ARMAGH CONSERVATION AREA

ARMAGH CONSERVATION AREA

ARMAGH CONSERVATION AREA Contents

AcknowIedgements List of Illustrations

Section I Background Planning context Conservation Area Boundary Designation and its objectives

Se.ctiga. Q. Historical development 14.=.,- ,,. .

The Cathedrals and their settings I5 The Commercial Grea I 6 The Malt Area 17 Irish/Ogle/rhornas. . Streets Area l8

Section Design ~uidelhes

Section IV Financial Assistince 34 Listed Buildings 36 Glossary of Architectural Terms Q1 Further Reading 42

Acknowledgements Tbe Department wishes to record its gratitude to the following people for their

assistance in producing this booklet :

Mr Robert McKinstry, Consultant Architect to the Department for Armagh Conservation Area who provided the design advice within the booklet and for the many hours he devoted to its preparation.

Mr Jason McKinstry, Architectural Illustrator, who was commissioned by the Department to provide a selection of watercolour and line drawings and whose work greatly enhances this publication.

Mr Edgar Brown from the Department's Graphic Unit wbose excellent photographs have been used as illustrations,

Mr Roger Weatherup, Curator of Armagh County Museum, for his historical advice and permission to reproduce several old postcards, the O'Hagan map and the James Black oil painting.

Mr Richard Orarn from the Department's Historic Monuments Branch for his advice on listed buildings.

The Ulster Architectural Heritage Society for use of information from their book The Buildings of Armagh prior to publication and the National Library of Ireland for permission to reproduce the Lawrence photograph.

To the staff of the Armagh Regeneration Trust who researched, set out, typed and proof-read the publication.

To all the many school pupils who entered the Armagh Heritage Art Competition and especially those whose paintings have been used to complement the title page of each section namely:

a Ruth NesbittB ( Armagh Royal) Cathy Devlin (Mt. St.CatherinesPS) b Carole Gorman St .Ca thWs College) Helen Campbell (St.CatherinetsCollege)

Mark McGahan (St.Patrick'sGrammar) Christina McGurgan (SLCatheriaels) Thomas McQuade (St.htricY s Grammar) Peter Boyle (St. Patrick's Grammar) CeIine McGuirk (St Catherine's College) It]Paul Kirk (St.Patrick's Grammar) John Monaghan (ChristianBrohers-PS) Rory O'Donneli (St. Palrick's Grammar) Leanna Leo& (Mt.St.Catherine'sPS) n]ayne Pickering (St. Patrick's Grammar)

List of Illustrations

1 Church ofbland Cathdd €mmMarket Smt(co1our drawing) page

4 2 The City of Armagh' oil painting by James Black 1810 6 3 CoIlage of previous reports 7 4 Overview of Armagh 8 5 Armagh CansewationArea ( Map No.l) 9 6 Roman Catholic Catfiedratfrom English Street (colourdrawing) I 1 7 Market Rouse and the Northern Bank (coIourdrawing) 12 8 Armagh Map by James O'Hagan C.E.1851 14 9 Original Belfast Banknow Tourist Information Centre (drawing) 14 10 Church of Ireland Cathedd (old postcard) I5 11 Roman Catholic Cathedral {oldpostcard) 15 12 Corner of Abky Street (drawing) 16 13 The Mall (c. 1890William Lawrence Collection) 17 14 M e m o t i t Place refurbishd 17 l5 Ogle Skeet (drawing) 18 16 The Cornmarket Building in the Shambles (drawing) 18 17 bbbin Street and Old Buttemarket Clock Tower (colourdrawing) 19 18 Credit Union,1 1Rwsell Street, 60sfacade 19 W i t Union, l l Russell Street, new facade 20 Shops in old houses, Ogle S-t (drawing) 21 1st PresbyterianChurch and Bank of Ireland (drawin@ 22 Gaol Square (drawing) 23 Mew terrace of houses in Jenny's Row 24 New shops, offices and flats 61-65 Scotch S m t 25 New Blwk, Armagh RoyalSchool 26 Dobbin Hous~Scotch Smt , rearextension 27 Nos.15-l6C a k l d Close

21 2I 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24

28 Bay windows and porch extension,5 St. Mark'sPlace, MallEhst 24 29 The Market House 24 30 Panoramic view acrossIrish Street 25 3 1 Views of roofs looking up Scotch Street 25 32 Roofscape from Market Street 25 33 Gables surd chimneys, Abbey Street (drawing) 26

34 Eaves gutter, 3 & 4 St Mark's Place, M d East 35 Chimney stack, College Street 36 Roof ventilators, 61-65 Scotch Street 37 Conical mf and cresting 8 Hartford Place, Mall East 38 Dormer windows 61'7 Mall West {drawing) 39 Sash window No.f 2, Victoria Street 40 Sash window No 48, Dobbin Street 41 Sash window No.15, Abbey Street 42 Modern window,New Block, Armagh Royal School 43 Carziage Arch lIT1 l Beresford Row, Mall East (drawing) 44 Doorway, 10 Dobbin Street 45 Doorway, 6 Beresford Row, Mall East 46 Doorway, 14 Victoria Street 47 Modem doorway, 8 Newry Road 48 Ashlar stonework,Trustee Savings Bank,Gaol Square 49 Coursed rubble stonework, 2-3 St Mark's Place 50 Painted plaster rendering, 3 Edward Street 5 1 Brickwork, 1 Hartford Place,Mall East 52 Shops in Scotch Street (drawing) 53 Shopfront, 9 English Street 54 Hand painted sign, 2S Ogle Street 55 Hand painted hanging sign, Dawson Sweet 56 Hand painted hanging sign, 29 Scotch Street 57 Rainwater pipe with trunk head,All3 Bank, English Street 58 Batcony railings, Charlemant Place,Mall East 59 Railings at entrance to Roman Catholic CathadraI 60 New gates, Armagh Royal School, College Hill 61 Knocker, 7 Hartford Place, Mall East 62 Urn and pedestal, Whdey's Buildings, 58 Castle Street 63 Charlernont Place and Beresford Row (colour drawing) 64 6 Russell Street 65 Listed Buildings in the ConservationArea (Map No.2) 66 The Mall (colow drawing)

Section I Introduction

Background

Planning Cd-*t&-xf

Conservation Area Boundary

The Designation and its objectives 10

Background

The Plamring (NI)Order 1972, provided legislation for the first time in Northem Ireland forthe protectionof the hvince'sheritage ofbuildings ofspecialarchitecturalorhistoricinterest and forthedesignatingofwhole weas of similar interest, the character and appearance of which it is desirableto preserve orenhance. During the 1970s, someten Conserva-tion Areas were designated by the Department among which were Londondemy,Hillsborough, Cmickfergus, Glenarm andCushendall.

A substmtial part of central Armagh clearly met these requirementsbut it was not until July 1981 that it was designateda ConservationArea by the Ihpiment. Though by no means allembracing, the area encom-passed many of the public buildings which had been built in the 18th century, the Church of Ireland Cathedral precinct and the commercial core. But the achievements made by designation were greatly fhs-during the 1980s by tbe coslsiderable damagecausedby civil unrest and ,W .ensuingdeterioration ofthe physical q v i w ~ e s t .

Almost ten years later the tide had turned and in May 1989, the Depart-ment of theEnvironmentcommissionedTtaeIhpmnent of Architecture and Planning at Queen'sUniversity,Belfast,to identify furher opportu-nitiesforconservation. Among therecommendations within their report was a proposal to extend Armagh Conservation Area and h m p r a k the re&dtr of its historiccore. In the light of thegrowingrecognition that conservationhasapositive role to play in economicregeneration, the Department, though the recently formed ArmaghRegenedon Trust, accepted rhis recommendation. InFebruary 1991, the existing bounda-ries of the Armagh Consewation h a were extended to include two additional areas which completedand roundedoff the natural boundaries of the historic m a and also build upon the achievements that had already been made,

Thebasicpremiseunderlyingthes q e andextentof aConservationA m is that designation should not only signify the ptemation of an area of historic buildingsbut recognizethat a numberof historic elements have collective1y determined the spw:ial character of h a & which will continue to provide the h i s for maintaining its unique identity.

The aim of canservationis not only tokeep buildings pleasant to look at or asarecordof someaspect of history;it mustalsoensurethecontinuing vitality and function of the areas in the present day context. W opportunities exist for the casemation of the building heritage as the means of promoting Armagh as a vital tourist venue while at the same time raising local morale and developing a sense of community pride. Conservationneedsactiveparticipationby thelocal communityandwork involved ia maintainingand enhancing the Conswation Area may dso help to stirnulate economic activity.

