AREVA T&DPower Electronics – HVDC & FACTSPower Electronics HVDC & FACTS

Jourden SergeSenior Area Manager Europe/Africa/China

The 2 nd of March 2007

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AREVA Group Overview

AREVA T&D Overview

AREVA T&D Businesses

AREVA T&D OfferingAREVA T&D Offering

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Organization of the group

FRONT ENDDivision

REACTORS & SERVICESDivision

BACK ENDDivision

TRANSMISSION& DISTRIBUTION

Division

• Plants

• Equipment

• Mining

• Chemistry

• Treatment

• Recycling• Products

• ServicesEquipment

• Nuclear Services

• Nuclear Measurements

• Consulting& Information Systems

Chemistry

• Enrichment

• Fuel

Recycling

• Logistics

• Clean-up

• Engineering

• Services

• Systems

• Automation

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• AREVA TA

AREVA around the globe

100 countriesMarketing & Sales

€6,754M: 67%of all sales come from outside France

40 countriesProduction & Manufacturing

EUROPE & CIS63% of sales- Nuclear: 77%- T&D: 23%43,279employees

ASIA-PACIFIC12% of sales- Nuclear: 45%

NORTH & SOUTHAMERICA18% Nuclear: 45%

- T&D: 55%5,824employees

18% of sales- Nuclear: 74%- T&D: 26%7,912employees AFRICA &

MIDDLE EAST7% of sales7% of sales- Nuclear: 12%- T&D: 88%1,745employees

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Production & manufacturing

AREVA Group Overview

AREVA T&D Overview

AREVA T&D Businesses

AREVA T&D OfferingAREVA T&D Offering

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T&D Division

Complete range of products, systems and servicesfor electricity transmission and distribution:

Regulation

Transformation

Dispatching of electric current in power grids

~€4 000M€4,000MSales in 2006

~22,000Employees

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Our Businesses

PRODUCTS SYSTEMS AUTOMATION SERVICE

• Turnkey Transmission Projects• Turnkey Distribution

Projects

• HV Switchgear• Power and

Distribution Transformers

• Automation Products• Automation Systems• Automation Support

• Network Consulting• Erection &

Commissioning• Maintenance &

• Power Electronics• Decentralized Power

Supply Systems

• Measurement Transformers• MV Switchgear

Repair & Retrofit• Spare Parts• Training and

Expertise• Proximity Projects • Total Asset Care

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• Total Asset Care

AREVA Group Overview

AREVA T&D Overview

AREVA T&D Businesses

AREVA T&D Offering

AREVA T&D Power Electronics– HVDC & FACTSHVDC & FACTS

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AREVA T&D SYSTEMS BUBusiness Unit Assistant

Dominique DupontSYSTEMS BU

Michel AugonnetSYSTEMS BU

Michel Augonnet

Support functions

O ti

FinanceLuis Flaquer

SourcingOli i S i t

q p

HR & collective performanceDominique Vincent

Michel AugonnetMichel Augonnet

OperationsPaul Brossier

Olivier Seignovert

Region 1 Region 2Product lines DistributedPower

CommunicationsToni Lepone

Region 1Rathin Basu

Region 2Jean Nakache

EnergyGilles David

Sub-Product lines

Power Electronics

A. Canelhas

J.C. Iemma

Distribution Segment (DIS)

Graham Johnson

HVDC

Transmission Segment (TRA)Y. Grandjean /

SYS 1 DENSYS 2HVDC

& FACTS

SPS

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J. Castro

Power ElectronicsHVDC & FACTS Sub-Product Line

HVDC & FACTSA. Canelhas VP

Operations (shared with SPL)B. Baudry

FinanceR. Subramanian

C i l Di tT h i l Ad i Commercial DirectorE. Moutaux

Technical AdvisorJ. Courault

R&D for Control SystemsA. Relet

Business DevelopmentS. Jourden, N. Kirby, P. Sauger

Marketing DirectorR. Critchley

R. Bonchang

UK (PES)A. Canelhas

ChinaA. Canelhas (acting)

IndiaA. BhardwajTendering

S t E i i

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jSystem EngineeringTechnologyR&DSourcing

HVDC & FACTSS b P d t Li

Power ElectronicsScope of Activities

Sub-Product Line

Power Flow Control500

kV

HVDC: for both Back to Back and Point to Point schemes (overhead line or cable)

