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1993) 579A C O M P E N D I U M O F T I S S U E N U T R I E N T C O N C E N T R A T I O N SF O R F I E L D - G R O W N P O T A T O E S

J . L . W a l w o r t h a n d J . E . M u n i z 1

bstractC u r r e n t l i te r a t u r e w a s r e v i e w e d t o e v a l u a t e re l a ti o n s h ip s b e t w e e np o t a t o ti ss u e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d y i e ld . P r i m a r y s o u r c e s t h o s e b a s e d

o n o r i g in a l r e s e a r c h ) w e r e e m p h a s i z e d t o p r e v e n t d u p l i c a t e i n f o r m a t i o n .D a t a w e r e r e j e c t e d i f s ta g e o f g r o w t h a n d p l a n t p a r t w e r e n o t s p e ci fi c al lyd e f i n e d . D a t a t h a t m e t t h e s e c r i t e r ia w e r e s e p a r a t e d b y p l a n t p a r t , s t a g eo f g r o w t h, a n d n u t r i e n t f o r m s o l u b le v e r s u s t o ta l n u t r ie n t ) . T h e i n f o r m a -t i o n w a s t h e n c o m p i l e d t o il l u st r a te t h e r a n g e o f r e p o r t e d v a l u e s f o r e a c hn u t r i e n t , s t a g e o f g r o w t h , a n d p l a n t p a r t . V a l u e s a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r d e f i c ie n t ,lo w , s u f f ic i e n t , h i g h , a n d t o x i c l e v e ls o f n i t r o g e n , p h o s p h o r u s , p o t a s s i u m ,c a l c i u m , m a g n e s i u m , s u lf u r, b o r o n , c h l o ri n e , c o p p e r , i r o n , m a n g a n e s e , a n dzinc .

Comp e n d i oS e r e v is 6 l a l it e r a t u r a e x i s t e n te p a r a e v a l u a r l a r e l a c i 6 n e n t r e 1as c o n -c e n t r a c i o n e s d e n u t r i e n t e s e n l o s t e ji d o s d e p a p a y d r e n d i m i e n t o . S e e n f a ti z 6e n l as f u e n t e s b a s ic a s a q u e l l a s b a s a d a s e n l a i n v e s t ig a c i 6 n o r i g in a l ) p a r a

e v i t a r d u p l i c a r l a i n f o r m a c i 6 n . L o s d a t o s f u e r o n r e c h a z a d o s s i e l e s t a d o d ec r e c i m i e n t o d e la s p a r t e s d e l a p l a n t a n o e r a e s p e c f f i c a m e n t e d e f i n id o . L o sd a t o s q u e c u m p l f a n c o n e s to s c r it e ri o s fu e r o n s e p a r a d o s d e a c u e r d o c o nl a p a r t e d e l a p l a n t a , e s t a d o d e c r e c i m i e n t o y l a f o r m a d e n u t r i e n t e s o l u -b l e v s. n u t r i e n t e t o ta l ). L a i n f o r m a c i 6 n r u e l u e g o c o n s o l i d a d a p a r a m o s -t r a r e l r a n g o d e l os v a l o r e s r e p o r t a d o s p a r a c a d a n u t r i e n t e , e s t a d o d ec r e c i m i e n t o y p a r t e d e l a p l a n ta . L o s v a lo r e s se p r e s e n t a n p a r a n i ve l es d e f t-cientes , bajos , suficientes , al tos y t6xicos de nitr6geno, f6sforo, potasio, calcio,m a g n e s i o , a z u f r e , b o r o , c l o r o , c o b r e , h i e r r o , m a n g a n e s o y z i n c .

I n t r oduc t i onT h e r e a r e n u m e r o u s p u b l i s h e d s t a n d a r d p o t a t o p la n t t is su e n u t ri e n tc o n c e n t r a t i o n s ; h o w e v e r, t h e r e c e n t a v a i la b l e d a t a h a s n o t b e e n c o m p i l e d .