The Pl-g Catext

TheArmaghhPlm (1973) and heArmagh CenWhSmdy(1976] C ~ ~ o n . A r wwas extended inF e k w y 1991vmuring that allthe bothemphasisedtheim~ceofrhehistoricf r a m e w o r k o f ~ ~ t o t ksigmifimnt historic $femersts were irrc1uW within its boutlwes* urbanare& asawb1e. Indeed oneof theeed-ndatinnn in*e C m f d hStudy was that the Mall and m u d n g s , a:portioiiof the d d city indudiag Market S m t , Abbey Street, C d e Smt and the Chnrch of Wand CatEwhd should he canfumed asa Conmation h a

I k p t m d recopkd the validity of tbis m e n d a t i o n and a substantialpm of listuricArmagh was f d t y ~~inJuly 1981.

The 1970swere yeamof civic umst,rmdduring his -thecity s&md considexable damage toits physical WC.This was e- by low public morale and m k e d by little public or private investment. The W i g d o n ofthe Cmsewati011 Areawas, *foreI a watershed in that

was the first fomalmgnition of the quality of Amagh't building heritage 'au~ ahead.a pointer tobe:mMW

. .In April 1989, the responsibility for the dmmbats"mofC o ~ m a t i o n has,includingthe grams$& of CmsmatitioaAreap t sfornon-1iW buildings,.wsrS ~ ~ h mHistoric Monuments.9t Buildings BmcR to the Divisional P b i h g &W. lhismarks s change in emphasis,for insteadof&signation mthe fiarilstep in aprocess, it has now become the bgimhg of a posithe and ~ o tattitpdei by~the Department toward$sngohgim~vmmtsmdenhaeementwithin,heComavation Area InAmagh the publication of thisbooklet is m e h e r stepinBe: move to e m that new development not take away h m the: tdammtal quality ofthe area and W old builwgs m show the respect they d e w e .

Dmhgthe 1980sthmw~a~~waldmomtinAtm~arratclurietW gad inJune 198%Armagh District C o d cqmnhioned L.&R. Mure Consultan@t o u a d e ~ a t o u t i s r n ~ v e l ~ e n t ~ m f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i a g ~ y a n h&City; l%&Northem Irelarid Tourist Board readily s u p p d lhis movefor itwasfeltttiatthecity'sheritagemuldprovidethemmmwhereby Amughmightachieve:ahighmtourismpmfleand,withif,theptentialfor itiifuturedevelopmenkToa%@ in@sl-pmposalswere madetoprovidea seriesof~i~amacti~inthecenmof~~a~~rm~reautili8ing derelict hfldhgsand undemd land.

In April 1990 The Department of Environment(Nl), Armagh District Council and the Tourist Board formed the Amagh Regeneration Trust to help create the conditions whereby the city might realize its full potential and to co-ordinate development and resources.As part of this strategy, the

131

ConservationArea Boundary

The original Conservation Area, designated in 1981, covered most of central Armagh and reflectedArmagh's development froma market town toecclesiasticalcapital of I[reland.The initial ConservationAreaembraced three distinct localities each with its own individual characterand form and each containing buildings of different styles and uses from different periods.

The Church of Ireland Cathedral Precinct, dominated by the cathedral itself, illustrates the concentric street pattern of the medieval hill town clustered around it.

The Commercial Centre of Armagh focusing on Scotch Street, Market Street and Upper English Street reflects the radial growth of the city and its historic pattern. These streets are now mostly enclosed by continuous building frontages which gives the area its distinctive appearance and makes a substantial contribution to its urban character.

The Mall Area including Gaol Square, St Marks Churchyard and College Hill provides a unique landscaped featwe,The areahas long been the showpiece of the city and is the most impressive urban open space in Armagh and perhaps in Ulster. Theareais flankedby many of the finest examples of Georgian and Victorian architecture in Armagh and contains many significantpublic buiIdings such as the museum, court-house, savings bank and gaol.

In February 1991, the Department decided to complement and round off the boundary of the Conservation Area by designating two additional localities each with their own individual character and historical contri-bution to Armagh.

Roman CathoIic Cahdrd/The Shambles Area played an important role

inArmagh'shistory andformedpart of theoldAbbey Lands. StPatrick's Roman Catholic Cathedral was built between 1840- 1873 on another prominenthill-topsitewhere the magnificenceof its setting, itsimpressive twin towers andornateinteriormakeitsinclusionwithin theConservation Area obviousandjustifies Armagh'sclaimtobetheecclesiasticalcapital of Ireland. The Shambles was one of the numerous market sites within the city whichoperatedin medievaltimes althoughthe listedcornmarket building and clock tower were not built until 1827. Its historic role has been revitalised with its went opening as a variety market.

The Irish/Ogle/Thomas Streets Area is historically significant within the contextofthehistoriccenmof old Armagh dominatedby the Churchof Ireland Cathedral andthesestreetswere clearlyrecognisableontheearIy maps of he city. Both Thornas and Ogle Streets have a diitinctive chatacterand styleand preservetheoldcircularstreetpattern while Zrish Street was one of the three radial axes. This area also includes Abbey Lane and Chapel Lane which are amongstthe oldest streets in the area.

El

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K--c m

ARMAGH CONSERVATION

AREA

LISTED BUILDINGS

Map No.1

The Designation Armagh Conservation Area has already been designated. h July 1981 and February l991the Department of theEn-vironment (NI)in pursuance ofpowersconfamdupon it by Article 37 of the Planning(NI) Order 1972, designatedthe area indicated on MapNo. 1as aConservationArea being anArea of Special Architectural and Historic Interest, the characterof which it was desirablebpreserve andenhance.

The purpose of this booklet is to give recognition to the special features of the Conservation h a , draw the frame-work together and provide positive guidelines for arcbi-tects, developersandresidentsastothetypeof development that will be considered acceptable within Armagh.

Maps of the entire Conservation Area are available for inspectionor consuItation at the following offices:-

h a g h Regeneration Trust, 8 Russell Street, Armagh BT619AA Telephone :(0861) 528288

Armagh District Council, Council Offices, Palace Demesne, Armagh BT 60 4EL Telephone: (0861) 524052

Craigavon Divisional PlanningOffice, Madborough House, Central Way, Craigavon BT64 IAD Telephone: (0762)341144

The Objectives of Designation Within Armagh Conservatian Area the Department wiIl continue to use designationas a tool to:

1.Proteci and enhance the essential chamxer and general amenity of the Conservation Area and en-courage the retention, rehabilitation and reuse of existing buildings where possible.

2.EnabIe Conservation Area grant-funding to be madeavailablefor sympatheticworksaffectinglisted and non-listed buildings.

3. Provide aco-ordinative framework for a variety of grant programmes, therebyoptimisingthe benefitsof such assistance.

4. Provide positive guidance and encouragement to properry owners so that individual schemes will enhance the overall architectural /historic heritage of Armagh.

5. Enhance Armagh's tourism potential by giving formal recognition to its distinctive historic and architecturalfeatures,safeguardingthephysicalfabric and promotingphysical improvementstoenhanceits environment.

6.Promotethecommercialbenefitsof investing inthe Conservation Area.

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Section I1 History and Townscape

Historical development of h a g h p e 1 4

The Cathedrals and their settings

The Commercial Area 16

The Mali Area I7

The Irish / Ogle / Thornas Streets h 18

Historical Development of Armagh The city of Armagh has a prime place in Irish history as one of its earliest urban settlements, developing essentially as a hilltop settbent with a radial and circular street pattern dominated by a major religious establishment.

Thecity first developedas areligiousand administrativecentre,ruledh m a large fortifiedrath by Daire, a local chieftain, Its importance, however in Christianhistorybeganwiththe arrival of St Patrick in 445AD.St Patrick's firstchurch was outside the rath, in thepresent Scotch Street area, but after convertingDaireto Christianity,he built achurchon thesiteof Daipe's fort, now the locationof the Church of Ireland Cathedral.Thus Annaghk a m e an ecclesiastical settlement and the historic centre of Christianity in Ireland; a distinction it hasheld ever since.

Throughout the next millenium, despite numerous attacks by Vikings, conquering Normans and the Irish chieftains themselves, Armagh grew and prospered asa religiousand learning centre with a welldefined street pattern, a friary and a cathedral. Medieval Armagh clustered around the Cathedral and the steep sIope to the West dictated deveiopment in three segments or 'Trians' focusing on Market S m t . Its importancewasin its role as a district market and a market house was built here in 1664.

