Supplement
Chemistry-triggered events of PM2.5 explosive growth during late
autumn and winter in Shanghai, China
Wenwen Suna, Dongfang Wangb, Lan Yaoa, Hongbo Fua, Qingyan Fub, Hongli Wangc, Qing Lia,
Lin Wanga, Xin Yanga, Aiyong Xiand, Gehui Wange, Hang Xiaof, Jianmin Chena, e, f ,*
a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of
Environmental Science & Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University,
Shanghai 200438, China
b Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
c Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
d Yellow River Shandong Bureau, Jinan 250000, China
e Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
f Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
*Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected])
Contents of the file
Number of Pages: 10
Number of figures: 8
Number of tables: 1
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Figure S1. Location of Shanghai in China (left) and the sampling site in Shanghai (right). Note
that red star denoted Dianshanhu supersite in right picture.
Shanghai
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Figure S2. (a)-(d) denote PSCF map of PM2.5 in Shanghai during late autumn and winter from
2014–2017, respectively.
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Figure S3. Meteorological conditions (RH and T), PM2.5, gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and
CO), chemical PM2.5 components during a 3 h EG episode under stagnant conditions in Shanghai
in late autumn and winter from 2014 to 2017. Note that Ep1 occurred at 17:00–19:00 LST on
January 3, 2014; Ep2 occurred at 9:00–13:00 LST on February 2, 2014; Ep3 occurred at 8:00–
12:00 LST on January 4, 2015.
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Figure S4. Apparent growth and chemical transformation of chemical components during a 3 h
EG episode under stagnant conditions in Shanghai in late autumn and winter from 2014 to 2017.
(a) EG rate of chemical PM2.5 components at 1 h, PM2.5 and chemical PM2.5 components at 3 h; (b)
CO-scaled EG rate of chemical PM2.5 components, SOR and NOR; (c) EG rate of K+; and (d) CO-
scaled EG rate of K+.
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Figure S5. Meteorological conditions (RH and T), PM2.5, gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and
CO) and chemical PM2.5 components during a 9 h EG episode under stagnant conditions in
Shanghai in late autumn and winter from 2014 to 2017. Note that Ep1 occurred at 15:00 LST on
January 1 to 01:00 LST on January 2, 2014; Ep2 occurred at 16:00 LST on January 17 to 00:00
LST on January 18, 2014; Ep3 occurred at 06:00–15:00 LST on December 15, 2014; Ep4 occurred
at 14:00–23:00 LST on December 29, 2014; Ep5 occurred at 1:00–9:00 LST on January 2, 2015;
Ep6 occurred at 1:00–8:00 LST on January 8, 2015; Ep7 occurred at 1:00–9:00 LST on January
10, 2015; Ep8 occurred at 1:00–14:00 LST on December 21, 2015; Ep9 occurred at 16:00 LST on
January 17 to 1:00 LST on January 18, 2016; Ep10 occurred at 23:00 LST on February 7 to 8:00
LST on February 8, 2016; Ep11 occurred at 7:00–15:00 LST on February 1, 2017; Ep12 occurred
at 1:00–9:00 LST on December 4, 2017; Ep13 occurred at 5:00–13:00 LST on December 31,
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2017.
Figure S6. Apparent growth and chemical transformation of chemical components during an EG
episode at 9 h under stagnant conditions in Shanghai in late autumn and winter from 2014–2017.
(a) EG rate of chemical PM2.5 components at 1 h, PM2.5 and chemical PM2.5 components at 9 h; (b)
CO-scaled EG rate of chemical PM2.5 components, SOR and NOR; (c) EG rate of K+; and (d) CO-
scaled EG rate of K+.
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Figure S7. Trend of NH4+ equivalent concentration as a function of (NO3
- + SO42-) equivalent
concentration with RH during Ep5 at 6 h.
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Figure S8. (a)Trend of NH4+ equivalent concentration as a function of (NO3
- + SO42-) equivalent
concentration with RH at 6 h; (b)Trend of the molar ratio of NO3- to SO4
2- and NH4+ to SO4
2- with
RH; (c)The change trend of molar concentration NO3- with excess NH4
+ at 6 h.
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Table S1 EG rates of SNA, OC and EC at 3, 6 and 9 h under stagnation respectively for Shanghai
in late autumn and winter from 2014–2017.
NO3- SO4
2- NH4+ OC EC
2014
3 h 6.7 3.8 5.4 - -
6 h 3.2 4.1 3.2 1.6 0.4
9 h 1.8 1.4 1.8 - -
2015
3 h 5.8 2.7 4.4 - -
6 h 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.3 0.5
9 h 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.0 0.4
2016
3 h - - - - -
6 h 3.3 2.0 2.8 1.5 0.6
9 h 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7
2017
3 h - - - - -
6 h - - - - -
9 h 5.4 2.5 1.9 0.6 0.2
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