Power QualityHVDC

FACTS: SVC, STATCOM….. for Utilities and Industry

Power SuppliesElectrolysis substation: for production of aluminium

HVDC

Electrolysis substation: for production of aluminium, chlorine, copper, zinc up to 500kA -1500VDC.Traction substation: for both AC and DC suppliesSpecial supplies, e.g. laboratories

38FACTS p pp , g

ELECTROLYSIS1.5

kA

15

TRACTION

0

12 12

6 5004kA

200

Power Electronic Activities Interacting Key Domains

System Studies/Design

Power transformerMachine

MICROELECTRONIC POWERC O C O CCOMPONENTS COMPONENTS

POWER

INTEGRATION

ALGORITHMS TOPOLOGY

R b t INTEGRATION

COOLINGRobustness

AREVA T&D PEA

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AREVA T&D PEA

Basic HVDC Transmission

DC link ReceivingSendingE d

InverterRectifier

TransformerEndEnd

Vdc

F FIdc

Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)

Idcii i

t

Idci

t

i

Iact

i

Iac

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Basic HVDC TransmissionBack to Back

InverterRectifier ReceivingSendingE d

TransformerEndEnd

Vdc

F F

Idc

Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)

Idcii i

t

Idci

t

i

Iact

i

Iac

15 15

Basic HVDC TransmissionPoint to Point – Overhead Line

InverterRectifier

ReceivingSendingE d DC Line

TransformerEndEnd

Vdc

F F

Idc

Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)

Idcii i

t

Idci

t

i

Iact

i

Iac

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Basic HVDC TransmissionPoint to Point – Submarine Cable

InverterRectifier

ReceivingSendingE d

TransformerEndEnd

Vdc

F F

Idc

Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)

Idcii i

t

Idci

t

i

Iact

i

Iac

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Basic HVDC TransmissionPoint to Point – Underground Cable

InverterRectifier

ReceivingSendingE d

TransformerEndEnd

Vdc

F F

Idc

Harmonic Filter(Reactive Power)

Idcii i

t

Idci

t

i

Iact

i

Iac

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HVDC Configuration OptionsMonopole & Bipole

Monopole example at 500 MW500 MW Monopole

FF F FFF F FPole 1

500 MWPole 1

500 MWAC

HV Cable

LV Cable AC

+ +

Bipole example built from two 500 MW poles

FF F FFF F F

1000 MW Bipole

HV Cable+ +FF F FFF F F

FF F FFF F F

Pole 1500 MW

Pole 1500 MW

LV CableAC AC

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Pole 2500 MW

Pole 2500 MW

HV Cable- -

Classical 12-pulse HVDC SchemeMain Equipment

Converter Transformers

DC ReactancesThyristor Bridges

DC Filters

~ ~+

Vdc

FF FF DC lineSwitched Filter

BanksSwitched Filter

Banks

FF FF

_

Banks Banks

Many thyristors connected in series3-phase, 6-pulse

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in series3 phase, 6 pulse bridge

HVDCWhat are the Market Drivers?

Geographic mismatch of energy supply and load demand

Including off-shore wind farm generationg g

Energy Trading

Deregulation

System Improvement

Insurance against, dips, interruptions & blackoutsHow to value in the Return on Investment equation?

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The Perfect Tool

Advantages of HVDC Links

The Power Flow on an HVDC link is Fully Controllable - Fast and Accurate!

The Operator or automatic controller determines how much power flowsThe Operator or automatic controller determines how much power flows via the link

An HVDC Link is asynchronous - the ac voltage and frequency in the two ac networks can be controlled independently of each other.

The HVDC link can be used to assist one (or even both) of the ac networks (e.g. power system damping)

HVDC links do not increase the Short Circuit Level of the system

Faults don’t transfer across HVDC interconnected systems

HVDC provides increased Transmission Capacity in a fixed corridor“Up to 3 times more power per tower”Up to 3 times more power per tower

HVDC can transport energy economically and efficiently over longer distance than ac lines or cables.

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Sometimes HVDC is the only option!

Why Use HVDC?

