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Art History Survey II: India After 1200
T,R, 12-1:20PMProfessor Paige Prater
Map it!
Times
• 1199 CE – fall of Pala dynasty (northeastern India) • 1206 – Turkish dynasties rule parts of India• 13th-14th century – Sukhothai Kingdom, Thailand• 1336-1565 – Vijayanagar Dynasties• 1526- First Mughal Emperor (Babur)• 1600 – British East India Company• 1658-1858 – unified Mughal Empire (northern India)• 1858-1947 – British imperial power in India• 1947 CE – India is independent
Big Ideas for Art in Ch. 23
• Exogenous influence • Nationalism• Imperialism• Global style vs. indigenous themes• One nation: many religions represented – Buddhism– Jainism– Hinduism
Religious Traditions in India
• Buddhism– Buddha’s teaching (563-483 BCE) – life’s
difficulties>enlightenment>nirvana• Hinduism – karma, reincarnation, polytheistic;
liberation from samsara (cycle of life and death)– Vishnu– Shiva– Devi– Brahma
Jainism
• Kill no living creature; strict vegetarianism• ‘Three Jewels’: right belief, right knowledge, right
conduct• Monks/laypersons seek purification to become
worthy of rebirth in pathfinder’s heaven• Mahavira (599-527 BCE)– Final of 24 pathfinders
• Kalpa Sutra (1375-1400 CE)– illuminated manuscript of lives of pathfinders
Places
• Monastic universities– Tantric (Vajrayana) Mahayana Buddhism (Tibet)
• Bodhisattva• Avalokiteshvara:
greatest compassion– Most popular
• Symbols: lotus, eye, crown
Tantric Mahayana Buddhism
The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara. Kurkihar, Bihar. Pala dynasty, 12th century. Gilt-bronze, height 10”. Patna Museum, Patna.
Kalpa Sutra
• Gouache on paper
Detail of a Leaf with the Birth of Mahavira. Western Indian school (probably Gujarat), c. 1375-1400. 8.5x7.6 cm
Temple at Madurai, 13th century
• gopura=gateway entrance (11 of them)
• Dedicated to goddess Minakshi (Parvati, Shiva’s consort)
• Additions over the centuries
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohl3_NQiRjY
Southeast Asia: Buddhist & Hindu
• Now Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Indonesia
• Shwe-Dagon Stupa (Pagoda)
Southeast Asian Art after 1200
• Buddha Calling the Earth to Witness, Sukhothai style. Bronze
Ceramics from the Hoi An Hoard, Vietnamese, late 15th-early16th century
Mughal Period, reign of Akbar, c. 1567-1582
• Islamic influence• Hamza’s Spies Scale
the Fortress from the Hamzanama, North India. Gouache on cotton, 30x24.” Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
Taj Mahal, 1631-1648, Agra, India• White marble inscribed; reflects the sun• Dome: 58’ diameter, 213’ tall• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPiuXIelwXA
India and the West
• 17th-18th centuries: British East India Co.
• 19th century: British control: New Delhi (1911)
• Classical+Indian styles
Sir Edward Lutyens, India Gate, 20th century.