨丨 4
High-rise: single-function and private use Most high-rise buildings are usually used exclusively for the private owner or their tenants in both office 9nd residential buildings. Therefore, a boundary separating the public and the private user is often set up on the ground floor. Besides, as the private nature of the function, stacking of typical plans and separation of units seem to be 「easonable. Thus, high-rise buildings all around Hong Kong are single function and "monotonous". High-rise: mul t i - funct ion and publ ic use However, in recent years, there is a need to extend the public realm from the street to high-rise buildings in high-densed area !ike Mongkok, Tsirn Sha Tsui and Causeway Bay, etc. Chong Hing Plaza is one of the examples. Restauants, Karaoke... are opened up to the 17/F of the buildings. Apart from private development, the Qovermnment has already tested the feasibility of such type of building since 1977. At the year, Sheung Wan Complex was completed and was the first multi-functional building to accommodate public amenities like market, Cooked food centre, recreational centre, social centre... on the same piece of land. The building was then a prototype to many building of this type in differ-ent district in Hong Kong. 3d cityscape constructed by generic structure They have built up the 3D ^ityscape of Hong Kong urban area, in order to provide flexible floor space,
commercial buildings are designed as column-slab structure with a rigid 鄉vice core. Thus, spaces required double-volume o「a large volume without the interruption of columns are iimited in those generic structure.
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Background 丨丨 7
Issue People live, sleep, work, entertain, gather, worship, move... in such closely packed box of spaces. Invisible tensions exist between them as the activities constitute most of our urban life. Are there lost architectural spaces (public spaces) that can bring together the functional spaces? If yes, what kind of space it should be like and how does it differents from the Pf"evalent generic building?
Existence of hybrid building When we observe our city in detail, we can find that there existed such kind of fusion in some buildings in Tsim Sha Tsui and Mongkok. However, the occuranee is mainly due to the organic growth by the Social needs rather than architects' or planners' intentions. A research study IS carried out to study the potential and the criteria on such hybrid spaces. The study is concentrated to one of the most complex, chaotic use of building -Chungking Mansions.
Background 丨丨 8
Homogenous vs Heterogenous
Zoning of users vs Fusion of users
Separating functions vs Combining functions
Monoculture vs Intercuiture
Monofunctioning vs Hybrid
Simplicity vs Complexity
Routine vs Emergent
Personality vs Generosity
Introduction 丨 Research Study ||10
Situated at Tsim Sha Tsui, Chungking Mansions are a miniature of a city. The iTiain user groups are the Indian-Pakistan residents and the foreign travellers. They appear to be a single massive building. Although they shared the same structure, they actually are 5 separated buildings that are connected only at the first 2 floors from the ground level. The building is multi-functional. It is a complete mixture of commercial and residential use. There is no division of commercial and residential zones. (As if most of the development that includes commercial podium and residential tower) Different kind of commercial services are next to the private residential Units. All kinds of services are there to support your daily life. For eating, there you find plenty of restaurants. For entertainment, you have clubs and VCD shops that perform films publicly. There are even tailors to make your own clothes. As there are foreign travellers due to the thrived hostels, souve-nir shops and baggage shops are brought into the buildings. People there can live without crossing the building boundary as most of the daily needs are provided within the buildings. People may even work there since there exist ^onrie factories. However, it can be found that it is more than a multi-function building. There you can see the life of the people. First, on the ground and the first floor, they 針e the re-generation of street lives within an enclosed building. The interac-tions occurred, the events happened and the gathering spaces generated in front of the recessed shops are the evidences. The undefined boundary between public and private is also interesting as the public facilities are not Only restricted to the first 2 floors but also spread all over different levels of 出e buildings.
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Basic Information I Research Study || 13
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Basic Information I Research Study || 14
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J Jewellery, Watch etc. ® Restaurant & Fast Food [」Electric Appliance, Mobile
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Basic Information I Research Study || 17
Usage at ground floor
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Basic Information I Research Study || 18
Usage at first floor
Basic Information I Research Study || 19
Function distribution among blocks
• Private Residential _ Guest House m others
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Block A Private Resident : 68 units Guest House : 52 units Block B Private Resident : 68 units Guest House : 39 units Restaurant : 4 units Office : 3 units Tailor : 1 unit Church : 1 unit Block C Private Resident : 72 units Guest House : 13 units Restaurant : 3 units Office : 1 unit Tailor : 1 unit Block D Private Resident : 101 units Guest House : 9 units Office : 3 units Community Centre : 2 units Factory : 2 units Restaurant : 1 unit Club : 1 unit Store : 1 unit Block E Private Resident : 72 units Office : 9 units Guest House : 5 units Community Centre : 3 units Restaurant : 1 unit
Total Private Resident : 381 units Guest House : 118 units Office : 16 units Restaurant : 9units Community Centre : 5 units Tailor : 2 units Factory : 2 units Club : 1 unit Store : 1 unit
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Analysis | Research study 丨| 21
Floors Zones are basically divided into odd and even storeys by the lifts. They are connected by stairs only. Also resulting in the order of lift lobby. (Demonstrated by previous diagram) As there are so many com-niercia! activities on different floor, there are inter-floor movement fre-quently.
Analysis | Research study 丨| 2 2
Potential Strategy Extension between separated public and private space
Existing odd/even floor served by separated lift implying odd/even floor zoning.
