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ART AND THE AP EXAM
THE RENAISSANCE
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
• Perspective• Geometric structure• Humanism• Individualism
– Individual artists– Portraits
• Private patrons• Tension between religious and secular• Landscapes• Classic Themes in painting, sculpture, architecture
– Influence of Greece and Rome• Religious Themes (often painted in Renaissance time)
EXAMPLES
Massacio
Note persepctive
DA VINCI ST ANNE
Arnolfini Marriage: Portrait—Marriage Contract—Signs he was a businessmanPresence of artist in mirror—Dog=fidelity
THE BAROQUE
The Renaissance continuesAdd: Art of Counter Reformation
Art of SpainPassion
Classic ThemesVelasquezEl Greco
ST PETERS BASILICAHOW DID IT LEAD TO LUTHER’S REFORMATION?
HOW DOES “THE CREATION” EMBODY HUMANISM, IDEAS OF FREE WILL AND RELIGIOUS THEMES?
EL ESCORIAL: HOW DOES IT REFLECT THE VALUES OF PHILLIP II?
EL GRECO VIEW FROM TOLEDO
WHO WAS THE SPANISH COURT FAVORITE?
GRECO OR VELASQUEZ?
ART OF THE NETHERLANDS17th CENTURY
• Smaller houses=smaller pictures
• Scenes of everyday life with a message
• The fragility of life in the Netherlands (Low Lands
• Historical paintings, portraits
• Rembrandt, Vermeer
• Renaissance themes and values
THE NIGHT WATCH1642REMBRANDT
ON GUARD AGAINST THE ENEMYWHO WOULD THAT BE IN 1642
REMBRANDT: ARISTOTLE CONTEMPLATING THE BUST OF HOMER?WHAT RENAISSANCE-HUMANISTIC VALUES ARE REFLECTED HERE
VERMEER: DELFTWHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT LIFE IN 17th c. NETHERLANDS?
VERMEER: ASTRONOMER AND GEOGRAPHERWHAT DOES THIS SAY ABOUT 17th c. DUTCH?5
MEANWHILE—IN FRANCE AND ELSEWHERE
PETER PAUL RUBENSGIVES THE “NEW MONARCHS”
THE LOOK THEY LIKE
Rubens: THE LION HUNT
Caravaggio teaches us about light/dark and contrast
SUPPER AT EMMANUS
AGE OF LOUIS XIV
VERSAILLESCompare to El Escorial
THE HALL OF MIRRORS REFLECTED WHOSE IMAGEHOW DOES THIS PLAY INTO ABSOLUTISM?
LOUIS XIV and the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONSCIENCE and STATE BUILDING
Louis XIV as Sun King
ART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
• GENRE PAINTINGS– Continuing the Dutch idea of painting
everyday life– Art of the Enlightenment-the values of the
Enlightenment– Return to classical (Greco-Roman) themes
ChardinWhat can you surmise about this individual?
Fragonard THE READER
DAVID: OATH OF THE HORATIIHow did this picture reflect the ideals and problems of France in 1784
Clue: Concept of dying for Republic
ROMANTICISMlate 18th and most f 19th depending where you wereReaction to Age of Reason
19th C. ROMANTICISM
• Emotion rules over reason• Fascination with middle ages• Nature as “natural”• Beginnings resistance to Renaissance rules of
perspective• Man in nature• Fascination with “things oriental” (inspired by
Napoleon in Egypt and later, especially when France takes over North Africa
• Mixes in with nationalism, realism
ARTISTS AND OTHERS
• Art: INGRES, DELACROIX, GERICAULT,COURBET (realistic), FRIEDRICH, TURNER, CONSTABLE
NINETEENTH CENTURY ART TO 1870ish
DELACOIX LIBERTY LEADING THE WAY (1830 Revolution)
Massacre at Chios Europeans Support the Revolution in Greece
Shows weakness of Metternich system. HOW?
REALISM” COURBETFUNERAL AT ORNAIS
REAL PEOPLE IN REAL TIME
IMPRESSIONISM
• Influence of photography—capturing a moment in time
• Light as a subject of art (long influential but perhaps never a subject on its own)
• Breakdown of traditional ideas of perspective
• Parallels the French Rev and Industrial Rev and breakdown of tradition structures as they are replaced by new ones
IMPRESSIONISM continued
• Subjects are “real” places/people in “real” time; Scenes are often in the countryside but more often than not are records of ‘city life”
• Short lived but influential; gives rise to many other movements and finally modern art
• Important artists: Manet, Monet,Morisot (woman); Degas, Lautrec
MONETGare St. Lazare
How did the steam engine and railways change European life in the late 19th century (post 1860)
HOW DOES THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHANGE THE LANDSCAPE?Painting by MONET
RENOIR: Moulin de la GaletteWhat is Renoir telling us about the working class in this painting?
DEGAS: THE IRONERSWho are these women? How do they tell us about late 19th century women?
CHANGING PERSPECTIVESBEGINNING OF MODERN ART
CEZANNE
HOW DOES CEZANNE CHALLENGE RULES OF PERSPECTIVE?
CEZANNE: CARD PLAYERSHOW DOES CEZANNE CHALLENGE US VISUALLY AND INTELLECTUALLY
HOW DOES HE FIT IN TO LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY REALITY?
MODERN ART
HOW DO PICASSO AND BRAQUES BUILD ON TRADITION AND CHALLENGE IT
HOW DO THEY REFLECT A BREAKDOWN OF TRADITIONAL FORMS IN THE LATE
NINETEENTH AND EARLY 20th CENTURIES
CUBISM
Pre WWI
Picasso: Demoiselle d”Avignon
BracquesPaintings/collage
with PicassoCUBISM
PIERRE MATISSE
THIS IS BY NO MEANS DEFINITIVE BUT IT SHOULD
GIVE YOU SOME IDEA OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ART
AND THE TIMES