It was not until the arrivalof ArchbishopRobinsonin 1765thatthe Armagh we are familiar with today began to take form. Archbishop Robinson's career in Armagh marked aturning point forthe city. It was his ambition to transform Armagh from a market town intoa cathedral and university city: most of the imposing stone public buildings in classical styles owe much to his vision, influence and personal investment.

Relative prosperity continued beyond the mid 19th century and new buildings includedaseriesof banks, churches,institutionsandhouses.The disestablishrnent of the church, the removal of the military headquarters andthe comingof the railway all undermindArmagh's earlier eminence.

The Cathedrals and their Settings

The first Cathedral in Armagh occupied a dominantposition on one of the seven hills that make up the city. It was constructed of stone to its present shapeand size in 1265onthe siteofSt Patrick'schurchwhich overtheyears had been subjected to attack and physical damage. The Cathedral domi-nated the medieval city which clustered around its junction with Market Street reflecting the pre-Christian settlement. This position determined the pattern of later developmentwhich took place to the cathedral's north, east and west.

Thecharacterof this area owes much to the presence of the Cathedral, the open space surrounding it and the nearby building projects of Archbishop Robinson,the Amagh City Hospital(1774)and the PublicLibrary (l771).

A later Primate, Lord John George Beresford, had the Cathedral virtually rebuilt to&signs by LN.Cottinghamaround 1840but after this prosperous period Armagh began to decline and the influence of the Primacy was

adversely affectedby the ChurchDisestablishmentAct of 1869. From then on,noArchbishophad the financial resources to emulate the generosityof his predecessors or check the decline of the city.

This period also saw the open practice of Roman Catholicism, brought about by the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829. In 1840~e foundation stone was laid for Armagh's second St. Patrick's Cathedral and later the adjoiningseminary under theguidanceof Archbishop Crolly .ThisCathedral with its imptessive twin spires also occupies another magnificent hill-top setting and wasbuilt to the designsof Thornas Duff and James McCarthy. The area around the Roman Catholic Cathedral including the Shambles were part of the original Abbey Lands. Dawson Street, once known as Abbey Street played an important role in the city's history.

The two Cathedrals on their hill-topsitesgive Armagh its splendid profile and are visible from every part of the city.

The Commercial Area

The commercial core of Armagh derived its form and character from the mainly 19thcenturybuildingsbasedon the medieval concentricandradial street pattern of Irish Street,Scotch Street and English Street. Most of the streetshavecontinuousbuilding frontagespiercedatintewdsby archwayS leading to back stables, yards and warehouses. Small site units and buildings mainly three storey in height ensure a continuity ofscale and rhythm.The more important buildings are rarely contained m the street scene (except in Abbey Street) as they tended to be sited slightly apart as in the Mall. The character of the area and its visual quality and interest is providedby asequenceof enclosuresandopenspaceswith frequentviews or glimpses ofthe imposing Church of Ireland Cathedral, This character will be enhancedif the streetpatterns and the traditional building lines are respectedin any new development and building widths are nogreaterthan those of the previous hnmges.

During the political unrest of the 1970sand 1980s the commercial area sustained a considerable amount of damage as a result of explosions and incendiary bombs which had a devastating effect on the tightly packed groupsof historic buildings .Extensive periods of rebuildingespeciallyin Market Street and Scotch S m t have brought most buildings back into commercialuse,Thelast few y m hasbeen&ed by anupgrading of the commercial area with older vacant properties being refurbished and sites suchasthe formerBeresfordHotel sitebeingbroughtbacktoeconomiclife.

The focus of thisarea is Market Street which was traditionally the "place of markets and fairs". In the early days it was the civic centre of Armagh and contained the oId session house andgaol, the market house, assembly rooms and the old medieval cross, but more recently its physical and economicenvironmenthad deteriorated.A major environmentalimprove-ment scheme hasjust beencompletedinMarket S m t involving ~surfac-ing with paviors, amenity lighting, landscaping and new street furniture.

This greatly contributes to the revitalisation of the area and its restoration as an historical place of civic importance.

Armagh District Council's Tourism Development Plan for a number of visitor facilities will be of major significance in the regeneration of the comrnercid area. St.PatrickisTrimproject brings asubstantial areato the rear of English Street back into use and when complete, will comprise an hterpretative/Heritage Centre telling the Annagh Story and a theme exposition"TheLand of Lilliput". There will also be specialist shops and acarpark togetherwith aTheatre/& Centre tothe rearof Market Street.

Other smslllinitiativeswiU alsohelpto maintain the tightly-knit character of Armagh's historic wmrnercid core, provide the basis for its economic vitality and enhance the quality of the visual scene.

The Mall Area

Tothe east of Armagh's commercialcentre lies the Mall area forming an uniqueopenspacewithinthecityanditsgreatestshowpiece. Knownas"the Commons",it wasonceaswampyvalley tmwersedby &Dirty River and surrounded by arace-course. But in the 18th century it was granted to the Lord Primate for "useful purposes" and In 1797 Primate Newcornbe, successorofArchbishopRobinson, leased ittotheSovereihandBurgessess of the city forthe purpose of making it into a "publicwalk forthe peopIe". Inthisway theMall was drained,planted, and laid outas apark andtherace-course transformed into footpaths.

Over the years the Mall became the most impressive urban open space in Armagh and inIreland outside Dublin. Football and cricketmatches were played on the green and cattle were grazed there into the 20th century. Cricket is still played and today picnics and recreation are also features of the Mall. The fine late Irish Georgianterraces like Beresford Row and Charlemont Place (recently refurbished) and individual buildingslike the museum,courthouseandsavingsbankmostlybelongtothefirstthirtyyean of the 19th century. Development continued since then and the Mall has examples of buildings from every period ranging from ornate Victorian architecture to red brick residential terraces and sixties government off1ces. Any new development will be expected to reflect the simple cIassicaI proportions which dominate the architecrure of the Mall.

Work has recently been carried out to upgrade the physical environment and complement the character of the Mail. In 1990, Armagh District Council restored the war memorial area and reinstated the railings which hadbeenremovedwhen thememorialW asbuilt.Therecentundergrounding of all low voltage overhead electricity cables, telephone wires and the provision of attractive new sheet lighting has had a major impact on the area highlighting 8 e Mall's beautiful buildings and monuments and en-hancing the quality of this fine civic space.

The Irish / Ogle / Thornas Streets Area

The IristrlOgleII'homasStreets A m is one of the oldest historic parts of Armagh clearly mognisable on early maps of the city. Irish Sireet developed as one of the three radial axes of the historic city and as an important exit mua, was knownas Dundalk Street until 1760.

Thornas Street and Ogle Street were laid out by MrThornas Ogle in 1759, who was Sovereignmany timesbetween 1729and 1763. Thesetwostreets stillhave adistinctivecharrtcterandtheir creation playedasiwcant part in settingthe road link patterns asthey relieved Castle Streetof MICand encouraged the development of Navan Street and Callan Street further roundthehillside. Theirdevelopmentalsopreservedthe concentricpattern ofArmagh and today connectthe c~~merc idcore with the western side of the town. Ogle S W t has special importance as the reputed birthplace of St Malachy on the site now occupied by No 21.

This a m incorporates Abbey Lane and Chapel Lane which date from the , 1700s and are among the oldest smts in Armagh. Abbey Lane is significant as the only remaining fmgment of the original Abby Lanes which linkedthe FranciscanFriary to thevariousreligious sitesmundthe city andtobothThornasandIrish Streets. TheoriginalSt Mdachy'sChurch was built inQlapel Lane in 1762 where St Malachy's school is located,

Most of the buildings in thisarea are domestic in scale,two or three stotey in height with a smatl regularsmt h t a g e and long, narrow sitesto the rear. Many of the buildings originated as rows of dwellings as in Dobbin Street butgenerallytheground flwrsarenowshops. Economicactivityhas fluctuated and ThomasStreet's role as a shopping venuehas improved in recent yem. 'IBe characterof this area has survived as most conversions have respected tfie vertical emphasis, unit size and building style of the locality. Ogle Street's stone houses have considerablecharacter and it is hopedthat sympatheticregenemtionwill reverse.the patternof dereliction.

Section III Design Guidelines

Context Rhythm, scale and proportion New development Alterations and extensions Roofscape, roofs and chimneys Widows and dormer windows Doors and carriage arches WaIlfmishes and colour Shop fronts Small details

Context The purpose of Conservation Area guidelines is to assist those who are responsiblefornewdevelopment or the alterationandrefurbishmentof the oldbuildings,both large and smail, that arecontainedwithinit. Essentially the guidelines will set out wayS and means whereby the unique character of the area is not wipedoutand lost by the inevitabIe process of changebut instead, is nurtured and enhanced.

