AREA STUDY: UKRAINE VIII. TRANSPORTATION

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• Airports • Heliports • Pipelines • Railways • Roadways • Waterways • Major seaports

VIII. TRANSPORTATION

• Airports • Heliports • Pipelines • Railways • Roadways • Waterways • Major seaports

PIPELINES

EU-Russia gas connections

http://www.platts.com/news-feature/2014/naturalgas/ukraine-crisis-energy-implications/map-oil-gas-pipelines

Crimea oil and gas assets

Oil transportation system

• Ukraine’s main oil transportation system consists of 4 767 kilometres (km) of pipelines with a diameter of up to 1 220 millimetres (mm),

• 51 pump stations, • 11 tank farms with 79 tanks with a cumulative rated capacity of about 1 million cubic metres (m3)

• The operation of oil pump stations is ensured with 176 pump units with a capacity up to 12 500

m3/hour and electric drive with a total capacity of 356.5 megawatts (MW). The throughput capacity is 114 Mt/year at the inlet and 56.3 Mt/year at the outlet.

• About 65% of the pipelines are between 30 and 40 years old: 27% over 40 years, 6% between 20 and 30 years and only 2% between 10 and 20 years.

In addition, there are about 4 625 km of smaller oil product pipelines, mostly privately owned, although their technical stage of operation is unclear. Ukraine’s oil pipeline system is operated by Ukrtransnafta, a state-owned company and an affiliate of Naftogaz. It serves to deliver crude oil supplies from Russia and Kazakhstan to oil refineries in Ukraine as well as to transit oil to central and eastern European countries (Table 8.1). The design input capacity is 84 Mt and the output capacity for transit is 36.2 Mt. The average utilization level of the oil transmission system was about 25% in the period 2009-11.

Oil pipelines, pumping stations, refineries, terminals

The Port of Odessa Oil and Gas Terminal

Source: Odessa oil & gas terminal website

The Port of Odessa Oil and Gas Terminal • The Port of Odessa's Oil and Gas Terminal is the Ukraine's largest oil harbor and handles all types of

import and export oils products and condensed gas. The berths in the Port of Odessa's oil harbor can handle tankers with capacity from one thousand to 90 thousand tons.

• At 230 meters long with alongside depth of 12.3 meters, the Port of Odessa's Oil Terminal Berth 1 can accommodate vessels up to 240 meters long.

• Berth 1 handles oil, fuel oil, and vacuum gas oil. Berth 2 can handle vessels of 250 meters in length. The berth is 270 meters long with alongside depth of 12.5 meters. Berth 4, at 120 meters long with alongside depth of 9.8 meters, can accommodate vessels to 175 meters in length.

• Berth 5 in the Oil Terminal at the Port of Odessa is 240 meters long with alongside depth of 11.6 meters, and it can accommodate vessels to 240 meters long. At 150 meters long with alongside depth of 4.8 meters, Berth 6 can accommodate vessels to 125 meters in length. Berth 7 is 175 meters long with alongside depth of 8.5 meters, and it can accommodate vessels to 135 meters long.

• Berths 1 and 2 handle oil, fuel, oil, and vacuum gas oil. Berth 4 handles diesel oil, fuel oil, vacuum gas oil, and condensed gas. Berth 5 handles oil, gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, vacuum gas oil, and petrol. Berth 6 handles gasoline and diesel oil, and Berth 7 handles condensed gas.

• Oil cargoes are moved through specialized pipelines that connect the berths to tanks. The tanks have capacity for 245 thousand cubic meters of light or dark oil, 304 thousand cubic meters of fuel oil and vacuum gas oil, 112 cubic meters of diesel oil, and 10 thousand cubic meters of gasoline. The tank bases have rail sidetracks and overpasses. A common gas terminal is located three kilometers from the oil harbor with capacity to handle 700 thousand tons of condensed gas per year, and the oil harbor can handle a total of 25.5 million ton of crude oil and oil products per year. This includes 15.3 million tons of oil, 6.2 million tons of fuel oil, 2.5 million tons of diesel oil, and 800 thousand tons of other oil products.

Source: World Port Source Odessa terminal website

Oil refineries

Odessa Refinery (LUKOIL), 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m3/d) LINOS Refinery (TNK-BP), 320,000 bbl/d (51,000 m3/d) – mothballed in 2012 Kherson Refinery (Alliance), 36,000 bbl/d (5,700 m3/d) - Kremenchuk Refinery (Ukrtatnafta) 368,500 bbl/d (58,590 m3/d) Drogobych Refinery (Pryvat) 40,000 bbl/d (6,400 m3/d) Neftekhimik Prikarpatya Nadvirna Refinery (Pryvat) 39,000 bbl/d (6,200 m3/d) Odessa: • In July 2013, Lukoil completed the sale of the Odessa oil refinery in Ukraine to Vetek with

the transfer of 99.6% stake. (1Derrick) • Ownership of the refinery is in question after a report it had been acquired by a Russian

bank and the Ukrainian government which took power following the overthrow of the Kremlin-backed president in February has said it wants control of the refinery. (Apr 22, 2015 Reuters)

Oil pipelines

• The oil-trunk pipeline system of Ukraine consists of

• 19 pipelines with diameter up to 1220 mm and overall length on route - 3506,6 km, and in one line - 4767,1 km,

• oil pumping stations and marine oil terminal “Pivdenniy”, tank-farms, power supply systems, corrosion prevention systems, automatic remote control system, technological communication network, fire prevention installations and erosion prevention facilities.