R e p o r t e d t is s u e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t io n s t e n d t o v a r y fo r se v e ra l r e a so n s ,i n c l u d i n g v a r i a t i o n s i n t i ss u e s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s , t y p e a n d a g e o f t i ss u e1Associate Professor of So il Science and Resea rch A ssistant, respectively, Un iversity ofAlaska Fairbank s Ag ricultural and Forestry Exp erime nt Station, Palm er, Alaska 99645.Accepted for publication F ebru aw 22, t993.A D D IT IO N A L KE Y W OR DS: Plant anhlysis, critical value, critical range, sufficiencylevel.

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580 AMERICANPOTATO OURNAL (Vo l. 70s a m p l e d , a n d p o t a to v a r ie t ie s u s e d. T h e r a n g e o f s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s a n ds t a n d a r d n u t r i e n t l ev e ls f o u n d i n p u b l i sh e d l i t e r a tu r e a r e e x a m i n e d i n t h ispape r .

tandard ValuesI n 1 9 52 , U l r i c h ( 4 6) d e s c r ib e d t h e C r i ti c a l N u t r i e n t C o n c e n t r a t i o n( C N C ) a s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a n u t r i t i o n a l e l e m e n t j u s t d e f i c i e n t f o r m a x -i m u m g r o w th . I n q u a n t i t a t iv e t e r m s , i t w a s d e f i n e d as t h e t ra n s i t io n z o n ew he r e t he r e is a 5 t o 10% dec r eas e i n g r ow t h (48 ).D o w a n d R o b e r t s (4 ) d e s c r ib e d a C r i ti c a l N u t r i e n t R a n g e ( C N R ) a st h e r a n g e b e t w e e n t h e c r it ic a l le ve l a n d t h e o p t i m u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( t h e

t is su e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n w h i c h r e su lt s i n m a x i m u m y i el d ). J o n e s (1 8)d e v e l o p e d t h e f o ll o w i n g d e f in i t io n s :d e f i c i e n t - v is ib le s y m p t o m s o f a n u t r i ti o n a l d e f ic i e n cy ;l o w - p l a n t m a y b e n o r m a l i n a p p e a r a n c e , b u t p r o b a b l y w i ll b e r e sp o n s iv eto f e r t i l i za t ion ;s u f f i c i e n t - p l a n t h a s n o r m a l a p p e a r a n c e a n d a d e q u a t e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n -t r a t i o n f o r m a x i m u m y i e ld ( th e l o w e r l im i t o f th e s u ff ic i e nc y r a n g eis u s u a ll y c o n s i d e r e d e q u i v a l e n t t o t h e C N C ) ;h i g h - p l a n t ha s n o r m a l a p p e a r a n c e a n d o p t i m u m y i e ld c a n b e e xp e c te d ;

h o w e v e r, n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n is h i g h e r t h a n n e c e s s a ry ;e x c e s s p l a n t m a y e x h i b i t e i t h e r a n o r m a l a p p e a r a n c e o r d i s p l a y s y m p -t o m s o f n u t r i t io n a l d i s o rd e r ; y i e ld m a y b e s i g n if ic a n t ly r e d u c e d .

T h e v a r io u s m e t h o d s u s e d f o r d e v e l o p m e n t o f s t a n d a rd s c o n t r ib u t et o v a r i a t i o n i n v a lu e s r e p o r t e d i n t h e l i te r a t u r e . S i n g l e n u t r i e n t r e s p o n s ec u r v e s m a y v a r y f r o m o n e s et o f c o n d i t io n s t o a n o t h e r ( 43 ) a n d g iv e ri set o d i sc r e p a n c i e s in s t a n d a r d v a lu e s . A l so , th e r e a r e m a n y m e t h o d s o f in t e r -p r e t i n g n u t r i e n t r e s p o n s e d a t a , r a n g i n g f r o m p e r so n a l j u d g e m e n t ( 34 )t o v a r i o u s m o d e l s o f s ta t is ti c al r e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s is . K e n w o r t h y ( 2 4 ) e st a b -l is h e d o p t i m u m n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n le ve ls b y a v e r a g i n g n u t r i e n t c o n -c e n t r a t i o n s o f a p o p u l a t i o n o f h i g h - y i e l d in g p l an t s. T h i s m e t h o d h a s b e e nw i d e ly a d o p t e d a n d m a y b e u s e d t o p r o d u c e a s u ff ic ie n c y o r n o r m a l r a n g eb y i n c l u d i n g a v a r i a n c e - b a s e d t e r m (2 5 ).Tissue Type

