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ARPA-E Update – BESAC Meeting Eric Toone July 26, 2012
ARPA-E Update –BESAC Meeting
Eric Toone
July 26, 2012
ARPA-E’s creation and launching
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2006Rising Above the Gathering Storm (National Academies)
2007America COMPETES Act
President Obama launches ARPA-E at National Academies
on April 27, 2009
Innovation based on science and engineering will be primary driver of our future prosperity & security
2009American Recovery and Reinvestment Act($400M Appropriated)
2011FY2011 Budget($180M Appropriated)
2012FY2012 Budget($275 Appropriated)
ARPA-E’s mission is to overcome the high-risk technological barriers facing energy technologies
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(A) promoting revolutionary advances in fundamental sciences
(B) translating scientific discoveries into technological innovations
(C) accelerating transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to undertake
Reduce Energy-Related Emissions
Improve Energy Efficiency
Reduce Energy Imports
To enhance the economic and energy security of the U.S.
To ensure U.S. technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies
ARPA-E seeks to identify and support technologies that will be both transformational and disruptive
New energy technologies matter only to the extent that they are:
– Both transformational and disruptive– Adopted and deployed by private industry – Meaningful way to consumers – Able to hit a key price tipping point
Benz Motorwagen (1885)
Ford Model T (1914)
Steam-powered Cugnot (1769)
0
2
4
6
8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Transformational
Transformational and Disruptive
Pric
e
Maturity
Tipping Point
Existing learning curve
New learning curve
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ARPA-E’s program development process is streamlined and ARPA-E does active program management
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Program Development Cycle Program Management Tools
Envision
Establish
Engage
Execute
Program Handoff
Program Conception
ProgramApproval
FOA Development & IssuanceMerit Review
of Proposals
Contract Negotiation
& Awards
Technology to Market Transition
Program Development
(Idea / Vision)
Workshop
Proposal Rebuttal
Project Selection
Ongoing Technical Review
To date ARPA-E has made 181 awards to a wide variety of organizations
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ARPA-E’s first open FOA resulted 37 projects across a wide variety technology areas
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Energy Storage
Biomass EnergyFOA 1
6projects
5projects
5projects
VBR Power Systems
Carbon Capture
5projects
4projects
Solar Fuels
Vehicle Technologies
5projects
Renewable Power
3projects
Building Efficiency
2projects
Waste Heat Capture 1project
Water1project
Conventional Energy
Lignocellulose breakdown is costly
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10
Energy Storage
Biomass EnergyFOA 1
6projects
5projects
5projects
VBR Power Systems
Carbon Capture
5projects
4projects
Solar Fuels
Vehicle Technologies
5projects
Renewable Power
3projects
Building Efficiency
2projects
Waste Heat Capture 1project
Water1project
Conventional Energy Conditionally activated
enzymes expressed in cellulosic energy crops
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Low-contact drilling technology to enable
economical geothermal wells
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Energy Storage
Biomass EnergyFOA 1
6projects
5projects
5projects
VBR Power Systems
Carbon Capture
5projects
4projects
Solar Fuels
Vehicle Technologies
5projects
Renewable Power
3projects
Building Efficiency
2projects
Waste Heat Capture 1project
Water1project
Conventional Energy
End-Use Efficiency
ARPA-E created 11 focused programs during the last two years
TransportationElectrofuels BEEST BEETIT
Stationary PowerIMPACCT ADEPT GRIDS
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HEATSPETRO
5-6¢/kWh fully installed at the MW scale by 2020
Solar ADEPT GENI REACT
Electro-Autotrophic Synthesis of Higher Alcohols
CO2 Isobutanol
H2 or formate
e-
e-
Electron Transport
H+
H+
H+
H+
O2H2O
ATPADP
NAD(P)+NAD(P)H
e-
ATP synth.