The fmt principle and the one from which all the other principles spring concerns context, that is,therelationshipofabuildingtothosebeside it and around it. Ina Conservation Area the most important visual factor in any building, whether it be a new development or analteration orextensionto anexistingbuilding is that it should fit in andsettle down, Thismeans that it must not strike a discordant note in its size, shape, window and door proportions,facing materials and colour.

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Usually the simplest way to achievetbis settledappearanceis to followthe look of the buildings nearby, particularly the old ones, This does not necessarily mean areproductionof what is a h dy there. A good example of successful fitting-in isthe new Credit Union facade in Russell Street. It was fmt converted from a cinema in the 1960s adopting the typically emphatichorizontal lines of the period.(lS) Its flat roof and long lengthof window clashed with the lines of the adjacentbuildings and so in 1991the fac& was againremodelled. Now there is atraditional mf,the windows are smaller and more vertical in shape and the front wall is faced in M v e stone and brick.(l9) This time there has been no trouble over settling into the street scene.

Rhythm, scale and proportion

New development A new ttrractof s d l houses inJenny's Row(Z3) now replacesthcmuch Ioved white-washed cottages which once gave the lmeway its distinct

Where anew dwehpmt isamphcment buiIding and forms part ofan ~ . H o w e v e r t h c n e w~~echiothesc&andrhythmofwhf l t e x h t i q s ~ t ,thenthisnew Mdhg's sale,mf,windaw rhythmand its was pwbwly them. I b w b , a reoent block of sbaps an;d 5 t s at the general p p r t i o n s nwst: be hihto that of the exhhg adjoining oomerofMarketStteetaadMS~t(24)ina~-~1tstyle buildings in the street. However, v- in minor deWh within the r e f k c t s t h e ~ d s c a l e m d r h y t h m ~ f t b e ~ c e n t r e o f widow opesling,likethedivisionof the windowbats, orin andairwndthe Armagh. Well proportioaedpitchedroofswhichechotbe trditional style

oftheoldeigbenthcmtuyschoolcanbefouadonthenew MainTeachhg discdam. Block atAm@ Royal SdwI(zs). ~ ~ m a y b e a c c e p t a b l e a s l ~ ~ ~ M ~ a r e n o t b ~ y

Any new d e v e ~ ~asimpletraditional(classical) stylewould obviouslybeacwptubkwitfiin theArmagh -ation- Incertain placesad t i v e , modmkt style, a d d well enliven the local scene.

Alterations and extensions to existing buiIdings

Alterationstoold buildingsshouldbe as unobtrusive as possible inorder to 28. An ingeniousextensionprobably carriedout about 1920to one sideof give the appearance that nothing has been changed. This is usually an earlierhouse to give twobay windows and a porch all under one roof. achievedby replicatingthe detailsof the original building in the new work 29. The third floor of the Market House was added in 1913, some one and using similar materials. hundred years after it was built. It looks as if it had always been there.

The life of anold building can often be saved if it is altered and restored to serve a new use appropriate to the present day. In fact at times all an old buildingmay require,tobring it happilyforwardintothe nextcentury,is to have it fitted out with a new roof,new windows, andnew services.Within the Armagh Conservation Area a rescue operation like this will be given every encouragement.

These illustrationsprovide four useful object lessons: A large but discreet extensionto therear A fine gmup of large. Tudor- I

I,3of animportantGeorgianhousernskinga style Victorianhousesrecently pleasantgrassedcourtyardandthe exten- converted into flats.This is not ,sion is not visible from the street. apparent from outside. I3

Roofscape, roofs and chimneys

An integralpart of the historic and architectural characterof Armagh is its varied skyline dominated by two cathedrals. Therefore, one principle governingnewdevelopmentmust be thatroofsand upperlevels onall new buildings are designed to enhance rather than disrupt the traditional roofscape of the city.

Wide views of the city can be seen from three different levels:

Distant view of roofs (30)There are many fine views of Armagh where the line of the roof isofconsiderableimportance. New buildingsshouldbe designed so that the historiccharacterof these views is maintained. Roofs should be strongly defined, varied in formation and articulatedby chim-neys or other projections to avoid a long straight empty roof-line.

View of roofs from street level (3l ) As a resultofvarying street levels and the pattern of open space in Armagh, roofs are visible from many differentlevels. Therefore,at the designstageof anyproject, thoughtmust be given as to how any proposed change will Mend in when viewed From different angles and heights.

View fromabove (32) Armaghwith its numberofhilltopsettings affords many views overthe entire urban area givingan intricate pattern of varied traditional pitched roofs. As most of the Conservation Area can be seen from above the design of new buildings, extensionsand alterations must take this fact into account,

The shape ofthe roof and the outline of the chimney stacks that rise above the ridge line are two of the most potent visual features on a building. Converselyabuilding with a flat roof that cannot be seenand no chimneys

is usually a depressingly negative sight. Fortunately in Armagh, most of the buildings in the streets within the Conservation Area still retain a pitched roof of natural slate with sometimes the eaves gutter concealed behind npourrpet wall (34) inotder to increslsetheheight and impmtanceof the f m t facade. The typical pictureof gable walls rising, up a hill m e above the other, house by house, with the chimneys in step gives much characterto the local sceneand is somethingtobe treasured(33). Chimney S&&, eventhough nolongerfunc t i d , still haveavisual roletoplay and, if the provision of nchimney is impmctical, a small vertical f a t m l&ea ventilating lantern is a possible alternative.

The simple traditional chimney stack with a corbelled brick qing(35) still looks best either built in facing brick or rendered and topped by traditional sbaped chimney pots.

Chimneysand verrtilators (36) with their littte pitched, conical or pyrami-dal roofs m fair1y raremffeaturesbut likecupolas,lanternlights,domes, turrets, finials andcresting (37)they stand out againstthe sky and enliven the rooftop scene in this land ofsoft light and little strong sunshine.

Windows and dormer windows

The existing vertical window proportions of the old buildings in the ConservationArea, with window height reducedattopfloor level, dictates the size and proportion of any new windows. Thisprecludes the enlarging of existing windows except in special circumstances. Where traditional double-hungsashwindowS (39)survive,oronce existed, any new windows shouldbe of matching design, constructed of timber with apainted fdsh. In new buildings colour-coated aluminium windows (42) may be used instead of timber. Double-hung sashes(#, 41) are stiU the most visually satisfactory, but small opening-out lights axe acceptable in new work. In Armagh, manyoldfacadeswith asmooth-plasteredandpainted finishhave the additional attraction of moulded window surrounds. This traditional detail is stiIl valid and must not be lost.

Dormer windows are rarely seen on the older houses in Armagh; they belong to the late 19th century terraces around the Mall and in Victoria Street. New dormers should be small and unobtrusive with their little pitched roofs below the ridge line level. They should also be visually integrated into the facade and line up with window and door openings below.(38)

Bow windows and canted bay windowsare also very much afeature of the laterbuildingsintheMall andVictoria Streetandseldomappear elsewhere.

Doors and caniage arches

Armagh has probably the h e s t collection of 18th and 19th century -S, fadights and padlcd doors ofany town in the hvince . It is, W o r e , importantthat they remainintactandmenotc h g e dordamaged by building'operations (44,45).

New panelled front doors in old buildings shouldbe replicas of what was origmdly there, including the painted finish. In new buildings of tradi-tional style, a simple timber panelled dow with spainted finish isappro-priate and any glass panels set into the door should be small. Fanlights should not be integmted into the door design. In modern style new buildings there are fewer consmints in door design (47).

lhe elliptical orsegmental carriage arch (so called b u s e it was wide enough for a carriage to pass through) leading from the S- through the buildingtotkrear sewice yard is 8 notable hime in the Armagh S-

Today,the archway isoften o pbut in the past it coatainedg- (a good blacksmith-made gatestill survives in Ogle Street) oralarge pair of timber sheeteddoors wittr a dwicket paw doof. Oftea the carriqe arch was decoratedwith a keystame and stone mrmmd but the= am also examples of the archway linked to adjacent front doors (43) forming part of a shop front. Whilecaniage mhes no longer cater for carriages they are still usefulfatum inspiteoftheever haeasing dimensionsof deliverybucks.

Wall finishes and colour

The,traditional facing materials in Armagh are stone (in sandstone mglornera&sand severalvarietiesof limestone varying fromgrey to buff and pink), painted cement r d e h g and red brick Ashlar or mbbte masonry (48,49) was used in nearly all the buildings in thecity up to the middle of the 19thcentury with much of the rougher stonework rendered and whitewashed. Brick faced buildings date f m the mid 1 Mcentury and are found along the Mall and Victoria Street.

