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Architecture Architecture through historythrough history
Architecture Architecture through historythrough history
by: Isabella Alviaby: Isabella AlviaArt B (Fall 2014)Art B (Fall 2014)
by: Isabella Alviaby: Isabella AlviaArt B (Fall 2014)Art B (Fall 2014)
Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of Contents
Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture
Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture
Byzantine ArchitectureByzantine Architecture
Romanesque ArchitectureRomanesque Architecture
Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture
Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture
Baroque ArchitectureBaroque Architecture
Neoclassical ArchitectureNeoclassical Architecture
Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture
Greek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureLife in ancient Greece revolved around Life in ancient Greece revolved around
religion, therefore it is expressed in their art religion, therefore it is expressed in their art
and architecture.and architecture.
The Greek temples consist of three The Greek temples consist of three
architectural designs: Doric, Ionic, and architectural designs: Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian.Corinthian.
The Doric design appears plain and sturdy (ex: The Doric design appears plain and sturdy (ex:
Temple of Apollo)Temple of Apollo)
The Ionic design appears to have more elegant The Ionic design appears to have more elegant
designs and is thinner as well. Its peak designs and is thinner as well. Its peak
contains swirls, similar to a scroll design (ex: contains swirls, similar to a scroll design (ex:
Temple of Athena Nike)Temple of Athena Nike)
The Corinthian style contains the most designs The Corinthian style contains the most designs
of all, with detailed, elegant, and various of all, with detailed, elegant, and various
decorations on its peak. (ex: Temple of decorations on its peak. (ex: Temple of
Olympian Zeus)Olympian Zeus)
Roman ArchitectureRoman ArchitectureRoman ArchitectureRoman Architecture
The Romans have were fascinated The Romans have were fascinated
and adapted many Greek customs and adapted many Greek customs
especially their architectural especially their architectural
techniques. Not only did they apply techniques. Not only did they apply
these customs in their lifestyle, but these customs in their lifestyle, but
improved them as well.improved them as well.
Roman architectural inventions Roman architectural inventions
include: the basilica, amphitheater, include: the basilica, amphitheater,
Tuscan column, and baths (improved Tuscan column, and baths (improved
drainage system). drainage system).
Some examples include: the Some examples include: the
Pantheon, Basilica Julia, Arena of Pantheon, Basilica Julia, Arena of
Nimes, Baths of Caracalla, Roman Nimes, Baths of Caracalla, Roman
villa, and so much more.villa, and so much more.
Byzantine Byzantine ArchitectureArchitectureByzantine Byzantine
ArchitectureArchitectureFollowing the 5th century, Following the 5th century,
came a new type of era called, came a new type of era called,
Byzantine, along with its own Byzantine, along with its own
unique design as well as some unique design as well as some
adaptation of the Romans. adaptation of the Romans.
Architecture in this era Architecture in this era
consists of round arches, consists of round arches,
mosaics, and massive domes mosaics, and massive domes
with square bases and piers. with square bases and piers.
Examples: The Basilica of Sant’ Examples: The Basilica of Sant’
Apollinaire Nuovo, Eucterium, Apollinaire Nuovo, Eucterium,
Rotunda.Rotunda.
Romanesque Romanesque ArchitectureArchitectureRomanesque Romanesque ArchitectureArchitecture
Romanesque architecture in Romanesque architecture in
Europe is similar to the Roman Europe is similar to the Roman
style buildings. Romanesque style buildings. Romanesque
architecture consists of thick architecture consists of thick
walls, round arches, sturdy piers, walls, round arches, sturdy piers,
large towers, decorations/ large towers, decorations/
designs, and is massive in size. designs, and is massive in size.
With this architectural style, new With this architectural style, new
churches, monasteries and many churches, monasteries and many
castles were built. castles were built.
Example: Great St. Martin Example: Great St. Martin
Church, CologneChurch, Cologne
Gothic ArchitectureGothic ArchitectureGothic ArchitectureGothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture lasted through the Gothic Architecture lasted through the
Middle Ages in Europe, 12th- 16th Middle Ages in Europe, 12th- 16th
century. century.
Buildings created in this style consist Buildings created in this style consist
of immense spaces, walls, and tracery. of immense spaces, walls, and tracery.
This new style of the middle ages was This new style of the middle ages was
seen mainly in churches with new seen mainly in churches with new
design techniques such as: pointed design techniques such as: pointed
arches and the flying buttress. arches and the flying buttress.
The flying buttress, in particular, The flying buttress, in particular,
helped remove weight from the roof of helped remove weight from the roof of
the walls, enabled it to be higher, and the walls, enabled it to be higher, and
allowed more room for windows to allowed more room for windows to
allow light in. (ex: Notre Dame de allow light in. (ex: Notre Dame de
Paris)Paris)
Renaissance Renaissance ArchitectureArchitectureRenaissance Renaissance ArchitectureArchitecture
Renaissance architecture ranged Renaissance architecture ranged
from the 15th- 17th century in from the 15th- 17th century in
Europe. Europe.
This particular style focussed This particular style focussed
entirely on geometric means, entirely on geometric means,
symmetry, and proportion. symmetry, and proportion.
Semicircular arches, Semicircular arches,
hemispherical domes, lintels, hemispherical domes, lintels,
plasters, and columns were used plasters, and columns were used
to make up buildings of this to make up buildings of this
design. design.
Some examples include: Florence Some examples include: Florence
Cathedral and St. Peter’s BasilicaCathedral and St. Peter’s Basilica
Baroque Baroque ArchitectureArchitecture
Baroque Baroque ArchitectureArchitecture
Lasting until the 18th century, Lasting until the 18th century,
Baroque Architecture consisted Baroque Architecture consisted
of space, expression, and of space, expression, and
contrast. contrast.
Contrast was used particularly Contrast was used particularly
in lighting to create a dramatic in lighting to create a dramatic
effect on the buildings’ effect on the buildings’
interiors. Bright colors were interiors. Bright colors were
used on ceiling paintings to used on ceiling paintings to
communicate emotions.communicate emotions.
Some examples include: Palace Some examples include: Palace
of Versailles and St. Peter’s of Versailles and St. Peter’s
Square Square
Neoclassical Neoclassical ArchitectureArchitectureNeoclassical Neoclassical ArchitectureArchitecture
Lasting from the 18th to 19th Lasting from the 18th to 19th
century, Neoclassical century, Neoclassical
architecture consisted of design architecture consisted of design
qualities that revived the qualities that revived the
Roman and Greek forms. Roman and Greek forms.
This particular style made use This particular style made use
of scale and geometric forms, of scale and geometric forms,
tall columns, symmetrical tall columns, symmetrical
shapes, and triangular/ domed shapes, and triangular/ domed
roofs. roofs.
Examples: Thomas Jefferson Examples: Thomas Jefferson
Memorial and Maison du Caree Memorial and Maison du Caree
at Nimesat Nimes
Modern ArchitectureModern ArchitectureModern ArchitectureModern ArchitectureRanging from the late 19th century Ranging from the late 19th century
to today, Modern Architecture to today, Modern Architecture
consists of un ornamented styles, or consists of un ornamented styles, or
International style.International style.
The modern style focuses more on The modern style focuses more on
social and political developments social and political developments
occurring. The buildings’ designs are occurring. The buildings’ designs are
made according to its function and made according to its function and
dramatic, unnecessary details are no dramatic, unnecessary details are no
longer included. Buildings were longer included. Buildings were
created according to its use/ created according to its use/
purpose.purpose.
Examples include: Empire State Examples include: Empire State
Building and Sydney Opera House.Building and Sydney Opera House.
The EndThe EndThe EndThe End