CO2 Pyruvate Isobutanol
CO2 fixationFuel production
ElectricityH2O
(and CO2)Electrolysis
O2H2 (or Formate)
1. Assimilate Reducing Equivalents
2. Fix CO2 for Biosynthesis
3. Generate Energy Dense Liquid Fuel
Electrofuels
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The Semi Solid Flow Cell (SSFC): Flow
Batteries meet Solid Batteries
Spec
ific
Ener
gy (
Wh/
kg)
Specific Power (W/kg)1005 6 7 8 9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1000
PHEV 40 Goal(2014)
Lithium Ion
Li-S/Li-air/Metal-air/Etc (new chems/mfg)
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4
6
8100
2
4
Next Gen
BEEST TARGET(EV Goal)
BEEST
Redox Density (M) Voltage (V)
Aqueous Flow Battery ~ 2 ~1
50% Solids SSFC 10-25 ~3.5
Low-Cost Biological Catalyst to Enable Efficient
CO2 Capture
IMPACCT
-0
20406080
100
45 55 65 75 85 95Resid
ual A
ctivi
ty (%
)
Temperature (Celsius)
Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) Thermostability
Human CAIIParent CARound 1 CARound 2 CA
CO2 + 2H2O
HCO3- + H3O+
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High-Efficiency, on-Line
Membrane Air Dehumidifier
Enabling Sensible Cooling for Warm
and Humid Climates
Reduce primary energy consumption by ~ 40 – 50%
Tamb = 90 oF, RH = 0.9Tsupply = 55 oF, RH = 0.5
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
COPVapor-compression
Prim
ary
Ene
rgy
Use
(kJ
/kg)
Cooling System Primary Energy Use
Theoretical limit
Current Systems
OpportunityARPA-ETarget
Today
BEETIT
Temperature
Hum
idity
Rat
io
Refrigeration unit
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Transformative Electrochemical Flow
Storage System
GRIDS
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Chip-scale LED Driver for Commercial Lighting
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ADEPT
25 Watt LED Electronics
Integrated Circuits for Power Systems
• On-chip inductors and transformers
• High-voltage transistors
• High-energy capacitors
MagneticsHard
Magnets
Switches
Integrated WBG
>13kV WBG
Unipolar
SiCSi
High Flux Soft
Magnets
300x reduction in power stage volume
5-6¢/kWh fully installed at the MW scale by 2020
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Solar ADEPTDual Bi-Directional
IGBTs Modules Enables
Breakthrough PV Inverter Using
Current Modulation Topology
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GENI
Resilient Multi-Terminal HVDC
Networks with High-Voltage High-
Frequency Electronics
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HEATS
Temperature
Scal
e
> 800 oC~ 500 oC<100 oC
Increase in efficiency > 50% compared to current systems (T ~ 300- 400 oc)
Reduces primary consumption ~ 25%
CHP systems in buildings
Increase EV range by ~ 40%
Synergy between Solar and High-Temp Nuclear
PHEV & EV
High-Efficiency Solar-Electric
Conversion Power Tower
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REACT
to make a new type of magnet:• Half the price • Twice as strong
Iron
Nitrogen
Increase Nitrogen content in Iron and order …
Iron + ?
Transformation Enabled Nitride Magnets Absent Rare Earths (TEN Mare)
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PETRO• Absorption: Ordinary photosynthesis uses less
than half of the incident light energy. Biological pigments that absorb more energy have been identified, but have not used in biofuel production.
• Metabolism: Currently, biofuels are fermented from biologically created materials. The two biological processes are able to be combined into a single process to generate fuel directly.
• Optimization: A dedicated source of biofuel is an agricultural crop. Rapid genetic selection can be used to accelerate the development of viable production strains.
Pine trees engineered to produce liquid fuel and paper
pulp
ARPA-E has recently announced awards for Methane Opportunities for Vehicular Energy (MOVE)
Objectives• 5-yr payback for light duty natural gas vehicles • Conformable tanks with energy density = CNG• Convenient, low-cost at-home refueling
Vehicle Storage + Home Refueling
< $2000
Program director: Dane BoysenRelease date: Feb 2012Award date: Sep 2012No. projects: 7-10Investment: $30M
Approach 1: Low pressure storage (< 500 psi)• Sorbent materials with energy density = CNG
Approach 2: High pressure storage (3,600 psi)• High strength, conformable tanks + low cost compression
Motivation• Price of NG $1.50/gge, gasoline $3.50/gallon• No natural gas infrastructure• Natural gas in 60M homes• Current heavy duty vehicle payback ~ 3 years• Oil consumption for light duty ~60%, heavy
~20%
MOVE Program Portfolio Overview
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Sorbents• Metal organic frameworks
► System focus► Synthesis focus► Computation focus
• Permeability modulated• Mechanical-chemical tank
Compressors• Liquid piston• Multi-stage, single piston• Crycool-sorbent• On-board
Tanks• Internal struts• Foam core• Cellular module• Small tube diameter
cross section of tank showing the steel liner design
Steel Shell
rib
foam
Advanced Management and Protection of Energy-storage Devices (AMPED) is currently under review
Objectives• Increase battery utilization through adaptive
management, sensing, modeling and power electronics
• Enable hybrid and secondary use applications
Redefine paradigm of energy
management
Program director: Ilan GurRelease date: Feb 2012Award date: Sep 2012No. projects: 10-14Investment: $30M
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Approaches• Radical sensor integration to allow real-time characterization• Novel diagnostic and state determination through non-electronic signals• Adaptive model and power electronic architecture approaches
Motivation• Current batteries often have 50% overbuild• Current battery management is crude and
limited beyond voltage, current and temperature
• Improve lifetime and valuation of packs• Increase utilization of battery systems without
changes to fundamental cell chemistry• Allow safe, rapid charging of batteries
The 2012 Open FOA is reviewing a wide variety of full applications in anticipation of a September selection
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FOA Launched - March 2Concept Papers Due - April 12CP Announcements - June 13Full Applications due - July 13 Review panels – August 8-10Applicant feedback due – August 22 Projects announced – late September
Distribution of Encouraged Concept Papers
Key Dates
