AREA STUDY: UKRAINE III. PEOPLE & SOCIETY

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• Nationality, ethnicity, minorities, languages • Religion • Demographics • Urbanization • Unemployment • Migration • Internally Displaced Persons • Healthcare and sanitation • Education, literacy • National cultural traditions, national holidays • Human trafficking reports

III. PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

Nationalities, ethnicity, minorities, languages

Nationality: noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian Ethnic groups: • Ukrainian 77.8%, • Russian 17.3%, • Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%,

Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)

Languages: • Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, • Russian (regional language) 29.6%, • other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldavian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities)

2.9% (2001 est.)

Note: 2012 legislation enables a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language," allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language

ETHNIC MAP

CRIMEAN TATARS

ETHNO-LINGUISTIC BOUNDARIES

DIALECTS

RUSSIA AS A NATIVE TONGUE

POPULATION DENSITY

PHYSICAL MAP & POPULATION

Religions

Religions: Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish note: • Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; • the vast majority - up to two-thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not

specify a particular branch; • the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's

population, • the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10% • the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; • Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013) • About 20% non-religious/agnostic/atheist

State Department Religious Freedom Report 2012 Possible split between Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox Church

Demographics

Demographic decline is even more severe in Ukraine than in Russia. A shrinking, aging and unhealthy population severely constrains both the military conscription pool and the labor force, while elder-care obligations will increasingly burden public-sector budgets. These negative trends are significantly more pronounced in the Eastern, Central and Southern parts of Ukraine than in the West.

Ukraine’s population has declined steadily since independence, losing 6.4 million people, or 12 percent, between 1990 and 2013. The UN Population Division predicts the decline will continue to below 34 million by 2050. Thus, even without the impact of war and misrule, Ukraine would be one of the most demographically challenged societies on earth.

The impact on the military conscription pool is dramatic. The number of Ukrainian military-age males has been declining since 2002 and is projected to bottom out—at a level half that of what it was in 2002—in 2018, but with a remarkably small upswing thereafter. Obviously, trends for males in the labor force will follow those of the conscription-age cohort over the coming decades.

Ukraine’s human-capital dynamics severely constrain its potential for development. For the past two decades, Ukraine’s political and economic elites have allowed critical problems of human capital to deteriorate, rather than to seek remediation of them. Efforts by new leaders and by Western sponsors to restore the unity of Ukraine must include improving the health of its population.

Sources: Databank | Euromonitor | The National Interest

Demographic development in Eastern Europe

Demographics: Population Pyramid 2015

Demographics: Population density 2014

2002

Demographics: Mortality 2014

Demographics: Fertility 2014

Urbanization

Population Density & Urbanization 1990 2000 2010

Population density (people per sq. km) in Ukraine n/a 84.9 79.2

Population in largest city in Ukraine 2,573,834.0 2,606,325.0 2,804,781.0

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in Ukraine

7.4 7.9 9.0

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million in Ukraine

6,414,075.0 6,203,715.0 6,270,436.0

Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) in Ukraine

12.4 12.6 13.7

Rural population in Ukraine 17,228,144.0 16,178,853.9 14,632,753.3

Rural population growth (annual %) in Ukraine -1.0 -1.1 -0.6

Rural population (% of total population) in Ukraine 33.2 32.9 31.9

Urban population growth (annual %) in Ukraine 0.9 -1.0 -0.3

Urban population in Ukraine 34,663,856.0 32,996,993.8 31,237,946.7

World Bank Indicators - Ukraine - Density & Urbanization

Source: Trading economics

Urbanization

Source: Shelter Cluster

Unemployment

In Ukraine, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labor force. This page provides - Ukraine Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Content for - Ukraine Unemployment Rate - was last refreshed on Sunday, June 7, 2015.

Unemployment

Ukraine Labor Last Previous Highest Lowest Unit

Unemployment Rate 9.70 9.30 10.30 6.50 percent

Unemployed Persons 486.40 506.80 1,234.00 10.00 Thousand

Wages 3,998.00 3,863.00 4,012.00 115.00 UAH/Month

Population 42.96 45.43 52.18 42.78 Million

Retirement Age Women 56.00 56.00 56.00 55.00

Retirement Age Men 60.00 60.00 60.00 60.00

Employed Persons 18,073.30 18,340.60 21,250.70 18,073.30 Thousands Persons

Source: Trading economics

LABOR MIGRANTS (2013)

POPULATION DISPLACEMENT (Mar 2015)

HUMANITARAN RELIEF (Jan 2015)

Human trafficking reports

CARIM report 2013

Human trafficking reports

• Ukraine is primarily a country of origin of victims of trafficking in human beings (THB), but also to some extent a country of destination and transit.

• Since 2000 the IOM office in Ukraine, in co-operation with NGOs providing assistance to victims of THB, has been collecting data concerning identified victims which, in the absence of a centralized national data collection system, was used by the Ukrainian authorities in their reply to GRETA’s questionnaire

• Since 2010, a significant increase in THB for the purpose of labor exploitation has been observed. This type of exploitation affected 56% of the identified victims in 2010, 70% in 2011, 80% in 2012 and 89% in 2013.

• Trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation accounted for 36% of the identified victims in 2010, 24% in 2011, 13% in 2012 and 8% in 2013.

• 10 persons were trafficked for the purpose of organ removal in 2010 and 4 in 2012.

• The current national anti-trafficking program (2013-2015) was approved by the Cabinet of Ministers on 21 March 2012.

• Definition: Article 4 of the Convention

Source: GRETA

Human trafficking reports Number of identified VoTs (2000-2015)

Source: IOM

Human trafficking reports

Main countries of destination (2000 – March 2015)

Main countries of destination, dynamics (2010-2014)

Source: IOM

Human trafficking reports

Type of exploitation

2004-06 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Sexual* 1,558 581 392 397 369 203 125 78 52 18

65% 52% 48% 51% 34% 25% 13% 8% 6% 12%

Forced labor*

741 503 404 337 612 574 761 829 825 123

31% 45% 49% 44% 56% 70% 81% 89% 91% 88%

Mixed 67 33 7 23 30 5 1 1 -- --

3% 3% 1% 3% 3% 1% 0.1% 0.1% 0% 0%

Begging 24 4 14 16 61 19 53 14 19 --

1% 0.4% 2% 2% 6% 2% 6% 1.5% 2% 0%

Other** 1 -- 3 -- 13 22 5 7 7 --

0.1% 0% 0.4% 0% 1% 3% 0.5% 1% 1% 0%

Includes: 16 attempts (2015); 21 attempts (2014); 31 attempts (2013), 11 attempts (2012), 21 attempts (2011), 27 attempts (2010), 32 attempts (2009), 20 attempts (2008), 41 attempts (2007), 31 attempts (2006), 58 attempts (2005) and 21 attempts (2004) of trafficking for sexual exploitation; three attempts (2013), 11 attempts (2010); two attempts (2009); and two attempts (2007) of trafficking for labor exploitation. **11 cases of involvement into petty criminal activity, 14 cases of organ trafficking, and one attempt of organ trafficking; 22 cases with high risk of being trafficked were included.

Source: IOM

Human trafficking reports

Gender Number of VoTs

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Female 540 713 761 849 625 596 693 471 414 447 378 91

86% 86% 81% 76% 76% 77% 64% 57% 44% 48% 42% 64%

Male 86 115 176 272 195 177 392 352 531 482 525 50

14% 14% 19% 24% 24% 23% 36% 43% 56% 52% 58% 36%

Types of exploitation by gender (2007 – March 2015)

Education of VoTs (2007 – March 2015)

Source: IOM