C ti f t tiConnection of remote generation >700km

Submarine links

StationCost

>40km

Frequency conversion 50 60Hz

DCConvertorS i

DCBreak EvenDistance

50-60Hz

When synchronism of AC connections is impossible

Stations

ACStations

AC

Stations

TransmissionDistance

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The Perfect Tool

AREVA - Pioneers in HVDC

Inventors of Phase Locked Loop (1960s - now Industry standard)

Operation at less than unity short-circuit power ratio

)

3-terminal HVDC scheme

AC system damping control

Water/Glycol single circuit cooling system

Unmanned HVDC scheme 4-terminal HVDC scheme

Largest capacity (2000MW) submarine cable scheme with

“Black-start” capability at receiving end

I t t t lsubmarine cable scheme, with highest utilisation of all such schemes

No smoothing reactor required

Inverter current control

Operation without telecommunications

No smoothing reactor required

Four-winding converter transformers

Creating a national grid using back-to-back HVDC

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Our HVDC Experience

Nelson River OHL Konti-Skan 1De-icer+SVCDü h *

Cheju Haenam

Nelson River OHLBP1 1000MW 1973/93BP2 2000 MW 1978/85 *

380MW Cable2006

250MW2006

Dürnrohr *380MW B-B1983/97

Cheju-Haenam300MW Cable1999McNeill

150MW B-B UK-France

SACOI380MW Cable +OHL1967/85/93

1989Chandrapur2 x500MW B-B1997

2000MW Cable1986

GCCIA BtB

1967/85/93

Rivera

Vizag500MW B-B1999

Sasaram500MW B-B2001

GCCIA BtB3 x 600MW2008

Rivera 70MW B-B2000

Cahora Bassa *1920MW OHL1978

* AREVA T&D partnering with the German HVDC Group

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~20% Market Share of HVDC Projects

AREVA T&DAREVA T&DSome Examples of our HVDC Experience

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400kV400kV

F

F FSVC

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

F

SVC

Sellindge(NGC) La Manche

LesMandarins

(EDF)

SVC

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Single line diagram IFA 2000

T1201

Cross ChannelSellindge Converter Station

2000MW double bipole HVDC scheme

In service 1985/86, Air cooled valves

SVC per bipole

World’s largest HVDC cable scheme

A il bilit

Bipole 2 Control Building

Bipole 1

AvailabilitySpecified = 95 %

Achieved > 97 5 %

Filters

Filters

BuildingAchieved > 97.5 %

Highest Utilization of

all HVDC Schemes Filters

99.5%EdF stated that the

scheme paid for itself 4

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400kV GISSubstation

SVC 2 SVC 1Cable Route

scheme paid for itself 4 times over in the first 10 years of operation!

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Sellindge

30 30Les Mandarins

Sardinia – Corsica – ItalySACOI

200 MW 200 kV Monopole

Overhead Line plus S b i C blSubmarine Cable

Commissioned 1967

Corsica tap added in 1986Corsica tap added in 1986

Italy

Corsica

Sardinia

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South Korea - Cheju Cable Link

300 MW, ±180 kV, 840 A

100k b i bl li k100km submarine cable link

Commissioned 1997

Sole power source to load

Seoul

S. KOREASole power source to load-growth island

First HVDC link with:Inverter control of current

Operation without telecoms

“Bl k t t” t i i d“Black-start” at receiving endCheju

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ALSTOM HVDC in India -Creating a National Grid

Sasaram 500 MW2002

ChandrapurChandrapur2 x 500 MW

1997Visakhapatnam 500 MW

1998

2 000 C S O

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2,000 MW HVDC supplied by ALSTOM

The Perfect HVDC Solution

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Sasaram 500MW Back-to-Back HVDC Project

Recent experiences

2006: Successful commissioning of the HVDC link between Denmark and Swedenbetween Denmark and Sweden

2005: Order booked in Canada for an HVDCiceTM2005: Order booked in Canada for an HVDCiceHVDC that can be reconfigured as an SVC

2005: Order booked in Saudi Arabia for a 3*660 MW HVDC schemes for Gulf countries networks interconnection: GCCIA projectp j

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HVDC link between Denmark and Sweden

Replace Pole 1 of HVDC submarineReplace Pole 1 of HVDC submarine link: Denmark to SwedenTwo new converter stations

Danish same site as Pole 2

KS2

KS1

Danish same site as Pole 2Swedish move to be at same site as Pole 2

Additi f bi l t l tAddition of a bi-pole control systemEnables high-level control of the existing Pole 2 as well as the new Konti-Skan 1 polepAutomatic balancing currents to cancel current flow in the sea

Converter stations fully automatedControl to be from a dispatch centre in Stockholm

Power increase to full cable rating

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From 275MW to 380MWFrom 250kV to 285kV