Many of the rended facades are litaed out to represent the fme joints of ashlar stonework. In addition, the window md door openings are often fmmedby mouldedcementsurrounds, again copying stone. Inrecent years theredringonthe frontsofmany buildingshasbeen strippedoff toreveal theattractiverubble stoneworkbehind.Insomeplacesit hask e n carefully workedandlaid incourses;inmotherplacethe stonework is coarselybuilt. Armagh's stonework is a unique heritage and, properly pointed, the more that it is visible the more Armagh will ~letainits own Wcular character.

Usually it isbest topaint cemeWsand/limeexternalrenderinginstone-like colours(50)witb woodwork towindows and doors paintedas forstone or hick bui1dings;thatis white orcream orthe darker tones of brown,red or green. The use of such colours representsa tdition which is still worthy of respect.

New buildings with red brick facings are only appropriatein i nas where brick buildingsalreadypredominate (51). Dark brown bricks usually look depressing and arenearly always out of place. Unplasteredbrick chimney stacksare found all over Armagh and can Iook weU on stone or reder& buildings.

Shopfronts

Most of them am relativeIy new das time goes onand fashions change they will be repM again. But no matter how long their lifcsp, a shopfrontmuststill be inscalewith thef a d eof which it formsapart (53) andlargehorizontal windows mustbsuwivided by verticalbarstomatch the proportionof thewindowsm e .Thefasciaboardmustnotbebrutally simpleor oversized( s m goverthe window sills above) or if the shop ~ncorporatesseveralf a d e s it must not extend across the entire frontage withwrt nW.

Thefinishingmaterialsused inthe shophnt should not bebrash, shiny w overtly synthetic so,aluminium (unkss colour - mated) orPVC are not n d y w e . Paintedtimber isstiutbe mast apeable materid. I n ~ t i ~ s t y I e ~ t s , p a i n t e d inpolneuedwim~ t y s h u m l& well. Modem metalrdlershutters must fit behind the facade, must beperforateda d have a colour-coated fipisb. Campies must be m-able, d e s iasan integral part of theoverall shopfront andnotaddedas an afterthought.Wedcanopies always look mofcharader.

There is considerablescope faoriginalityandpersonal expssion in the let.teringmasbopfasciadotfiershopsignswithintheobviousIitniWons of scale and propticmm Lighting should be suldud, pimps with individual lettersback-lit. Box signs, where the entire box isillumhated, arenot amsided acceptable within the ConsewationA ~ L eSigw W facia levelcan be vi~uaiiydisruptivedrequirr:carefulphcing.Hanging signsmust behand-painted djfrequired, e x t m d y fit (55,s). A fat& extemttlly lit by a of over-arm bracket lights caneasily become too obtrusive. In the right plaoe beringpainted directly onto a painted wall or W i 5 4 ) in the ttaditional manner becomes an integd part ofthe b u i i ifit combinespleasantly with the amhitectuddetail. Ad-ment W i n g s fixed to buildings m the exposed g&k walls are not n o m u U y p e n n i t t e d i n a ~ a t h A r e a

Small details

There are a number of small details on a building which add to its clmm and even contribute to the character of the area. Their appearance is important andneeds consideration.

Rainwater guttersand downpipes in PVC. piping Imk thin and tempo-rary and areeasily damaged.Only cast iron orcast aluminiumisrobust enough in appearance and sufficiently long lasting to b acceptable in a ConservationArea (57).

The railings (58) on the first floor baIconies of CharIemont Place are excellentexamples of good early 19th century cast iron. Meal work like this should always be retained and restored wherever it exists. There are goodlate 19th century railings at the entrance to the Roman Catholic Cathedral (59) and the modem gates at an entrance to the Royal Schml are original and striking (60)and are a goodexample of new work.

Front doors still haveknockers,door-knobs,andletterboxes. Traditional sylefittingsareusuallywell-designed and suitableforoldortraditional style doors (61), Modern styledoor furnitureonly belongs to modern-style dam.

The elegant 18th century urn (62) and pedestal recently put back anthe restored house at the corner of Castle Street and Upper Irish Street catches the light and adds sparkle and Iife to the whole locality.

Flowerboxes and plant tubs shouldalwaysbe in scale with the building to which they belong. Flowerboxeslook best occupying the full width ofthe window sill. Hanging flowerbaskets, like hanging signs,should relate to door and window centres and heights. Plant tubs must also relate and usually look best painted in dark colours orin stonecolours to provide a subdued background for the plants.

r

ib

Section IV

Financial assistance

Schedule of Listed Buildings

Glossary of architectural terms

Further reading

Financial Assistance Financial assistance may be available for schemes within theConsewationArea from the following sources :

TheUrbanDevelopment Programme CraigavonDivisional Planning OBce MarIburough House Central Way CraigavonBT64 1AD Telephone:(07621341I 4 4 Sponsored by the International Fund for Irelmd,the purpose of the programme is to generate viable economic activity in derelict or under-used buildings or sites particularly when newjobs may be created,Itmayalsobeavailable forcertain projects to renew the physical fabric ofrundownareas andto improve theeconomic infrastructureforthe benefit of the community as a whole.

ConssrvafionArea Grants CraigavonDivisional Plunning Ofice M a r l h u g h House Central Way CraigavonBT64 1AD Telephone:10762)341144 Under the Plming (Amendment) (NI) Ordet 1978, the Depment of the E n v b m e n t (M) may grant aid expenditwe dating to works to either listed ornon-listedbuildingsthat promote thepreservationorenhancementof the character orappearanceofol ConservationArea. Proposals are usually expected to be part of a co-ordinated scheme.

Historic Buildings Grant H i . i cMonuments and Buildings Branch Department of the Environment 5 -33 Hill Street, Belfat BTZ 2LA TcIcphne:(02321235000 Under the Planning Order 1972 and the Historic Churches (NI)Order 1985,the Depart-ment of theEnvironment(NI)may givefinancial assistancetowards the cost of repairsor mainte-nance of buildings which have been listed as being of specid architecturalW historic interest. There is no fixed rate of grant and each case is considered on its merit, Churches in use for ecclesiastical p~lrposesare eligible for grant aid.

Wistoric,Environmental and Architectural Rehabilitation Trust 181aStranmiIIis Road Befast B'IP 5DU Telephone: (0232)381623 The Trust is wholly concerned with the rehabilitation of derelict listed buildings and housesinConservationAreas, TheTmtoperates a revolving fund in Northern Ireland using the proceeds from one project for the acquisition and rehabilitation of other properties..

Improvement and Repair Grunts Northern Ireland Homing Executive 48 Dubbin Street Armagh BT61 7QQ Telephone: (0861)523379 UndertheHousing(NI)Order1983,theNorthern IrelandHousingExecutivemaygtantaidthecost of improvement ancl conversion up to certain maximumamounts,subjecttocertainconditions. In some circumstances, the Executive may dso grant aid repairs. Such grants donot necessarily excludeeitherHistoricBuildings orConswvation Area Grants. Any applications within the ConservationAreaforimprovement, conversion orrepairgrants will automaticallybe considered for Historic Buildings or Conservation Area

OpenSpace Grant Physical Development Branch CommonwealthHouse 35 CastleStreet Belfot BTI JGU Telephone:(02321321212 Theacquisitionandlayingout oflandas informal public open space by District Councils may be grantaidedby t h e ~ t o f t h e E n v ~ n t (NI).Grantsof up to seventy- five percent of the may be made under Section 16 of the Local Government Act (NI)1966.

Consewation Volunteers(NI) The Pavilion Cherryvale Playing Fields RuvcnAill Road BeIfarc BT6 OBZ Telephone: (0232)645169

A CharitableTrust, theConservationVolunteers undertakeawidevarietyofcountrysideenhance-ment and accessworks, including tree planting, fencingandhedging,drystone walling and foot-pahccmsbdon. Theorganizationmaintainsits ownmenursery and work iscarriedout forboth privateandpublicclients,theprovisionorcostof materials being the responsibility of the client (possibly with grant aid fmm other somes). A small chargemay bemade for work carriedout. The Conservation Volunteers also act m con-sultants and undertake liaison.with schoo1s in regardt o pticdprojectswithinschoolgrounds.