A l m o s t e v e r y p o r t i o n o f t h e p o t a to p l a n t h a s b e e n u s e d t o d e t e r m i n enut r i t iona l s t a tus, inc lud ing : l eaf le t s (b lades and /or m arg ins ) , pe t io les, in tac tl eaves w i t h pe t io l e s , r ach i s e s , s t ems , r oo t s , t ube r s , s t o lons , a nd o t h e r d i s-m e m b e r e d p l a n t p a r t s (1 2). E v e n s o, a f e w p l a n t p a r t s a r e g e n e r a l l y c o n -s i d e r e d m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e .T h e p e t io l e is t h e m o s t c o m m o n l y se l e ct e d p l a n t p a r t f o r u s e i n p o t a t on u t r i t i o n a l a n a l y s i s , a l t h o u g h i t m a y n o t b e t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e f o r a l ln u t r i e n t s o r i n a ll s i tu a t io n s . L o r e n z a n d T y l e r ( 2 8 ) f o u n d t h a t t h e c o n -c e n t r a t i o n s o f p o t a s s i u m ( K ) i n t h e p e ti o le a r e o f t e n m u c h g r e a t e r t h a n i n

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1993) W A L W O R T H A N D M U N IZ : T I S S U E N U T R I E N T C O N C E N T R A T I O N S 5 8t h e b l a d e o f t h e p o t a t o l e af . A l so , th e p e t i o le m a y b e m o r e r e s p o n s i v e t h a no t h e r p l a n t p a r t s t o c h a n g e s i n s o il n i t r o g e n ( N ) le v e l s ( 3 , 1 0 ). D o w ( 5 )r e p o r t e d t h a t p e t i o l e s a r e o f t e n m o s t s e n s i t i v e t o c h a n g e s i n s o i l m a c r o -n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t , w h e r e a s l e a f b l a d e s a r e m o r e s e n si ti v e t o d i ff e r e n c e s i ns oil m i c r o n u t r i e n t le ve ls . H e r e c o m m e n d e d u s e o f t h e p l a n t p a r t m o s t s e n-s i t i v e t o s o i l n u t r i e n t c o n t e n t .N u t r i e n t c o n t e n t a ls o va r ie s w i t h t h e lo c a t i o n o f t h e s a m p l e d o r g a no n t h e p l a n t. T h e p e t io l e m o s t o f te n s a m p l e d i s f r o m t h e 4 t h o r 5 t h l e a ff r o m t h e t o p o f t h e p l a n t , w h i c h i s m o s t r e c e n t l y m a t u r e ( 7, 2 0 , 3 8, 4 5 ).H o w e v e r , s o m e h a v e p r e f e r r e d t o s a m p l e t h e 2 n d p e t io l e f ro m t h e t o p o ft h e p l a n t ( 3 3 , 4 7) . T h e r e g i o n o f t h e p l a n t f r o m w h i c h t h e t i ss u e is s a m -p l e d m a y h a v e s i g n i f i c a n t i m p a c t o n t h e r e s u l t s o f a n a l y s i s (8 , 2 7 , 3 2) .Variation in Tissue Age

