Arduino as an embedded industrial controller

Arduino as an embedded industrial controller

Jose-Luis Poza -Luján

IntroductionOverviewHardwareSoftwareReferencesConnectionsProgrammingConclusionsProject

Jose-Luis Poza-Luján

Arduino as embedded industrial controllerAn introduction to the Arduino as control system




The teacher

• Ph D. Jose-Luis Poza-Luján– Professor

• University: Technical University of Valencia-Spain (www.upv.es)

• Research: University Institute of Control Systems and Industrial Computing (www.ai2.upv.es)

• Reaching: School of Informatics (www.inf.upv.es)• Management: Dept. of Computer Engineering (

www.disca.upv.es)– Contact

• Web: http://jopolu.webs.upv.es• Mail: [email protected]• Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+ jopolu

2

http://www.upv.es/

http://www.ai2.upv.es/

http://www.inf.upv.es/

http://www.disca.upv.es/

http://jopolu.webs.upv.es/

mailto:[email protected]




Aims

• How Arduino can work as platform to develop simple control systems– What’s a Control System?– What’s Arduino?

• What I can do with an Arduino?– Sensors?– Actuators?– Software?

• Where I can find documents?3




Aims

• Experiences with Arduino?• What do you think can be done with

Arduino?4




5

Open hardware

• Open hardware– Inspired on the free software? not, open software – It’s not a new concept, first open hardware: early

70s (XX century)• Definitions– Hardware device whose specifications

and schematics can be accessed publically (free or not free charges)

• Open Hardware Specification Program– Limited form of free hardware.– Enough information that allows a

programmer to make a driver.




6

Project based on open hardware

– OpenSPARC (http://www.opensparc.net/)• Sun Microsystems (Oracle)• Complete 64 bits processor

– Openmoko (http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page)• Open Mobile Phones (Free Hw and SW)

– Raspberry Pi (http://www.raspberrypi.org/)• Complete embedded PC

– RepRap (http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRap)• Free Hw and SW 3D printer

– Arduino (http://www.arduino.cc/es/)• Free Microcontroller: analog/digital

input/output oriented.

http://www.opensparc.net/

http://wiki.openmoko.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://www.raspberrypi.org/

http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRap

http://www.arduino.cc/es/




7

Arduino background

• Origin of Name– Its name comes from "Bar di Re

Arduino" where Massimo Banzispent a few hours (is the name of an ancient European king (year 1002)

• History– IEEE: The Making of Arduino– Arduino: The documentary (2010)(http://vimeo.com/18539129)

http://spectrum.ieee.org/geek-life/hands-on/the-making-of-arduino/0

http://vimeo.com/18390711







8

Fundamentals of Arduino project

• Collaborative work(credits)– David Cuartielles– Gianluca Martino– Tom Igoe– David Mellis– Massimo Banzi

• Motivations– In 2005, a group of students, and

professors of the Institute of Interactive Design of (Ivrea) in Italy started to develop a Hardware platform because commercial platforms are expensive and closed systems.

– Made entirely in Italy– Target: price < 30 €– Philosophy: DIY (Do It Yourself)

http://arduino.cc/es/Main/Credits




9

Arduino: Present and future

• Evolution– Web• Source: Arduino

– Software• Sorce: Gource

http://arduino.cc/blog/2012/03/29/new-forum-boards-and-moderators/

http://code.google.com/p/gource/




10

Where Arduino is placed in Industrial Systems?

Field bus

Redes de planta

LAN & WAN

Production Network

Fourth floor: Business

Third floor: Management (Warehouses)

Second floor: Field level (PC)

First floor: Control level (PLC/CNC)

Ground: devices (Sensors and actuators)




11

Where Arduino is placed in REAL Industrial Systems?

• Bus integration

Source: Siemens 2013




12

Where to place Arduino?

Arduino

Intel Galileo

Raspberry PI

PLC

Reliability (and price)

Computing




13

Where to place Arduino?

• Do you know any of the above systems (PLC, Arduino, Intel Galileo, Raspberry PI)?




Overview

14

The programming environment allows you to write, compile and load the code that controls the system.

