Supporting Information

Effect of steel slag in recycling waste activated sludge to

produce anaerobic granular sludgeLu Chena, Jinhui Jeanne Huanga, ⁎, Binbin Huaa, Ronald Drosteb, Salman Alia, Weixin Zhaoa

a College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Sino-Canada Joint R&D Centre on Water and Environmental Safety, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR Chinab Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada

Figure captionsFig. S1. XRD patterns of steel slags: 1-SiO2; 2-CaCO3; 3-Fe2O3; 4-CaO; 5-Al2O3.Fig. S2. Infrared spectra of granules EPS on day 23.Fig. S3. (A) Rarefaction curves, (B) rank-abundance curves and (C) Venn diagram of granules in CK, Fe10, RS10 and CS10 reactors on day 23.TableTable S1. Five metals elements in F1 and F2 fractions in the sludge left after AnGS formation.

Figure S1.

Fig. S1. XRD patterns of steel slags: 1-SiO2; 2-CaCO3; 3-Fe2O3; 4-CaO; 5-Al2O3.

Figure S2.

Fig. S2. Infrared spectra of granules EPS on day 23.

A B

C

Figure S3.

Fig. S3. (A) Rarefaction curves, (B) rank-abundance curves and (C) Venn diagram of granules in CK, Fe10, RS10 and CS10 reactors on day 23.

Table

Table S1. Metals elements in F1 and F2 fractions in the left sludge after AnGS formation.

Sample (mg/g) CK Fe5 Fe10 Fe15 RS5 RS10 RS15 CS5 CS10 CS15

CaF1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26.1 11.1 12.1F2 253.7 396.2 53.4 196.2 1.9 0.5 0.4 2.7 5.1 0.4

F1+F2 253.7 396.2 53.4 196.2 1.9 0.5 0.4 28.8 16.2 12.5

FeF1 7.9 4 0.6 2.6 6.1 0.4 0.5 5.2 0.9 10.9F2 10.7 5.7 0.8 3.7 7.9 0.5 0.6 5.2 0.8 13.5

F1+F2 18.6 9.8 1.4 6.3 13.9 1 1.2 10.4 1.7 24.4

MgF1 151.1 356.2 60.4 47.1 27 36.6 35.2 73.4 69.8 66.9F2 37.3 47.5 47.8 70.6 41.2 37.3 47.3 46.2 31.2 55.2

F1+F2 188.4 403.7 108.2 117.7 68.2 73.9 82.5 119.6 101.0 122.1

AlF1 1.7 0.7 0.0 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.3 1.3F2 194.1 169.4 34.8 188.7 244.4 23.4 26.4 216.3 47.9 261.3

F1+F2 195.8 170.1 34.8 189 245.5 23.5 26.4 217.1 48.2 262.6

MnF1 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0F2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

F1+F2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1Cr total content 0.93 0.95 0.67 0.78 0.64 0.74 0.82 0.57 0.96 0.50Pb total content 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Cu total content 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0