T h e a g e o f t h e p l a n t a t t h e t i m e o f s a m p l i n g a ls o a ff ec t s d e t e r m i n a -t io n o f s t a n d a r d n u t r i e n t v a l u e s b e c a u s e t i ss u e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n sc h a n g e w i th ti m e . T h e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t io n i n a fa s t -g r o w i n g p o t a t o p l a n tc a n c h a n g e a s m u c h a s 10 0 i n o n e w e e k ( 28 ).C r i t ic a l n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s v a r y w i t h t h e s t ag e o f c r o p g r o w t ha t t h e t i m e o f s a m p l i n g ( 5 , 1 2, 3 2 ) . D o l l et al ( 3) f o u n d t h a t p l a n t a g e m u s tbe p rec i s e ly kn ow n to es tab l i sh a c r i ti ca l n i t r a te -N level becau se n i t r a te levelsi n t h e p l a n t d e c r e a s e v e r y r a p i d l y a s t h e p l a n t a g e s. A n i t r a te l ev e l c o n s i d -e r e d d e f i c i e n t e a r l y in t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n m a y b e e x c e ss iv e a t a l a t e r d a t e .K e l l i n g ( 2 2 , 2 3 ) f o u n d n i t r a t e l ev e ls i n p l a n t s 5 5 - 6 0 d a y s a f t e r e m e r g e n c ec o u l d b e p l a c e d i n d e f i n i t e c a t e g o r i e s o f d e f i c i e n t, l ow , a n d s u f fi c ie n t ; w h e na n a l y s e s w e r e c o n d u c t e d l a t e r i n t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n , i n t e r p r e t a t i o n w a sdif f icu l t .A g e m a y b e d e f i n e d e i t h e r c h r o n o l o g ic a l ly o r p h y si ol og ic a ll y. C h r o n o -l o gi c al a g e is m e a s u r e d e i t h e r f r o m t h e t i m e o f p l a n t i n g o r t h e t i m e o f e m e r -g e n c e . P h y s i o l o g i c a l a g e i s f r e q u e n t l y d e t e r m i n e d b y s t a g e o f b l o o m ,a l t h o u g h t u b e r s iz e i s a l so u s e d . F a c t o r s t h a t i n f l u e n c e p l a n t d e v e l o p m e n tc a n a l so a lt e r th e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n p h y s i o lo g i c a l a n d c h r o n o l o g i c a l a g e ,t h e r e b y a f fe c t in g ti s su e n u t r i e n t c o n c e n t r a t io n s . F o r e x a m p l e , c o l d w e a t h e ra n d o t h e r s tr e ss e s t h a t s l o w p o t a t o g r o w t h w e r e f o u n d t o c a u s e i n c r e a s e dn i t r a t e l e v el s i n p e t i o le s c o m p a r e d t o u n s t r e s s e d p l a n t s ( 2 0 ). N i t r a t e c o n -t e n t h a s a ls o b e e n f o u n d t o d i ff e r b e t w e e n i r ri g a te d p o t a t o c r o p s v e rs u s d r y -l a n d c r o p s (3 ). T h e u s e o f g r o w i n g d e g r e e d a y s h a s b e e n s u g g e s te d a s am e t h o d t o s t a n d a r d i z e s a m p l i n g t i m e ( 37 ).Cultivar Variation

T h e p o t a t o c u l t i v a r c h o s e n f o r a g i v e n e x p e r i m e n t c a n a f f e c t t h e r e s u lt so f t is s u e a n al y si s, p a r t i c u la r l y w h e n s a m p l i n g is b a s e d o n c h r o n o l o g ic a l a g e( 2) . E a r l y - m a t u r i n g c u l t iv a r s m a y e x h i b i t lo w e r n u t r i e n t l ev e ls t h a n l a t e rm a t u r i n g c u l ti v a rs s a m p l e d o n t h e s a m e d a t e, p r o b a b l y b e c a u s e ea rl y -

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582 AMERICANPOTATO OURNAL (Vo l. 70m a t u r i n g c u l ti v a rs a r e p h y s io l o g ic a ll y m o r e m a t u r e o n a g i v e n d a te . F o re x a m p l e , C a r p e n t e r (2 ) f o u n d t h a t N c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n a n e a r l y - m a t u r i n gc u l ti v a r w e r e lo w e r o n a g i v e n s a m p l i n g d a t e t h a n i n l a t e - m a t u r i n g v a ri et ie s .

