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Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

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Arsenic Arsenic Groundwater Groundwater Contamination- Contamination- Bangladesh Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan
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Page 1: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Arsenic Groundwater Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Contamination-

BangladeshBangladesh

Encheng ZhouXiaowen Kan

IntroductionIntroduction

Prior to the 1970s the highest infant mortality rates in the world

UNICEF and the World Bank lsquos help(ground water well programme)

Over 8 million wells constructed

In 1993 Association of health problems with arsenic contamination

Estimated 35 to 77 million inhabitants are at risk of drinking contaminated water

Occurrence of arsenic in the Occurrence of arsenic in the worldworld

Bangladesh is not the only country with arsenic pollution of the groundwater but pollution is exceptionally widespread here

Arsenic ContaminationArsenic Contamination

A metalloid element known for its toxicity and carcinogenicity

70 million people possibly at risk

Still now it is difficult to resolve the problem

Country Effected Population EffectedBangladesh 60000000

Vietnam 2500000India 1000000China 720000

Taiwan 200000

Desorption fromFe(OH)3

Theories of Arsenic Theories of Arsenic MobilisationMobilisation

Mechanism of Mobilization

Anthropogenic Sources

PyritHypothesis

IndustryPharm ProductsMining

AgricultureFertilizerPestizides

Geogenic Mechanism

Pyrit HypothesePyrit Hypothese

bull Pyrites minerals (FeAsS) are present inthe delta sedimentsbull Due to the lowering of the water table (byintensified extraction for irrigation)1048774 oxidation of pyrites deposits in so-calledVadosebull Arsenic adsorbs to Fe(OH)3bull During recharge period 1048774 release of As(same mechanisms as before)

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 2: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

IntroductionIntroduction

Prior to the 1970s the highest infant mortality rates in the world

UNICEF and the World Bank lsquos help(ground water well programme)

Over 8 million wells constructed

In 1993 Association of health problems with arsenic contamination

Estimated 35 to 77 million inhabitants are at risk of drinking contaminated water

Occurrence of arsenic in the Occurrence of arsenic in the worldworld

Bangladesh is not the only country with arsenic pollution of the groundwater but pollution is exceptionally widespread here

Arsenic ContaminationArsenic Contamination

A metalloid element known for its toxicity and carcinogenicity

70 million people possibly at risk

Still now it is difficult to resolve the problem

Country Effected Population EffectedBangladesh 60000000

Vietnam 2500000India 1000000China 720000

Taiwan 200000

Desorption fromFe(OH)3

Theories of Arsenic Theories of Arsenic MobilisationMobilisation

Mechanism of Mobilization

Anthropogenic Sources

PyritHypothesis

IndustryPharm ProductsMining

AgricultureFertilizerPestizides

Geogenic Mechanism

Pyrit HypothesePyrit Hypothese

bull Pyrites minerals (FeAsS) are present inthe delta sedimentsbull Due to the lowering of the water table (byintensified extraction for irrigation)1048774 oxidation of pyrites deposits in so-calledVadosebull Arsenic adsorbs to Fe(OH)3bull During recharge period 1048774 release of As(same mechanisms as before)

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 3: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Occurrence of arsenic in the Occurrence of arsenic in the worldworld

Bangladesh is not the only country with arsenic pollution of the groundwater but pollution is exceptionally widespread here

Arsenic ContaminationArsenic Contamination

A metalloid element known for its toxicity and carcinogenicity

70 million people possibly at risk

Still now it is difficult to resolve the problem

Country Effected Population EffectedBangladesh 60000000

Vietnam 2500000India 1000000China 720000

Taiwan 200000

Desorption fromFe(OH)3

Theories of Arsenic Theories of Arsenic MobilisationMobilisation

Mechanism of Mobilization

Anthropogenic Sources

PyritHypothesis

IndustryPharm ProductsMining

AgricultureFertilizerPestizides

Geogenic Mechanism

Pyrit HypothesePyrit Hypothese

bull Pyrites minerals (FeAsS) are present inthe delta sedimentsbull Due to the lowering of the water table (byintensified extraction for irrigation)1048774 oxidation of pyrites deposits in so-calledVadosebull Arsenic adsorbs to Fe(OH)3bull During recharge period 1048774 release of As(same mechanisms as before)

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 4: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Arsenic ContaminationArsenic Contamination

A metalloid element known for its toxicity and carcinogenicity

70 million people possibly at risk

Still now it is difficult to resolve the problem

Country Effected Population EffectedBangladesh 60000000

Vietnam 2500000India 1000000China 720000

Taiwan 200000

Desorption fromFe(OH)3

Theories of Arsenic Theories of Arsenic MobilisationMobilisation

Mechanism of Mobilization

Anthropogenic Sources

PyritHypothesis

IndustryPharm ProductsMining

AgricultureFertilizerPestizides

Geogenic Mechanism

Pyrit HypothesePyrit Hypothese

bull Pyrites minerals (FeAsS) are present inthe delta sedimentsbull Due to the lowering of the water table (byintensified extraction for irrigation)1048774 oxidation of pyrites deposits in so-calledVadosebull Arsenic adsorbs to Fe(OH)3bull During recharge period 1048774 release of As(same mechanisms as before)

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 5: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Desorption fromFe(OH)3

Theories of Arsenic Theories of Arsenic MobilisationMobilisation

Mechanism of Mobilization

Anthropogenic Sources

PyritHypothesis

IndustryPharm ProductsMining

AgricultureFertilizerPestizides

Geogenic Mechanism

Pyrit HypothesePyrit Hypothese

bull Pyrites minerals (FeAsS) are present inthe delta sedimentsbull Due to the lowering of the water table (byintensified extraction for irrigation)1048774 oxidation of pyrites deposits in so-calledVadosebull Arsenic adsorbs to Fe(OH)3bull During recharge period 1048774 release of As(same mechanisms as before)

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 6: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Pyrit HypothesePyrit Hypothese

bull Pyrites minerals (FeAsS) are present inthe delta sedimentsbull Due to the lowering of the water table (byintensified extraction for irrigation)1048774 oxidation of pyrites deposits in so-calledVadosebull Arsenic adsorbs to Fe(OH)3bull During recharge period 1048774 release of As(same mechanisms as before)

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 7: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Health EffectsHealth EffectsOrgan System

Problems

Skin Symmetric hyperkeratosis of palms and soles melanosis or depigmentation bowens disease basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

liver Enlargement Jaundice cirrhosis non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Nervous System Peripheral neuropathy hearing loss

Cardiovascular System

Acrocyanosis and Raynauds Phenomenon

Hemopoietic System Megalobastosis

Respiratory System Lung Cancer

Endocrine System Diabetes mellitus and goiter

Signs of arsenicosis spots on the hands

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 8: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

Possibilities of Possibilities of EliminationElimination

For removal oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is neededPrinciple mechanismsbull oxidationbull adsorptionbull ion exchangeOxidationbull Oxidants such asbull O2bull O3bull KMnO4bull H2O2bull Mainly in industrializedcountriesCoagulation amp Adsorption

- Bucket Treatment Unit(1) Precipitation by metal salts inupper bucket(2) Coagulation by mixing(3) Adsorption by passing sandfilterbull precipitation + sedimentation filtrationbull membrane filtration

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh

Page 9: Arsenic Groundwater Contamination-Bangladesh Encheng Zhou Xiaowen Kan.

ConclusionConclusionThe worst environmental catastrophe of the

twentieth century

The government needs to conduct effective water

Remediation techniques are available but are being limited

Every effort should be made to help the people of Bangladesh


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