Architecture

• The art and science of designing and constructing buildings

Architecture

Architecture

• Is the art and science of designing buildings, bridges and structures to help us meet our personal and communal needs.

• Aims to satisfy the aesthetic requirements of the buildings without disregarding the need for a sound structure with complete utilities.

• A vehicle for artistic expression in three dimensions.

Architects: specialists in designing structures

Architecture

Types of Architectural Constructions

Architecture

One of the early architectural developments was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method

A beam is placed horizontally across upright posts.

Architecture

Parthenon in Athens, Greece.

Architecture

Parthenon in Athens, Greece.

Architecture

Ancient Greek “Orders” (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base.

http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html

ArchitectureEntablature: the top of an order; includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html

Architecture

Other key developments include the arch,

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Arches have many functions including supporting other structures such as roofs and serving as actual and symbolic gateways.

Architecture

the vault,

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architecture

and the dome

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architecture

The arch was a purely Roman invention. An arch is often made up of small stones called voussoir and a large central stone called a keystone.

Architecture

A series of columns is called a colonnade.

A series of arches is called an arcade.

Architecture

The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.

Architecture

The Romans were great engineers. They developed concrete as a building material, which was used in building aqueducts, baths, and other public works projects.

Architecture

http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm

Flying Buttress: external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.

ArchitectureDuring the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)

http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm

Architecture

and wrought iron:

The Eiffel Tower