Potential to separate public/private use by odd/even floor zoning.
Existing mixture of public/private use
Private use Public use
Potential to establish different form of interaction of public/private space along the boundary of the two.
Analysis | Research study 丨| 23
Spatial relationship to the street From the ground floor, we can see that the building internal layout merged with the back street to form a network of pedestrian path. !t also allows people to pass through freely as a part of the journey from Nathan Road to Tsim Sha Tsui East.
Figure & ground, ground floor
Analysis | Research study 丨| 2 4
Interdependent growth PRIVATE I I SEMI-PUBLIC (SHARED SERVICES) | | PUBLIC
Dining Room Toilet/ Bathroom
Kitchen Living Room Bedroom
Tourist Centre
Restaurant
Shortcut Path Laundry
Congregation Space
Communal Space
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Spatial study Circulation space vs Specific functional space
Separation
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-encourage interaction - interface between 2 functions -b lu r boundary
iii.Extension
- f ree flow of space -e门cour3g6 movement -b lu r boundary
iv.Overiap
-unpredictable encounter -confl ict of function -compromise by the users -ambiguous in terms of usage
Penetration
ambiguous in terms of public / private and inside / outside
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to block B to block E and also the Sig above. Together wi th the extension shops, buy, gather, talk, pass through a门diere.
V. Penetration
Shop extended to the other side of the circulat ion so that the public circulation penetrated the area defined by the shop.
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Analysis | Research study 丨| 29
i. Separation
The public and pr ivate spaces ;
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Analysis | Research study 丨| 2 7
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Analysis | Research study 丨| 2 8
Ci r cu la t i on p a t t e r n
> Horizontal movement
H H H Vertical movement -Stair -Lift lobby
M o v i n g vs s t a t i o n a r y
[1 Moving space -Circulating
Stationary space -Waiting -Gathering -Eating -Bargaining -Shopping -TV watching
Hybrid use of functional space
Analysis | Research study 丨| 29
Personal Permanent Specific Private
General Emergent Temporary Undefined Public
Personal Permanent Specific Private
Hostel tourists
Residents
Workers who live there
Home business family
General public
Sleeping Living Gathering Entertaining Working
Bedroom Common Room
Apartment unit GF Market r
Apartment unit GF arcade Shops,
Bedroom Living Room
GF Market D
Analys is | Research study 丨| 30
Mixing of Daily Activities
Public Movement + Hybrid use of Functional Space
Public visualize a Depth of Privacy (Life of People) Interactive Arrangement between Public & Private
Urban Dynamics
Conclusion 丨 Research study || 31
Research Conclusion The architecture that suits the contextual environment of the high density urban in Hong Kong should be capable of allowing any kind of activities so that the actual usage is left to the end-users to develop. They are going to share space to the others, transform the space according to times, combine spatial usage to achieve their own particular needs which are the dynamics, vitality of the urban. A vertical movement network should be used to connect the whole structure instead of purely efficient lift system in order to enable people to experience the richness and the complexity of the building. The movement of the people inside should be closely together with the activities happening inside so that the tensions between them can be established. Boundaries of public and private, interior and exterior, motion and stationary, should be treated to be ambiguous. The design aims to dem-onstrate the potential of such an architecture as an reflection to the life of Chungking Mansions.
Site Select ion / Analysis || 32
Site Selection Tsim Sha Tsui is one of the most varieties in terms of functions and people in Hong Kong. In order to choose a site that possess the potential to fuse people and activities, a series of analysis have been done as followed.
Site Select ion / Analysis || 33
Figure
Site Select ion / Analysis || 34
Ground
Zones defined by main roads and their connections
Site Select ion / Analysis || 35
Main roads Major pedestrian circulation Connections crossing to other zone Mass transport terminal
II Residential _ Commercial [3 Hotel 國 Public amenity
Site Select ion / Analysis || 36
Distribution of different functional buildings
Site Select ion / Analysis || 37
East tsim sha tsui station and the underground pedestrian (under construction)
m MTR & KCR station _ Connecting underground pedestrian — Entrance to MTR station • Entrance to KCR station
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Sub-terranean network As the southeast part of Tsim Sha Tsui will be circulated by sub-terra-nean passage, the site possess the potential to be an interchange between underground and street levels and connecting between the north to south, west and east.
Zones
It locates at the edge of the building zone where the greenery zone will contribute a lot to the view while it is important to bring the greenery space to the site.
Functional buildings Functional zoning does not applied to the area where any functions are mixed in a chaotic manner. The design in such a site should demonstrate the flexibility, compati-bility and diversity to allow the context to shape the use of the design,
Site Select ion / Analysis || 39
Site Significance • I . • • •
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Design || 40
Diagrams | Design || 41
Generation Process
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i. Public Space Insert various volume of flexible space
iii. Acitivity Program initiator in those major public space (e.g. Theatre, Gallery, Hostel., will trigger the interdependent programmes
ii. Movement A vertical network connect-ing all the public space and readily con-nected to the street movement
iv. Complexity The users may modify the void space according to the interaction of neigh-bourhood functions. Sharing of space, inter-action of different user group, time-space relationship...
Diagrams | Design 丨丨 42
Structure concept
Major core wall
Hollow section concrete beam allowing space free from grid and be longer span
Concrete coiumn slab structure for typical use of floor space
Nathan Road
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