The Arduino runs the code through a control loop (infinite loop), without using the programming environment for normal operation

From your home to the factory




15

Hardware

• No hardware…. No software– So that… It is important to know the

hardware on which the software will run.

Arduino ADK R310.16 cm

5.3

cm6.8 cm

5.3

cm

Arduino Uno

Arduino Mega

1.8 cm

4.3

cm

Arduino Diecimila

Arduino Duemilanove

5.0

cm

Arduino LilyPadArduino Nano

Arduino Leonardo

Arduino Ethernet

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boards






16

Models & characteristics

Model Processor Speed Power (V) Memory I/O (A)

ADK ATMEGA2560 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 256 KB 54 (16)

BT ATMEGA328 16 MHz 1.2-5.5 (5) 32 KB 14 (6)

Diecimila ATMEGA168 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 16 KB 14 (6)

Duemilanove ATMEGA168 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 16/32 KB 14 (6)

Ethernet ATMEGA328 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 32 KB 14 (6)

Fio ATMEGA328p 8 MHz 3.3-12 (3.3) 32 KB 14 (8)Leonardo ATMEGA32U4 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 32 KB 20 (12)

LilyPad ATmega268V 8 MHz 2.7-5.5 16 KB 14 (6)

Mega ATMEGA1280 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 128 KB 54 (16)

Mega2560 ATMEGA2560 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 256 KB 54 (16)

Mini ATMEGA168 16 MHz 7-9 (5) 32 KB 14 (8)

Nano ATMEGA328 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 16 KB 14 (8)

Uno ATMEGA328p 16 MHz 7-12 (5) 32 KB 14 (6)

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardADK

http://www.atmel.com/devices/ATMEGA2560.aspx

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardBluetooth


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDiecimila


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanove


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardEthernet


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardFio

http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega328p.aspx

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardLeonardo

http://www.atmel.com/devices/ATMEGA32U4.aspx

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardLilyPad

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega2560


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMini


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardNano


http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardNano

http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega328p.aspx




17

Programming environments

• Arduino IDE– Depending on the Operative System, needs

a driver installation (Guide)– Based on Processing language• Part of the project “Design by numbers”, from

the MIT, to bring computer science to “no programmers”.• Processing is similar al C, but it is possible to

program Arduino in other languages• Aimed at users who do not need to know high

level languages• Oriented to programmers unfamiliar with the

hardware.• Conditions GNU LGPL

http://arduino.cc/it/Guide/Windows

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_(programming_language)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_By_Numbers_(programming_language)

http://www.wikihow.com/Write-Arduino-Software-in-C

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License




18


• Arduino IDE• Google Code

http://code.google.com/p/arduino/

http://code.google.com/p/arduino/




19


• It is possible to program Arduino by means other estándar platforms– Eclipse • PlayGround (alternativas)

– VisualMicro • Microsoft environment

– Atmel Studio• Classic microprocessors programing

environment– Minibloc, Compilador online

• More environments on Arduino site

http://arduino.cc/playground/Code/Eclipse

http://www.arcanplanet.es/component/content/article/39-arcan/59-eclipsearduino.html

http://www.visualmicro.com/

http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel_studio6/

http://blog.minibloq.org/

http://www.arduinodev.com/software/builder/

http://www.arduinodev.com/software/builder/

http://arduino.cc/playground/Main/DevelopmentTools




20

Arduino simulators

• SFA– Simulator for Arduino– Windows

• VBBExpress– Virtual Bread Board– Windows

• Simuino– Linux (Written on C)

• Arduino Simulator– IOS

• Ardusim– Working project

• Fritzing– Arduino Design environment

Simulator for Arduino

Virtual Bread Broad

http://www.arduino.com.au/Simulator-for-Arduino.html

http://www.virtualbreadboard.net/

http://code.google.com/p/simuino/

http://schogini.in/app-websites/arduino-simulator/

http://sourceforge.net/projects/ardusim/

http://fritzing.org/




21

Mobile device software

Eight Control Arduino

Ardumote

Arduino Commander

Domotic Home with Arduino

Arduino Reference

Arduino Uno Communicator

Arduino meets Android

Arduino GR

Arduino Control Free

Arduino simulator

Hotkeys for Arduino

And more…




22

References

– Arduino Programming Notebook. • Brian Evans. 2011. (www.lulu.com)