Me t h o d sT h i s r e v ie w w a s c o m p i l e d f r o m r e s e a r c h re p o r t s a n d p l a n t a n a l y s isg u id e s . O v e r s e v e nt y -f iv e r e s e a r c h p u b l i c a ti o n s w e r e e x a m i n e d ; d a t a w e r eu t il iz e d o n l y w h e n t h e t y p e o f t is su e s a m p l e d a n d t h e c h r o n o lo g i c al o r p h y s -i ol og ic a l a g e o f t h e p l a n t a t t h e t i m e o f s a m p l i n g w e r e c l e a rl y d e f in e d . M a n yp a p e r s c o n t a i n e d s e c o n d a r y r ef e re n c e s . W h e n p o ss ib le , o n l y o r ig i n a l d a t aw e r e u t i li z e d , a n d d u p l i c a t e d a t a r e j e c te d . S o m e s u ff ic ie n t v a l u e s w e r e

t a k e n f r o m t o p - y i e l d i n g t r e a t m e n t s i n so il f e r ti li ty s tu d i e s w h e n y i e l d s w e r eg o o d a n d t h e r e w e r e n o o t h e r n u t r i ti o n a l p r o b l e m s i n d ic a t e d . A n e f f o r t w a sm a d e t o s t a n d a r d i z e p l a n t a g e . V a r io u s a u t h o r s h a v e u s e d d a y s f r o m p l a n t -hag , days f r om e m er gen ce , o r g r ow t h st ages m ea s u r ed i n p l an t he i gh t , deg r eeo f f low er ing , o r s ize o f tube r s t o d e t e r m i ne age . Fo r t he pu r pos e o f t h is pape r ,a ll v a l u e s h a v e b e e n t r a n s f o r m e d t o e a r l y - s e a s o n ( p l a n t s 12 h i g h t o b lo s -s o m s et) , m i d - s e a s o n ( b l os s o m t o t h e t i m e w h e n t u b e r s a r e h a l f - g ro w n ) ,l a te - s e a so n ( t u b e r s h a l f -g r o w n t o m a t u r i t y ) , a n d h a r v es t, a c c o r d i n g t o t h edef in i t ions used b y T yler e ta /. (45). S tages of g rowth as d ef ine d in the or ig ina lp u b l i c a t i o n s a r e a l s o i n c l u d e d .T is su e con cen t ra t ion s we re p lace d in to ca tegor ies o f def ic ien t , low , suf fi-c i e n t , h i g h , o r t o x ic , l a r g e l y b a s e d o n t h e c a t e g o r i z a t i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a la u t h o r s . C r i ti c a l v a lu e s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e t h e u p p e r l im i t o f t h e l o wr ange ( 35 ) .

i s c u s s i o nNitrogen WhenN s ta tus of pe t io le ti ssues i s de te rm ine d , g enera l ly on lyt h e p o r t i o n i n t h e n i t r a t e ( N O 3 - N ) f o r m i s m e a s u r e d ; i n m o s t o t h e r ti ss u est o t a l N i s meas u r ed ( T ab l e 1 ) .T h e n i t r a t e s t a tu s o f p e t io l e s is p r o b a b l y t h e m o s t i n t e n s i v e l y s t u d i e dpo t a t o nu t r i t i ona l pa r am e t e r . O n e d i ff icu l ty a s s oc ia t ed w i t h t he u s e o f pe t io l en i t r a t e l ev e ls fo r d i a g n o s t i c p u r p o s e s is t h e r a p i d d e c l i n e i n p e t i o le n i t r a t ed u r i n g t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n (3 ). T h e s ta g e o f g r o w t h a t s a m p l i n g m u s t b ea c c u r a t e l y d e t e r m i n e d f o r s u c ce s sf u l i n t e r p r e ta t i o n .R e p o r t e d s u f f ic i e n t p e t io l e n i t r a t e - N l ev e ls r a n g e f r o m 0 . 9 4 % (1 2) t o2 .5 0 % (B . D e u t c h e , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) i n e a rl y -s e a so n . M i d - s e a s o nl eve ls r an ge f r om 0 . 53% (12) t o 3 .17% ( 3 ). L a t e - s e as o n va l ues a r e l ow er,