Action for Community Employment (ACE) Departme~tofEconomic Development Comm~nifyProjects Branch Claredon House 9-21 Adelaide Street Belfast B l 2 8NR Tele :(0232) 244300 The & w e n t of the Economic Development provides a programme of fmancial support for the creation of employment through I d l y s p s o ~schemessetup to undertake specific projects that axe of benefit to the community at large. A high proportion of such projects are concerned with environmental improvements and sponsors may be voluntary or charitable organizations, local authorities or public and A -L private companies. A number of building restorationprojectsmakeuseofthisprogramme. Projectsmust be approved by Northern Ireland m*

In addition thereare a number of Charitable Trusts such asThe Pilgrim Trust who are sometimes I willingtohelpwith theconsewationofbuildingsin charitableor non-profitmakingownership.The Landmark Trust is interested in punhasing properties of historical orarchitectud interest which can be converted into lettable holiday houses. They particulady favour buildings of individual character. Details of these and other such grant making bodies may be found in "TheDirectory ofGraAt-Making Trusts"published by theNational Council of Social Services. 1

Schedule of Listed Buildings ABBEY STREET Church of Ireland Diocesan Hall (15mln)

46 Abbq SW 1913. Archim W. Sampsun Jervois. The hall is two S- and cmrmcted of square cut, mgh faced lime-stone in a collegiate-tudor style.

Public Libmy L IS^) 1771. Architect Tknas Cooley Extended in 1845. Archikt John Mmsmat. Established by R i m Robinson. A very handsome two storey building of ashlar hestone rusticated on the ground flax and with comlce and balustrade. The elevation facing the Cathedral is 3 bays wide with pedimented first floor wiridows in round headedmccsses.

Armagh City Hospital FmntBlock(l5l2Q9) 1774. Architect George Enm. Two storey 9 bay building withlwiesmtnt,hippedroofandstomeaves m i c e . Centre three bays break forward with pediment. GiWsian round headed door.window architraves andquoins of cut limesme

Methodist Church (15120113) 1835. Extendedby Architects W J Barre( 1862) and J J PhiIlips(I888). Set back from the narrow S-with railings, the main fa& and @ h n t is of ashlar limestone. Later extensions in stucco each side of the otiginalgulrtecentrepiece.

Former PresbyterianChurch(15120114) 1722. T Shaped Church of coursed rubble cungIomeme stone with gabled roofs. Each of the tbree pblts has rt large 19th century flat pointed arched &W with tracery. Evidence of original meeting house windows remain.

Old Unionist Hall ( Once Primitive Methdhts Uteting House c. 1830. Two storey 5 bay metinghouseof coursed random rubble. In front set at an angle to Abhy Street is a three storey 4 bay rendered building.

BARRACK HILL 7- l la, 15-33 Barrack Hill (15/17/40)

1990. Reconsmiction of mid 19th century two and three storey stepped -with stone rubblewalls and some brick dressings.

CASTLE STREET 14-36 Castle Street (15/19/3)

1828. Reconstructed 1986. Long curvingterrrree of generally two storey 2 bay housesof ooursedrubble limestone. Simple doorways a d someg m d floor tripartite windows.

48-50 Castle S W (1511914) c. 1750. Rccmmmianofa fmpair of threestorey three bay houses of coursed random conglomerate stoae.Cutsitonc blocked architravesto windows and row&- Gibbsian doorways.

52-58 Castle S m t (15119/51 1760 and 1773. Four 2 storey terrace h w s of random nibble c o a g l ~stone. Cutstone sur-rounds with keystoms to -ay$ and carriage arch, Cutstoneeaves @ornice with pedestal and urn on t h e m . Renwakdin 1W1.

53Castle Street (15/20/36) Twostorey dwellingand yard both inqumcwfted m e limestone with cut stone dressings. Two dattstoncs:l730 J.Q.and 1830.

CATHEDRALCLOSE Cat- Church of St Pat1icr(i5~~1)

(C.of Ireland) 1270. Major restorationwork, 1840 Architect LN.W.The core of the 13th century church still remains within later additions and altcmionsand the mid-19th century refacingin ashlar sandstone. Crucifm in plan with a low castellated tower at the crossing+ Outside, the cast d wesr end walls have angled stepped b u w

and finials as have tkmmepts. Boundary Wall & Railings(lsD012)

1834.hhitectL.N. Cotthgham.Wall and railings e~:lushgCathedral curtilege.

Vicars Houses(f512013) CathedralClose 1854, Architect John B& P&of two storey three bay houses with semi-bwments formed in coursed4s q d Simesmne in a coUe-@ate- cudor style with sleep stepped gables and tall

1- 4 Vicars Hi11 ( l 5rzO/5) 1724. Terrace of two and three storey houses with rougkast waIIs and stone ddmgs. Built for Pri-mare Boulter for the widows ofArmagh Cl-.

5 -l l Vicars Hill(15m5) 1765 - 94. Terract of two and thrte storeys with roughcast walls and cutstoae dressings built for Rimate Robinsun. hcludes the Music Hall and the fonnw Regisuy.

CATHEDRALROAD St Patrick's R.C Cathedral (15/ZonO)

Commencedin 1840 but not dedicated until 1873. hhitects Tlomas Duff d JJ McCarthy. At the top of an impressive flight ofstep, the Cathadrel building of limestone and Dungaman freestone is cruciforminplan. Tlme enmmfmnt is dominated by the M1 hwin skiples flding the great west door*

Sexton's Lodge & Gates (15ROD3) 1884. Architects Ashlm and Colern~.Singl-y b u i i of squared limestone with Gothic demiling

8 Cathedral Road (15~0/37) c. 1880.Amhitectpossibly J.H. FuUaton.Two storey two bay house h red brick with yellow brick dressings. Two storey hay with Mutraded flat mf and pointed dwmer window.

COLLEGE STREET 3 couege street (15/11/27)

(formerly Elim Hall) 1794, Two storey 4 bay ren-dered hall with round-headedwindowsonfmtfloor. Visually related to 5 8r 7 College Street.

5 & 7College Street (15117/26) Early 19thcentury.Twothreestorey renderedhouses with &age archsimple dwrs with fanlights.

9-21 College S w t (15117D) Early 19tb century terrace of threestorey houses of random rubble limestone with cutstone dressings. (No 21 has a rendered f i s h ) .

23 & 25 ColIege Street (15117D) Early 19 th century four storey 2 bay terracehouses of coursedrubble limestone.

lst Presbyterian Church LectureHall (r 5116/15) 1857. Architect W.J Barre. Two storey 6 bay hall with bracketed eaves, plaster rendering to walk and semi-circular h e w windows to first floor.

COUEGEHILL The Royal School(15117/38)

1774. Architect Thomas Coolg. The principal buildings in conglomerate limestone with ashtar dressings are built around the three sides of a quad-ranglewith single.storey cloisters and screen wall to the road, three storey Mocks on each side and a two storeyblock tothesouth.Parallel servicerangealong west side.

ObservatoryLodge and Gates (1511612) c.1790. Single storey ldge ofcoursed rubble stone with small pointed window in gable facing the Mall Gatepiers ofpunched ashlar stone.

CHAPEL LANE 32& 34 ChapeI Zane(i5119ii7)

A p& of two storey dweIlings,stonebuilt and rough Sited icmnediately behind and related to the

listed terrace in Castle Street.

DAWSON STREET Cornmarket (15120119)

1827, Erected for Lord John G e ~ r g e BeresfordArchbishop. Architect Francis SOhnstm. Single storey 9 bay blmk in coursed and squared lime-stone with ashlar dressings. In h c centre is a towerwith arched gateway, above which is a tall cupola with clock. Part of the Shambles Market,

17 Dawson Street (15/20/35) c.1800. At the bottom of a lane a WO storey 5 bay house with a single storey wing.

DOBBN STREET 8-44 Dobbh Street (1 511816)

1812-1814. Two surrey curved terrace of coursed rubble limestone. Sometripartite windows. Simple doorways except foroneGibbsim doorway andone doorway with columns and segmental fanlight.

5,7&9 Dobbin Street (15118/71 c.1820. l h x two storey terrace bouses of coursed andsquaredrubblelimestone with tripad?&windows to fmfloor. U n o h i v e shops ong m d floor.

(I5118/81 1820.OldButterMarket. Architect possiblyFrancis Johnston. Gate-house of rusticatedashlarstone with h u g b archway in the squat tower with a cornice and 'flat roof surmounted by tall domed cupola.

Gateway Arch (1511819) 1820. Old Butter Market. Segmental archway of punched ashlar limestone with rusticated quoins. f r e i and cornice surmounted by ball finials.. Original iron gates.