Hydro-Quebec’s problem

During the ice storm in the winter of 1998, an accumulation of ice toppled towers andof ice toppled towers and downed hundreds of kilometres of high-voltage transmission lines.The ice storm generated ice buildup as much as 75mmAround 1 4 million people inAround 1.4 million people in Québec were without power for up to a week

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The SolutionAREVA de-icer …. HVDCice™

Another application of HVDC technologyAnother application of HVDC technology

AREVA HVDCice™ technologyGenerates up to 7,200 Adc to increase conductor temperature causing ice to melt and fall off

1st project for Hydro Quebec at Levis b t ti h b th t t fi t t isubstation, a hub that connects five strategic

lines When not used for de-icing, system will act as

SVC t i th lit f than SVC to improve the power quality of the local transmission network.Mode changeover < 30 minutesIn Service November 2006

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HVDCice™ … World's first use of HVDC to de-ice power lines

De-Icer Mode of Operation

5/7/11/1370MVAr

HP155MVAr

7,200A dc

DC &60HzFilters

315kV 43kV315kV 43kV

20kV

TSC154MVAr

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HP255MVAr

…. To SVC Mode of Operation

5/7/11/1370MVAr

HP155MVAr

315kV TCR43kV

20kV

315kV TCR43kV

TSC154MVAr

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HP255MVAr

GCCIA:Gulf countries networks interconnection

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GCCIA : first HVDC in Gulf countries

Turnkey contract for three 600 MW

i lnominal power back-to-back HVDC schemes

616MW to be616MW to be installed per scheme to compensate f t lfor tolerances and transmission losses

Contract signed in Nov 2005

Commissioning by

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Commissioning by end 2008.

GCCIA: Site Location

GCCIA: Scope of Works

3 HVDC Back to Back schemes will connect the 50Hz 400kV

Turnkey Solution

(Saudi Arabia) and 60Hz 380 kV ac gridsEach Back to Back rated at 600MW & located at the same site

But independent in operationBut independent in operation

Each converter station will consist of:AC switchyards with harmonic filter baysAC switchyards with harmonic filter baysConverter transformersThyristor valves and controlsCivil WorksCable connection to existing & New Substations

Onerous cooling requirements as ambient is +550C

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Onerous cooling requirements as ambient is 55 CStringent limitations in use of water prevents use of evaporative cooling techniques

HVDC Valves

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H400: Latest Technology HVDC ValvesKontiSkan HVDC Scheme

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Latest TechnologyH400 HVDC Valves

Uses considerably fewer, state-of-the-art thyristor devices

Future-proofed for devices known to be made available during p gnext 10 yearsModular using a standardised approachapproach

Significant increase in reliability

Greater power per valve moduleGreater power per valve moduleReduces building sizes

>40% reduction in cost compared to previous version

Classified as world-beating by TransEnergie of Canada

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TransEnergie of CanadaWorld’s most advanced HVDC user

Control Systems

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Latest TechnologySeries V Control System

Common modular platform for all power electronics solutions

Scalable flexible and fully digitalScalable, flexible and fully digital

High Dynamic Performance

Extremely easy re-use of engineeringExperience capitalization

Future proofed“Evergreen” ControlsEvergreen Controls

S/W architecture divorced from hardware as much as possible

Classified as significantly superior toClassified as significantly superior to its closest rival by TransEnergie of Canada

World’s most advanced HVDC user

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World s most advanced HVDC user

Series V: Overview of implementationDuplicated system for Back to Back HVDC

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Valve Test Facilities

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Valve Test FacilityEssential to be able to test HVDC and SVC valves to international standards

During development

D i t tDuring contracts

Facility established 1960sOnly 3 similar facilities exist in the worldOnly 3 similar facilities exist in the world

Currently undergoing ~€10M investment

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VSC HVDC

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VSC HVDC SchemeMain Equipment

DC Link Capacitors

Transistor Bridge Converter

DC Chopper, discharge & O/V

protection

Converter Transformer

Bridge ReactorRFI Reactor+

Vdc

0V

FF

DC cableNon-switched

High Frequency

FF_Vdc

High Frequency Filters

Many transistors connected in series

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in series

3-phase bridge, PWM 1- 2kHz

Why VSC HVDC? - 1

VSC is close to an ideal component for use in T&D networksIt acts as a motor or a generator, without mass, that can control active and reactive power simultaneouslyp yVSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC

Black Start capabilityVSC t it AC lt i th i i t ithVSC generates its own AC voltage in the receiving system with controlled amplitude and phase angleCan connect to a weak or isolated network (or load) without the need for equipment to provide a commutation voltage (Synchronous Compensator)Compensator)

No possibility of commutation failureCan use standard transformersMinimal filtering requirements – only high frequency (2-4kHz)

Active and reactive power independently controlled in one equipment

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Capacitive as well as inductive reactive powerFast response

Why VSC HVDC? - 2

VSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC Cont’dVSC offers many benefits compared to classical LCC – Cont’dNo filter or other reactive power switching requiredCompact dimensions and lower weight

Mainly due to very small filtering requirements

Power reversal by adjusting the DC voltage at both converter stations

No polarity reversal required – ideal for cable schemes using much lower cost and weight extruded cablesNo control mode changes or blocking required

S th fl i ht d tSmooth power flow, right down to zeroNo discontinuous current flows

High dynamic control performanceBuilt-in STATCOM functionality to help support the gridMulti-terminal configurations are simple

Many terminals can easily incorporated

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y y p

Very fast recovery from network faultsDue to no need for large reactive power banks

Disadvantages of VSC HVDC

Higher capital equipment costT i ll 15%Typically 15%

Higher power loss More than double that of classical LCC, usually 3 timesMore than double that of classical LCC, usually 3 times

EMC issues much more important

Immature technology

Inherently has lower reliabilityDue to much greater component count

100s of small IGBT chips versus 1 thyristor slice

Not used for overhead lines yetMost probably because of problems of protection against lightning

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Most probably because of problems of protection against lightning

Typical Classical & VSC HVDC Losses~500MW nominal load

Converter stationsClassical 0.6%

VSC HVDC 1.8% (2 level with optimised PWM)

200km of cableCl i l 1 4%Classical 1.4%

VSC HVDC 1.8%

Scheme totalClassical 2.0% - need 510MW in to get 500MW out

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VSC HVDC 5.4% - need 528MW in to get 500MW out

Reliability/Availability IssuesClassical HVDC

Uses single slice thyristors, which are easier to protect: They have a significant surge rating capabilitySwitching is regenerativeSwitching is regenerative

Fewer devices in series and associated auxiliariesState of art is 8.5kV, 125mm diameter devices

Pressure contact double sided cooling keeps silicon cooler

Simple gate drive with low PSU requirements

Less cooling plantLess cooling plantFor devices and the building

Filters are at lower frequencies

More complex transformers

Well proven technologyDeveloped over >40 years

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Developed over >40 years

Reliability/Availability issuesVSC HVDC

E h IGBT i d f ll hiEach IGBT is made from many small chipsVirtually no surge ratingNon-regenerative switching

Devices de saturate under overcurrent- Devices de-saturate under overcurrent

2.5kV devices, therefore many more items to put in seriesPressure contact to emmiter has to be via springs

Th f ff ti l i l id d l dTherefore effectively single sided cooledEven more devices needed to meet ratings

More cooling plant equipment neededF b th d i d b ildiFor both devices and building

Very complex gate drive with high PSU requirementsCreated from switching action

Filters are at higher frequencySimpler transformerAs yet, immature technology

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IGBT chip

Monopole, Bipole and “Bipolar”

MonopoleMonopoleLoss of link if one cable or one leg of converter goes out of service

ClassicalFF F FFF F F

Pole 1 Pole 1

HV Cable

LV Cable

+VClassical

0V

+V

12 pulse bridge

VSC HVDCVSC HVDC

-V6 pulse bridge

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+V and –V equates to “bipolar” operation to create sinewave at the AC sideIt is not a BIPOLE

HVDC Configuration OptionsBipolep

Loss of only 50% power if one cable or one leg of converter goes out of service

ClassicalFF F F

Pole 1 Pole 1

HV Cable

LV Cable

Classical

FF F F

Pole 2 Pole 2

LV Cable

HV Cable

Requires 2 fully insulated cables

VSC HVDCRequires

4 fully insulatedinsulated

cables

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Comparison of Classical HVDC and VSC Transmission

Classical HVDC VSC Transmission

Station Cost ☺☺Power Losses ☺Reliability/Availability ☺Reliability/Availability ☺Control of reactive power ☺Operation into passive ☺Operation into passive

AC network ☺Footprint ☺P i ☺Proven experience

(Service life) ☺Power range ☺

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Long distance transmission ☺