arduino "creative commons" filetype:pdf

arduino "cheat sheet" filetype:pdf

http://www.lulu.com/

https://www.google.com/search?q=arduino+%22creative+commons%22+filetype:pdf







https://www.google.es/#q=arduino+%22cheat+sheet%22+filetype:pdf










23

References

– Arduino Cookbook • Michael Margolis. • 2012

– Getting Started with Arduino• Massimo Banzi. 2011

– Make: Arduino Bots and Gadgets• Tero Karvinen, Kimmo Karvinen• 2011

– Environmental Monitoring with Arduino• Emily Gertz , Patrick Di Justo. 2012




24

References

• Arduino Playgroundhttp://arduino.cc/playground/Main/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePagehttp://arduino.cc/playground/Es/Guias/

• Web siteshttp://www.arduinobooks.com/http://www.arduinodev.com/

And more…http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduinohttp://tronixstuff.wordpress.com/tutorials/

http://arduino.cc/playground/Main/HomePage

http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

http://arduino.cc/playground/Es/Guias/

http://www.arduinobooks.com/

http://www.arduinodev.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

http://tronixstuff.wordpress.com/tutorials/




25

References

• Distributors list– http://arduino.cc/es/Main/Buy

• Arduino oriented distributors– Seedstudio• http://www.seeedstudio.com

– RS• http://nl.rs-online.com/web/

http://arduino.cc/es/Main/Buy

http://www.seeedstudio.com/

http://nl.rs-online.com/web/

http://nl.rs-online.com/web/




26

• Photoduino. http://photoduino.com/– Photoduino is anOpen camera

Controller based on Arduino. Used for taking pictures Automatically.

• PolarPlotter. http://roxen.github.io/polar-plotter/– Plotter based on a single arm robot.

With greater performance area that traditional plotters.

• ArduPilot. http://ardupilot.com/– Arduino based drone.

Arduino based projects

http://makezine.com/http://www.instructables.com/ http://hacknmod.com/

http://photoduino.com/

http://photoduino.com/

http://roxen.github.io/polar-plotter/

http://roxen.github.io/polar-plotter/

http://ardupilot.com/




27





28


• You think it's possible for you to learn to do things with Arduino?




29

Arduino uno: connections

• Pin mapping




30

Arduino uno: communications

• Programming and communications pin




31

Pin functionality

Pin (Link ) Functionality[0,13] Digital Input/Output

0, 1 RX, TX. Serial TTL (ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL chip)2, 3 Extern interruptions (high or low level, and signalled rising or falling)

3,5,6,9,10,11 Analogic outputs PWM (pulse-width modulation).10,11,12,13 Communications SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)

GND GroundAREF Analogic reference

[A0,A5] Analogical inputs 10 bits = from 0 to 1023A4,A5 Communications TWI/I2C (Two Wire Interface)

Vin Extern power(combined with GND)5V 5 V output (combined with GND)

3V3 3.3V, 50mA output (combined with GND)RESET Restart the board

ICSP In Chip/Circuit Serial Programmer (to direct access to ATMega)

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno/

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaci%C3%B3n_por_ancho_de_pulsos

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C




32

Power supply

• USB– 5V

• Extern– Range• Work: 7-12V• Limits: 6-20V

– Connectors• 2.1mm (+ centro)s• Pins Vin, GND

• The selection of the power supply is automatically




33

Connecting components

• Breadboard

• Buses– Carried on the same cable the sensor /

actuator signal and the power supply




34

Danger

• Some ways to destroy an Arduino– #1 Short circuit a I/O pin with GND– #2 Short circuit two I/O pins– #3 Apply overvoltage on I/O pins– #4 Interchange polarity between Vin y GND– #5 Short circuit Vin y GND– #6 Apply voltage to output voltage pins (5V y 3V3)– #7 Apply more than 12 V to reset pin de reset– #8 Over charge the Arduino (connect to Arduino a

great amount of components without additional power supply)

http://ruggedcircuits.com/html/ancp01.html

http://ruggedcircuits.com/html/ancp01.html




35

Caution

• Hardware– Assemble the circuits with the Arduino offline– Review connections before connect the

Arduino– No force conectors– In case of failure: Test every component

individually– Do not desperate: it is difficult for a run at the

first assembly• Software– Save code frequently– Comment the code– One change… one test




36

Programing

• Arduino programs are known as “sketches

• References– http://arduino.cc/es/Reference/HomePage– http://arduino.cc/es/Reference/Extended

http://arduino.cc/es/Reference/HomePage



http://arduino.cc/es/Reference/Extended




37

Expectations

• Is Arduino a Powerful device?