an d va r y f r om 0 . 35% (12) t o 1 . 80% ( 5 ). A l t h ou gh s u f f i c i en t l eve l s t en d t od e c r e a s e w i t h s t ag e o f g r o w t h , t h e v a r i a b i l it y o f t h e r a n g e s is s u r p r i s i n g l yl a rg e . S o m e o f t h is v a r i a b i l it y m a y b e d u e t o d i f f e r e n c e s i n p h y s i o l o g ic a la g e o f t h e p l a n t a t t h e t i m e o f s a m p l i n g w i t h in e a c h a g e g r o u p .T o t a l N l ev e ls in l e a f t is s ue s a l so t e n d t o d e c r e a s e o v e r t h e g r o w i n gs eas on , a l t hou gh no t a s r ap i d l y a s n i t r a t e l evel s ( 27 , 28). D oc um en t e d leve ls

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1993) W A L W O RT HAND MUNIZ: TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS 58 3o f t o t a l N i n p e t io l e s a r e f r o m 3 . 5 0 t o 7 .0 0 e a r l y 1 .4 2 t o 6 .0 0 i n m i d - s e a s o n ,a n d 2 . 2 5 t o 5 .0 0 d u r i n g l a t e - s e a so n (2 7 , 28 , B . D e u t c h e , p e r s o n a l c o m m u -n i c a t i o n ) . L e a f b l a d e s h a v e h i g h e r N l ev e l s t h a n p e t io l e s . S u f f i c i e n t l e v el so f t o t a l l e a f b l a d e N i n e a rl y -, m i d - , a n d l a t e - s e a s o n a r e r e p o r t e d a s 6 .0 ,5 .0 , 4 .0 % , r e s p e c t iv e l y ( 28 ). M a c K a y ( 2 9) s u g g es ts th e m i d - s e a s o n o p t i -m u m is 6.1 t o 6 . 4 % .

B o t h H a w k i n s (13) a n d J a c k s o n a n d H a d d o c k (1 6) i n d ic a te t h a t t u b e rN l ev e ls a ls o d e c li n e w i t h a d v a n c i n g m a t u r i t y , a l t h o u g h t h e i r r e p o r t e d v a l u e s

TABLE 1 . - -Ni t rogen conten t o f po ta to t i ssuesStage Def . Low Surf . Hig h To xic So. Cu l t .XBlades (% Total N)ear ly (12 plants ) 4 .00 6.00 28 Va riousmid (10% bloom) 6 .05-6 .38 29 Var ious3.00 5.00 28 V ariou sla te 2.00 4.00 28 Vario usBlades (% Nit ra te-N)ea r ly (45 DAP ) >0 .010-0 .11 12 Var iousmid (60 DA P) >0 .07 -0 .08 12 Var iousMidr ib (% Ni t ra te -N)ea r ly (45 DA P) >0 .07-0 .11 12 Var iousmid (60 DA P) >0 .039 12 Var iousla te (75 DA P) >0 .020 12 Var iousPet ioles (% Total N)early (12 plants) 2.50 3.50 28 V ariou s(pre-bloo m) < 4.0 4.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 7.1-9.0 d Va riousmid < 2. 5 2.5-3.5 3.51-4.5 4.51-6.5 > 6. 5 e Va rious(50-60 DA P) 1.60 36 R. Bu r .

(50-60 DA P) 1.70 36 Shep ody(blooming ) < 3 .0 3.1-4.0 4.1-6.0 6.1-9.0 d Va rious(100 DA P) 1.42 27 Va rious2.25 2.75 28 Va riou sla te (pas t -bloom) < 2. 0 2.1-3.0 3.1-5.0 5.1-7.0 d Va rious1.50 2.25 28 Va riousPet ioles (% Nit ra te-N)ea r ly (45 DA P) >0 .94 12 Var ious1.60-2.00 5 Va rious2 .20 41 Var ious

(e. tub er set) 1.80-2.20 19 R . Bu r.(e. tub er set) 1.50 26 R . Bu r.(6-81vs . , 2 .20 10 R. Bur .stolon form.)(38 DA P) 2.38 3 Sebago(28-56 DA E ~) 1 .20 45 Va rious(25 DA E) 0.84-1.27 > 1.28 38 Va riou s(42 DA E) 1 .00 9 Va rious

