Arms RaceArms Race

Selina BaezaSelina Baeza

Taylor SpearmanTaylor Spearman

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project First nuclear weapon was created during First nuclear weapon was created during

WWII and was used against Axis Powers.WWII and was used against Axis Powers. Two types of atomic bomb were developedTwo types of atomic bomb were developed

Gun type fission weapon (uses uranium)Gun type fission weapon (uses uranium) Implosion type nuclear weaponImplosion type nuclear weapon

Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki Little Boy was dropped by the Little Boy was dropped by the Enola GayEnola Gay on on

Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 (gun type Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 (gun type weapon)weapon) Blast estimated to be equivalent to 13 kilotons of Blast estimated to be equivalent to 13 kilotons of

TNTTNT 4.7 square miles destroyed4.7 square miles destroyed

Fat Man was dropped by the Fat Man was dropped by the BochscarBochscar on on Nagasaki three days later (plutonium-core Nagasaki three days later (plutonium-core weapon)weapon) 21 kilotons of TNT21 kilotons of TNT 44% of city destroyed44% of city destroyed

UraniumUranium Immediately after WWII, the US had a Immediately after WWII, the US had a

monopoly on knowledge and materials for monopoly on knowledge and materials for nuclear weapons. American leaders hoped nuclear weapons. American leaders hoped that this exclusivity was enough to hinder the that this exclusivity was enough to hinder the Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

However, uranium sources were found in However, uranium sources were found in Eastern Europe, providing the USSR with a Eastern Europe, providing the USSR with a steady supply. steady supply.

In 1949 USSR detonated their first bomb In 1949 USSR detonated their first bomb named Joe One, an almost exact copy of Fat named Joe One, an almost exact copy of Fat Man.Man.

H-Bomb/ Deployable H-Bomb/ Deployable Thermonuclear DeviceThermonuclear Device

The governments spent massive amounts of The governments spent massive amounts of money to increase nuclear arsenal.money to increase nuclear arsenal.

Both countries worked frantically to produce Both countries worked frantically to produce the first hydrogen bomb. the first hydrogen bomb.

The US detonated the first H-Bomb in The US detonated the first H-Bomb in November 1952.November 1952.

The Soviets exploded a thermonuclear device The Soviets exploded a thermonuclear device in August 1955.in August 1955.

ICBMsICBMs Intercontinental Intercontinental

Ballistic MissilesBallistic Missiles The most important The most important

development in terms development in terms of delivery in the of delivery in the 1950s.1950s.

Missiles delivered Missiles delivered bombs instead of bombs instead of bomber aircrafts.bomber aircrafts.

SputnikSputnik October 1957: Soviet Union October 1957: Soviet Union

launched the first satellite, launched the first satellite, Sputnik.Sputnik.

The US launched their own The US launched their own satellite in 1959.satellite in 1959.

The Space Race displayed The Space Race displayed the technology available for the technology available for the delivery of nuclear the delivery of nuclear weapons while maintaining weapons while maintaining the appearance of the appearance of exploration and science.exploration and science.

Mutual Assured DestructionMutual Assured Destruction At the end of the Kennedy Administration, At the end of the Kennedy Administration,

both the US and the USSR admitted their both the US and the USSR admitted their vulnerability because of nuclear equality; vulnerability because of nuclear equality; one country couldn’t attack the other one country couldn’t attack the other because they knew they would be attacked because they knew they would be attacked in return.in return.

Whoever shoots first, dies second.Whoever shoots first, dies second. In the Reagan administration, MAD became In the Reagan administration, MAD became

Mutually Assured Security (MAS)Mutually Assured Security (MAS)

Détente Détente Economic problems led to arms control Economic problems led to arms control

agreements beginning in the 1970s. This agreements beginning in the 1970s. This period of time, known as détente, allowed a period of time, known as détente, allowed a reduction in spending.reduction in spending.

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I and Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I and II) limited the size of arsenals allowed.II) limited the size of arsenals allowed.

Partial Test Ban Treaty banned nuclear Partial Test Ban Treaty banned nuclear testing, anti-ballistic missile systems, and testing, anti-ballistic missile systems, and weapons in space all in an attempt to limit weapons in space all in an attempt to limit the arms race. the arms race.

Post-Cold WarPost-Cold War As the Cold War warmed up, the U.S. and As the Cold War warmed up, the U.S. and

Russia began to cut down on spending; Russia began to cut down on spending; fewer weapons were produced.fewer weapons were produced.

Large amount of resources and money which Large amount of resources and money which was spent on developing weapons was spent was spent on developing weapons was spent on repairing the environmental damage on repairing the environmental damage produced by the nuclear arms race.produced by the nuclear arms race.

All major production sites are now major All major production sites are now major clean-up sites. clean-up sites.

VideoVideo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOc109etOgEv=SOc109etOgE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOc109etOgEv=SOc109etOgE

QuestionsQuestions

What’s the purpose of ICBMs?What’s the purpose of ICBMs? What is Sputnik?What is Sputnik? What is the significance of MAS?What is the significance of MAS? What was détente?What was détente? What three things happened after the Cold What three things happened after the Cold

War?War?

Works CitedWorks Cited Rhodes, Richard. "The Soviet Response | Cold War: A Brief History | Rhodes, Richard. "The Soviet Response | Cold War: A Brief History |

History of the Atomic Age | atomicarchive.com." History of the Atomic Age | atomicarchive.com." atomicarchive.com: atomicarchive.com: Exploring the History, Science, and Consequences of the Atomic BombExploring the History, Science, and Consequences of the Atomic Bomb. . N.p., 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. N.p., 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. <http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/coldwar/page07.shtml><http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/coldwar/page07.shtml>

Hu, Irene, and Lica Awaki. "Turning Points in the Cold War: Sputnik and Hu, Irene, and Lica Awaki. "Turning Points in the Cold War: Sputnik and Apollo 11." Apollo 11." Angelfire: Welcome to AngelfireAngelfire: Welcome to Angelfire. N.p., 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 . N.p., 19 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2011. Apr. 2011. <http://www.angelfire.com/stars/lunareclipse/><http://www.angelfire.com/stars/lunareclipse/>

Laqueur, Walter. "After the Cold War." Laqueur, Walter. "After the Cold War." America - Engaging the World - America - Engaging the World - America.govAmerica.gov. N.p., 1 Apr. 2006. Web. 18 Apr. 2011. . N.p., 1 Apr. 2006. Web. 18 Apr. 2011. <http://www.america.gov/st/peacesecenglish/2006/April/<http://www.america.gov/st/peacesecenglish/2006/April/20080522121256WRybakcuH8.543032e-02.html>20080522121256WRybakcuH8.543032e-02.html>

"ICBM." "ICBM." United States HistoryUnited States History. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2011. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1955.html><http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1955.html>