• The throughput capacity of the system: inlet - 114 MTA and outlet – 56,3 MTA.

• The operation of 51 oil pumping stations are provided by 176 pumping units with the single efficiency up to 12500 m³/hour and electric drive with capacity over 356,5 thousand kW.

• The total tank farm capacity of the system is 1083 thousand m³. 79 tanks of different types are currently operated.

• The MOT “Pivdenny” is designed to accept and discharge crude oil which is transported by oil-trunk pipelines of Ukraine. Oil terminal capacity is 14,5 MTA with possible extension up to 45 MTA. Deadweight of tankers is up to 150 thousand tones with maximum draught 13,8 meters, tank-farm capacity is 200 thousand m³.

Source: UkrTransNafta

Major gas transit pipelines to Europe Ukraine depends on imports to meet about three-fourths of its annual oil and natural gas requirements and 100% of its nuclear fuel needs. After a two-week dispute that saw gas supplies cutoff to Europe, Ukraine agreed to 10-year gas supply and transit contracts with Russia in January 2009 that brought gas prices to "world" levels. The strict terms of the contracts have further hobbled Ukraine's cash-strapped state gas company, Naftohaz.

Gas deposits and infrastructure I

Source: IEA

Gas deposits and infrastructure II

Source: EEGAS

Russian gas storage facilities

Source: EEGAS

• Airports • Heliports • Pipelines • Railways • Roadways • Waterways • Major seaports

RAILWAYS

RAILWAYS

Railways Overview • Ukraine has a developed railway network, its total working mileage amounts to over 22 000

kilometers. Two third of Ukrainian railway lines are heavy worked, equipped with modern management facilities, dispatcher's centralization and automatic block system.

• Ukrainian railway directly borders and cooperates with railways of Russia, Byelorussia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Hungary and ensures the work with 40 international railway cross-walks, and also serves 18 Ukrainian seaports of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov basin.

• The administration of public railway transport is State Administration of Railway Transport of Ukraine "Ukrzaliznytsia", which was established in December 1991. The management sphere of Ukrzaliznytsia covers the railways of Donetsk, Lviv, Odessa, Pivdenna (Southern), Pivdenno-Zakhidna (Southwestern) and Pridniprovska (Near-Dnipro) Railways, and also other enterprises and organizations of integrated industrial-engineering complex, that enables freight and passengers transportation.

• Ukrzaliznytsia accomplishes centralized management of the transportation process in inland and interstate communication regulates railway industrial and economic activity.

• Ukrzaliznytsia (State Administration of Railway Transport of Ukraine) – public railway authority, responsible for and interstate communication, regulates railway industrial and economic activity.

• The Ukrainian railway working network amounts to nearly 22 000 km, 45% of it is electrified.

• Ukrzaliznytsia includes 210 enterprises, institutions, and organizations; among them are 6 railways, 7 open joint-stock companies, 106 medical and health-improving facilities, car-repair plants, and engineering research institutions and other enterprises that employ over 400,000 staff.

• 1497 railway stations, 55 engine and 48 wagon depots, 110 permanent way division, 69 warning and communication division, 44 energy supply communication are functioning on the railways.

Source: UZ

Railways Overview

Source: UZ

Statistical data: • Total length of main track — 21705,2 km • Electrified tracks — 9878 km (45 %) • Width of the tracks — 1520 mm • The number of the railway stations — 1497 • railway terminals 128, among them 31 – of the first rank and upper • railway crossings – 5574; particularly, equipped with automatic highway crossing signal – 4191,

among them with a signalman – 1441 • Freight car fleet — 132,500 units • Carriage rolling stock — 7217 units • Diesel locomotive stock — 2447 units • Electric locomotive stock — 1863 units • Inventory rolling stock of the suburban traffic accounts for 1547 sections of the electric

locomotives (particularly, 14 sections of the rail buses), among them 1340 – in service. • Inventory rolling stock of the diesel-multiple unit train — 528 sections, among them 247 – in

service • Number of employees — 403 000 • Density of passenger traffic in 2011 — 427 000 000 passengers • Transportation volume in 2011 — about 468 300 000 ton • The number of deluxe passenger train — 63 units

Timetables