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58 4 AMERICAN POTATO OURNALT BLE 1.--(continued)

Vol. 70

Stage Def . Low Surf. Hig h To xic So. Cul t . 1Pet ioles (% Nit ra te-N)early (pre -blo om ) < 1.00 1.00-1.50 1.50-2.50 2.50-3.00 d V ariou s(e. season) 0.80 1.20 28 V ariou sm id (60 DA P) >0 .53 12 Var ious1.50 26 R . Bu r.2 .00 41 Var ious(2cm tuber) 2 .42 17 R. Bur .( 8 9 1" 1 .90 10 R. Bur .tubers)(e. blo om ) < 1.25 1.25-1.65 > 1.65 21 V ariou s1.20-1.50 19 R . Bu r.(66 DA P) 3.17 3 R. Bur .(54 DA P) 2.72 3 Sebago(42-70 DA E) 0 .90 45 Var ious(50 DA E) 0.50-1.00 > 1.00 38 Va riou s(50-60 DAP,e. tub er set) > 1.05-1.08 5 Va riou s0.60 0.90 28 Va rious0.50-2.70 f Va riou s(bloom) 0 .35 12 Var ious(63 DAE ) >0 .65 40 R. Bur .1.00 26 R. Bur .< 1.20 1.20-1.80 > 1.80 41 V ariou s(pas t -bloom ) < 0.6 0 0.60-0.80 0.80-1.00 1.00-1.50 d Va rious(1 89t ube rs ) 1 .40 10 R. Bur .0.60-0.80 20 R . Bu r.

late

( 3A" tu be r +30 days) > 1.60 5 Vario us0.30 0.50 28 Vario us(1/2 grown-m a t u r e ) 0 . 50 45 V a r i ous(75 DA E) 0 .18-0 .74 >0 .74 38 Var ious

a r e q u i t e d i ff e re n t . H a w k i n s ( 13 ) r e p o r t s t u b e r N d e c r e a s i n g f r o m 5 . 4 7 %e a r l y in t h e s e a s o n to 1 . 7 8 % a t h a r v e s t ; J a c k s o n a n d H a d d o c k ' s (1 6) c o r -r e s p o n d i n g f i g u r e s r a n g e f r o m 1 .7 5 t o 1 .3 8 % .Phosphorus Phosphorus P ) l ev e ls a l so d e c l in e t h r o u g h t h e g r o w i n g s e a-s o n (2 8 ). F o r e x a m p l e , l e a f b l a d e s u f f i c ie n c y le v el s d e c l in e f r o m 0 . 6 0 % t o t a lP e a r l y i n t h e s ea s o n , t o 0 . 4 0 % i n m i d - s e a s o n , a n d 0 . 2 0 % i n l a te s e a so n( 2 8 ) ( T a b l e 2 ) .

I n p e t i o le t i ss u e , s o l u b l e P ( P O 4 - P ) is o f t e n m e a s u r e d . E a r l y - s e a s o nv a l u e s r a n g e f r o m 0 .1 6 t o 0 . 2 6 % ( 9) , m i d - s e a s o n f r o m 0 .1 4 t o 0 .1 6 % ( 5) ,a n d l a t e - s e a s o n le v el s s h o u l d b e g r e a t e r t h a n 0 . 1 0 % ( 45 ) . T o t a l p e t io l e P

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1993) W ALW OR THAND MUN IZ: TISSUE NUT RIENT CONCENTRATIONST A B L E 2 . - - c o n ti n u e d )