21Dobbin Street(l5118/1Oa) Twostorey, 2 bay terrace houm of coursed, squared and roughcut limestone, ashlar dressings. brick

dressingstofmtfloor. Simpledoorwayand fanlight. 23 Dobbin Street (15/18/11)

Three storey. 3 bay house of coursed, squared and rough cut Iimestone, ashlar dressings, simple door-way, decorative grille to ground floor window.

ENGLISH STREET Beresford Arms Hotel (15117/30]

1 1 Upper English Street 1717. Demolished 1990. Coursedand squated rubble limestone. Facade was three storey, 4 bay of cut stone. To be rebuilt in replica using original stonework.

45-55 Upper English S m t (15/16/5) c.1770. Terraceof6(originally7) three storey 3 bay houses of coursed rubbIe stone. Built for Dean Averell to house his seven sisters.

Tourist hformation antre ( I 5/20115) Origirdy BelfastBank, 40UpperEnglishSt. 185l. Architect Charles Lanyon. Very splendid single storey 3 bay front elevated above a basement in a richIldianatestyIeof rusticatedashlarstone. Cenml pedimented doorway crowned by the arms of the Belfast Banking Company with catlouche above.

Belfast Brtnk kiouse(lS120/16) 40Uppr English Street. 1800. Two storey 3 bay house above a basement. Plastered walls, cut stone stepped quoins. Originallyapproachedby a flight of steps. Partof the St Patick's Trian complex.

34 Upper English S m t (l5/ZO/40) c.1750.Twostorey 3bay housewithsmoothrendered finish. Two storey semixircular bow window cut off on p m d flmr to take modem shop front insertion. Original door and fanlight.

15 Lower English Street (15/16/16) c.1800. Three storey houseofcowsed rubble stone built streetbuilding. Later convertedto a shop with a m&rn shop front.

UPPER IRISH STREET 2- 12 Upper Irish Street (1511916)

1 833. Six 2 storey houses. Nos 2&4 rendered, Nos 6 & 8 random rubble conglomerate, Nos 108~12 rebuilt in original style with rendered finish

THE MALL The Gaol (Front block) (1511 711 6)

Gaol Square. 1780-1852. Architect Thomas Cooley. Three storey 9 bay block built of coursed conglomer- ate stone with limestone dressings. Advanced bay with pediment at the central entrance. Five bay extension with matching entrance, 1 8 19. Front windows enlarged and roof parapet added. 1852. Architect William Murray.

1-6 Gaol Square (15/17/17) (includes 21 Barrack St). 1791. Terrace of six 3 storey terrace houses of coursed rubble limestone and one 2 storey house rendered. Simple doorways. Terrace extensively reconstructed in 1969.

2-4 Mallview Terrace (1511711 8) Mall West c. 1840. Terrace of three 3 storey 2 bay houses of

random rubble limestone with simple doorways and narrow fanlights.

Gospel Ha11 (15117119) Mall West Once a Masonic Hall. 1884. Architect James Fullerton. Steep gabled roof to hall in the Venetian Gothic style. Square campanile tower on one side and low circular staircase tower on the other side. Polychrome brickwork.

First Presbyterian Church (15117120)Mall West 1878. Architects Young and Mackenzie. Church in the decorated Gothic Revival style, built of rough-cut and squared limestone with sandstone dressings. Impressive tower and steeple at Russell Street comer.

1&2 Gosford Place (15117121) Mall West 1837. Two three storey 3 bay brick houses forming

part of the 12-22 Russell Street development.

The Mall Prebyterian Church (1 511 7122)Mall West TheScotch Church. 1840. Possibly by William Murray. 3 bay ashlar limestone building. Centre bay breaks forward with paired Ionic pilasters & pedi-ment.

Warehouse (15117123) Mall West Pre 1835. Five storey 5 bay warehouse of coursed and squared limestone. Cut stone quoins.

3 Rokeby Green (1 5/17/24) Mall West c.1 820. Three storey 2 bay rendered house with 2 storey one bay return. Entrance door with ellipitical fanlight and sidelights. Carved stone nameplate.

Courthouse (1511611) The Mall. 1809. Architect Francis Johnston. Very important single storey 5 bay ashlar limestone building; tetrastyle Doric portico with pediment.

Boundary Wall (1511711) The Mall. 1798. Low boundary wall in random limestone rubble with wrought iron railings at the north and south ends of the Mall.

Sovereign's House (1511 715) Mall East (Royal Irish Fusiliers Museum) 1 Beresford Row. 1809. Architect John Quinn and possibly Francis Johnston. Two storey 3 bay house of squared coursed rubble limestone with ashlar dressings. Entrance moved to side c. 1820.

2, 3 & 4 Beresford Row (1 511 716) Mall East Early 19th century terrace of three storey 2 bay houses of coursed and squared rubble limestone.

5 Beresford Row (15/17/7) Mall East 1827. Three storey 3 bay terrace house of coursed and squared rubble limestone.

6-9 Beresford Row (1511718) Mall East 1840. Terrace of four three storey buildings of squared rubble limestone.

10-1 1 Beresford Row (1511719) Mall East

c. 1830. Pair of three storey 5 bay terrace houses in ashlar limestone. Tripartite windows on ground floor. Elegant carriage arch and cast iron balconies.

1-5 Charlemont Place (15/17/10) Mall East 1827-30. Architect William Murray. Noble three storey terrace of five 3 bay houses with basements Ashlar limestone and decorative cast iron balconies.

Armagh County Museum (1511711 1) Mall East Portico Front. 1 834. Architect probably William Murray. Single storey 3 bay school house with Ionic portico of ashlar limestone. Internal second floor added in 1857.

1-5 St Marks Place (15/17/12) Mall East Mall East. 1834. Three storey terrace of five 3 bay houses of coursed rubble conglomerate with brick dressings.

St. Marks Church (1511711 3) 1 8 1 1. Architect Francis Johnston. Remodelled in 1830. Architect William Farrell. The original elegant square tower in late 18th century Gothic style re- mains. 1866 extensions to the East End in Early English style by Slator and Carpenter.

The Crozier Ha11 (1 511 7/14) Church Avenue. 1850. Single storey school house with gabled projections and mullioned Tudor revival style windows. Erected for Archbishop Lord John George Beresford. -

"Glendara",(1 511715 1) Mall East (Hartford Cottage) c.1880. Architect possibly J.H Fullerton. Single storey 3 bay dwelling of poly- chrome brickwork. Two assymetrical bay windows. Interesting brick patterning.

1-4 Hartford Place (15/17/52) Mall East c.1870. Architect possibly McHenry. Pair of three storey 2 bay brick houses with ashlar stone quoins and overhanging eaves.

5-6 Hartford Place (15117153) Mall East c.1879. pair of threestorey, 3 and 2 bay brick houses

with ashlar stone quoins. Central elliptical headed carriagearchlinkedtosemi-circularheadedentrance doors.Canted bay windows rise to eaves height.

7-8Hartford Place (15117/54) Mall East ~ ~ 1 8 7 9 .Pair of three storey 3 and 2 bay rendered houses with semi-circular doorways. Smi-chular bay windows rise to eaves height. Plaster embel-lishments.

War Memorial (lS/17l2) c.1920. NWendoftheW. Squaregraaitepedesial on which stands bronze figure of "Victory in Mourning" by C.L. Hartwell. RA.

MARKET STREET Market House(I5120/4)

(NowTechnical Institute and Libmy )1815. Archi-tect unknown. Extended by adding a third storey in 1912. Architect John Caffiey. A handsome square building 5 h y s to all sides of ashhr limestone with cornice and parapet. Rusticated on the ground flmr where there are five arched openings. The three centrebays facingtheCathedral extendforwardwith a pediment

RUSSELL STREET 4 Russell Street ( I 5/17/49)

c.1840. Three storey 2 bay house with lined out rendering.

5 RusseiI Street (I5/17/50) 1883. Originally the Police Bmcks. Three storey 3bay rendered building in the Tudor Revived style. Ground flwr windows have kmH1tmd.

7 Russell Street (15/17/34) Bank building and railings. 1876. Originally the Hibenzian Bank. Three storey 4 bay building of smooth ashlar limestone with parapet and quoins, Decorative railings to tbe basement area.

6-8Russell Street (15/17/32) c.1 W.Three storey 3 h y temce (probably once three houses) of brick with rendered ground floor. Mo.6 has delicateGothic fanlight and carved timber cornicelcanopyextendingacrossthe frontcarriedon cl us^ co~umls.

10-22 Melbourne Terrace(15/17P33)Rus=11 St. 1839. Three storey l5 bay terrace of seven brick houses Stonedoorcasesgenerally with comices and scroll brackets. Doorways are paired except for No. l0 which has an adjacent carriage arch.