38

Digital output

• Examples Basics Blink

int pinLed = 13;

void setup(){ pinMode(pinLed, OUTPUT);}

void loop(){ digitalWrite(pinLed,HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(pinLed,LOW); delay(1000);}




39

Digital output & Digital input

• Examples Basics Blink

• Examples Basics DigitalReadSerial

Pin 13 220RLed

GND

Pin 13 220RLed

GND

Pin 6

10KR

GND

5V switch




40

Digital input-output

• Simple control loopint pinSwitch = 6;int pinLed = 13; void setup(){ pinMode(pinSwitch, INPUT); pinMode(pinLed, OUTPUT);}void loop(){ digitalWrite(pinLed,LOW); if(digitalRead(pinSwitch)==HIGH){ digitalWrite(pinLed,HIGH); }}

Pin 13 220RLed

GND

Pin 6

10KR

GND

5V switch




41

Analogical output & Analogical input

• Examples Basics Fade

• Examples Basics AnalogReadSerial

Pin 9 220RLed

GND(PWM mode)

A0

10KR

Pin 13 220RLed

GND

5V

GND




42

Analogical input-output

• Examples Basics Fade

• Examples Basics AnalogReadSerial

Pin 9 220RLed

GND(PWM mode)

A0

10KR

Pin 13 220RLed

GND

5V

GND




43

Analogical sensor

• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

5V10KR LDR

A0

GND

int sensorPin = 0;int value = 0;void setup(){ Serial.begin(9600);}void loop(){ value = analogRead(sensorPin); Serial.println(value); delay(100);}




44

Analogical actuator

• Speaker

• Controller speaker

Pin 8 100R Speaker 8R

GND

void setup() {}void loop() { tone(8, 1000, 100); delay(1000); noTone(8); delay(1000);}

Pin 8 100R Altavoz 8R

GND

A0

10KR5V

GND




45

Analogical actuator

• Mapping datavoid setup() { Serial.begin(9600);}void loop() { int sensorReading = analogRead(A0); int thisPitch = map(sensorReading, 0, 1023, 120, 1500); tone(8, thisPitch, 10); Serial.print(sensorReading); Serial.print(":"); Serial.println(thisPitch); delay(1);}




46

Conclusions

• Arduino is born of the need to provide a platform for the control that is open and accessible

• Free Hardware philosophy has made Arduino extends at high speed

• There are a wide variety of models, consequently there is a wide variety of applications

• There are also a wide variety of programming environments and simulation

• In addition, more documentation can be founded.




47

Arduino projects

• Youtube test: search “Arduino”+…– Led cube– Quadcopter– 3d printer– Robot– Rocket– Telescope– …– Your interest




48

Arduino projects

• Test the examples that Arduino IDE offers (asks the teacher the necessary components)

• Propose a circuit– A semaphore?– A “Mini” Piano?– Ask the teacher…




49

Design your own project




50

Design your own project

• Arduino oriented sensors and actuators

http://www.cooking-hacks.com/




51

Arduino in real world?

• Arduino as PLCwww.controllino.cc

www.winkhel.com

www.industrialshields.com/plc-arduino-ardbox-20ios-rele

http://www.controllino.cc/

http://www.winkhel.com/

http://www.industrialshields.com/plc-arduino-ardbox-20ios-rele

http://www.industrialshields.com/plc-arduino-ardbox-20ios-rele




52

Arduino in real world?

• Looking for a job– Arduino vs PLC

https://ec.europa.eu/eures

http://www.eurojobs.com/

http://www.infojobs.com/




Jose-Luis Poza-Luján

Thanks

For your attention and for your patient

Date post:	17-May-2015
Category:	Engineering
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