SCOTCH STREET 13 Scotch Street (15117137)

Re 1835. Refi-ontedlate 19th century threestorey 3 bay rendered house with plaster embellishments to the windows. Modem shop front.

22-34scotch street(1s/ia/1 i 5 / 1 8 ~ ) Pre 1835. Terrace of six three storey and two storey houses now with traditional-style modern shop fronts. Buntofpunched ashlarlimesmne.Gableof34 withcornerurn formspartof DobbinHousefrontage.

Dobbin House (15/18/3) 36ScotchStreet. l812. Architect Francis Johnston. Built for Leonard Dobbm,Sovereign of the City. Later became the Bank of Ireland and is naw a Fold Housing Association House. Three storey 3 bay Mdingwithbasementof ashlarlimesme. Entrance door with magnificent fanlight and sidelights, four engagedDoric columns and cornice. Set back from the street with railings.

38 ScotchStreet (15/1814) Pre 1835. Three storey, 2 bay house with two storey 1h y block formingpart of -in Housefrontage. Punched ashlar hestone. Cutstone doorway with engaged Ionic columns, cornice and semi-circular fanlight. Traditional-style modern shop fronts.

41)& 42 Scotch Street (15/1&/5) Pre 1835. M of three storey 4 bay houses with mditicmal-style modern shop fronts. C o d and squared roughcut limestone.

Northern Bank (1511911) 78 ScotchSmt. 1869. Architectandbuilder Conner of Belfast. Splendidthree storey four bay Iaanate building with two storey wing. Assymetricd en-trance facing Market Street Rich plaster embellish-mentsincluding segmentalpedimentsover frstfloor windows. Sballow roof with heavy comice on con-solebrackets.

VICTORIA STREET Savings Bank(15/17/42)

1 Victoria Street 1837 Archhecc Wiltiam Murray. Overlooking Gaol Square-Very fme two storey building of ash& limestone,two storey 3 bay with tetrastyle pt ico to the main entrance. The Victoria St. facadeis4bay andthe BarrackSt.facade is3 bay.

12 Victoria Street (15/17/43) c.1850. Two storey 3 bay h o w in brick.Recessed cutstone dwrcase with awic columns,comice and semi-circularfanlight above.

14-24Victoria Street (15f17/55) Alsofront Wall. c. 1875.Temceof six t h m storey 2 bay brick houseswithyeIlow brick d&mgs. Single storey w t e dbay windows,entraace damsetbehind pairedarchways with columns.

26-36 VictoriaSmet(15/i7/56) c.1878.Teme of six two storey 2bay brick hwses with attics. Yellow brick dressings, 2 storey canted bay windows and gabled dormer windows.

ARMAGH CONSERVATION

AREA

LISTED BUILDINGS

Map No.2

Glossary of Architectural Terms Architrave : moulded frame to a damor window. Ashlar : large blocksof masonry worked to wen faces

and square edges. Used in courses with fmejoints. Bargeboard : projecting inclined board,often decorated,

fixedbeneaththe eaves of a gable of a roof tocover the raftetS.

Battlement :(casteUation) fortified parapet indented (or crenellated) so tha~archescould shoot through the indentations.

Bay :divisions of m elevation as defined by any regular vertical features (aches,columns, windows etc).

Buy Window :window of one or more stbteys projecting fromtheface of a buildingatgroundlevel andeither rectangularorpolygonal in p h . A bowwindow is curved. A canted bay window has three sides.

Buttress : v d d member projecting from a wall to stabilizeit ortoresistthe lateralthrustofanarch,roof or vault.

Capital :b a d of top part of a coiurrm (see Orders). Carriage arch : covered archway passing through a ter-

raced building to give vehicular access to the rear Camuche :tablet with ornateframe usuallywith a coatof

arms or inmiption Casement Window :window with opening pauel binged

at the side. ClassicaI :term for Greek and Roman architecture and

later styles influenced by it. Column : in classical arcbitecm an upright structd

member of round section with a shaft, a capital and usually a base.

Conglomerate:rockconsistingof fragmentsof apale grey limestone suspended in a pinlcish brown sandstone. Only used for rubble stonework

Corbel :a b h kof masonry ormateriallikebrick orw w d which projects from a wall and suppm a ham or other feature.

Cornice : moulded ledge projecting dong the top of a building or f a r e .

Corirtthian Column :an Orderof G m karchitecture (see m).

Cupola :smallpolygonal or circular domed turret on top of aroof.

Doric Column : an Ordet of Greek architecture. Dormer Window :an attic window standing up vertically

from the slope of a roof. Eaves :overhanging edge of a roof. Entabiature : inclassical architecturethecollectivename

forthethreehotizontalmernbersie.architrave,freize and cornice.

Facade : the exterior face or elevation of a building. Fanligh :a window above the head of admr, often semi-

circuhr in shape. Fmch Bwrd : the flat surface running above a shop

window displaying the name of the shop . Finial : the carvedor moulded ornamentwhich crownsa

pinnacle, gable, spire etc. Freize : h o r i m d band of ornament, particularly the

middle member of the classical entablature. Gibbsian Dmr :18thcenturyblockworktreatmentof door

or window surround often seen in the work ofthe archioect.Jmes Gibbs (1682- 1754).

Gabk :triangle of wall slaface at the end of a double pitched roof.

GlazingBar :arebatedwoodormetal bar which holds the smalI panes of glass in a window,

Ionidrder : an orderof Greek archikecrure. Keystone :middle & topmost stone in an arch or vault. Lantern fight : a small circular or polygonal turret with

windows all round crowning aroof. Order : a column with base (usually) shaft and capital

surmwnted by mtab1ature.The Orders evolved by the GreekswereMC,Ionic, and Corinthian. The Romans added Tuscan-Doricand Composite.

Parapet :the extension of the outside wall of a building above a flat or sloping roof,or k i l t abovea c d c e

Pedestul :in classical architecture a bIcck or stand for

an urnor statue or sometimes for a column. Pedimnt : in classical architecture a formalized gable

derived from that of a temple. Also used wer doors and windows.

Piiaster : a rectangular column projecting only slightly from a wall and in classical architecture,matching one of the Orders.

Portico : roofed space. open on one side at least and enclosedby arow of columnswhichalso supportthe roof and frequently a pediment.

Quoins :dressed stones at the anglesof a building usually alternatively long and short.

Rendering : the processof covering outside walls with a uniform surface or skin to protect the wall from weather.

Rubble: masonary whose stonesare wholly or partly in a rough m e . Coursed rubble: stonescut for laying in courses but with faces left rough.

Sash Window :a double hung verticalIy sliding wood or metal frame which holds the glazed part of the window.

Spire :tall pynunidaI or conical f e r n built on a tower or turret.

Steepk :a tower with a spire on top of it. Strcco :smoothexternal rendering of a wall. Tetrar~le:d e s c r i b a portico with four columns. Tracery :geometricpalkm of supportstoglassin the top

of a Gothic window. Transepts: transverse portions of a cruciform church. Tripartie Window :a window divided into tbree parts

vertically. Tuscan Column :an order of Roman Architecture Turret :small tower often m h e d to a bililding* Urn :decorative vase u d y with stemandroundedbody. Vernacular : a style of building geculii to a particular

lacality. WicketDoor :small door orgateWdeor within a larger

one for usewhen tbe Iatter is not open.

Further Reading

The Book of County Arrnagh (1888)

Bell GP & Cairns W.J ; Armugh Central Area S W , Final Report (July t976 )

BRE C E B ; Court Houses and Market Houses of the Province of Ulster (UAHS,1973)

Coleman Rev A ; Historical Mertwirs of the Cily of Armagh (1900)

Cmte Sir Charles ;Statistical Survey of the Cou~tyof Armagh (1804)

DixonR, UlsterArchilecture 1800- 1900 (UAHS, 1972)

Leslie J B ; Armugh Clergy and Parishes 191I (supplement 1948)

Lewis S A ; A TopographicalDictionary ofIreland (1837)

Loch Max ; The City ofArmagh (1964)

Paterson TG F ; Harvest Home Editor E.Estyn Evans f 1975)

Reeves W ; The Ancient ChurchesofArmagh (1840)

Rogers E ; A Record ofthe City ofArmagh (1 861)

Rogers E ; TopographicalSketches in Armagh and Tyrons(l874)

Rothery S ; Shops of lrelrurd (1978)

Shaffrey P ; The frisk Town- An Approach to Survival (Dublin 1975)

Stuart S ; Historical Memoirs of the City of Armagh (1819)