5 8 7

Stage Def . Low Surf. H igh To xic So. Cu lt . lW hole leaves (% P)mid (bloom) 0.437 1 R. Bur .(e. bloom ) 1.2 5 21 Variou s(10% bloom ) 0.50 33 Variouslate (tubers 89grown) 0.20-0.24 0.25-0.40 > 0.40 19 Va riousW hole plants (% P)ear ly (50 DA P) 0.55 13 G. M tn.(67 DA P) 0.24 16 R. Bur .mid (70 DA P) 0.30 13 G. M tn.(74 DA P) 0.21 16 R. Bur .(91 DA P) 0.21 13 G . M tn.(95 DA P) 0.14 16 R. Bur .harvest (112 DA P) 0.14 13 G . M tn.0.17-0.22 6 V arious(152 DA P) 0.10 16 R. Bur .aR. Bur. - Russet Burbank; G. M tn. - G reen M oun tain.bDAP - days after planting.CDAE - days afte r emergence.aBob Deutche, Agvise, Northwood, ND, Personal Communication.eKeith Kelling, Univ. of W isconsin-M adison, Madison, W I, Personal Com m unic ation .~]ohn Taberna, W estern Laboratory, Parma, ID, Personal Co m mu nicat ion.

J a c k s o n a n d H a d d o c k (1 6) , o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , f o u n d m u c h l o w e r le ve lsi n e a rl y - s e a s o n o f 0 . 2 2 % a n d 0 .1 4 % a t h a r v e s t.

P o t a s s i u m - - P e t i o l e s g e n e r a l l y c o n t a i n m u c h m o r e K t h a n d o l e a f t i s -s u e s ( T a b l e 3 ); t h e r e f o r e , i t is c r i ti c a l to d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n t h e s e t w o t is -s ue s. L o r e n z a n d T y l e r ( 2 8) f o u n d t h a t t o t a l K r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p o t a t o l e a fb l a d e s d e c r e a s e d f r o m 5 . 0 % i n e a rl y se a so n , t o 3 . 5 % a t m i d - se a s o n , t o 2 . 5 %l a t e in th e g r o w i n g s e a s o n . B y c o n t r a s t , s e v e r a l s tu d i e s i n d i c a t e t h a t p e t i -o l e K l ev e ls s h o u l d b e 9 .0 -1 1 .0 % e a r l y i n t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n , a b o u t 9 . 0 %i n m i d - s e a s o n , a n d f r o m 6 . 0 t o 1 1 .3 % l a t e i n t h e s e a s o n ( 9, 1 7, 2 8 , 4 5) . T h eK s u f f i c i e n c y r a n g e o f e n t i r e l e a v e s ( le a f b l a d e s w i t h p e t i o l es ) is c lo s e to t h a to f l e a f b l ad e s , w h i c h is n o t s u r p r i s i n g w h e n c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t t h e l e a f b l a d ec o m p r i s e s t h e b u lk o f t h e l e a f t is su e . S h a r m a a n d A r o r a ( 42 ) r e p o r t e d a ne a r l y - s e a s o n r a n g e f o r t h e e n t i r e l e a f a s 5 . 0 4 to 5 . 1 5 % (21, 4 2 ). M i d - s e a s o nl ev e ls r a n g e f r o m 3 .5 1 to 5 . 0 0 % a n d t h e l a t e -s e a s o n r a n g e is 3 . 6 8 t o 3 . 8 9 % .I n c o n t r a s t , J o n e s et al. (1 9) g i v e a s u f f ic i e n c y r a n g e o f 6 . 0 0 t o 8 . 0 0 % w h e nt u b e r s w e r e h a l f - g r o w n ( m i d t o l a t e s e a s o n ) .

T u b e r K l ev e ls a l so t e n d t o d e c r e a s e w i t h a d v a n c i n g a g e (1 3, 1 6). E a r l y -s e a s o n v a l u e s r a n g e f r o m 2 . 14 t o 3 . 4 9 % , m i d - s e a s o n 2 .1 4 t o 2 . 4 3 % , l a te -

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5 8 8 A M E R IC A N P O TA T O J O U R N A L ( V o l . 7 0s e a s o n 1.71 t o 2 . 0 0 % , a n d a t h a r v e s t t u b e r K r a n g e s f r o m 1.41 t o 2 . 1 3 %6 , 1 3 , 1 6 ) .

C a l c i u m T h e r e is a t e n d e n c y f o r C a l ev e ls t o in c r e a s e w i t h a g e b o t hi n p e t io l e s (1 5) a n d i n t h e w h o l e a b o v e - g r o u n d p o r t i o n s o f th e p l a n t s ( 13 ),w h e r e a s t u b e r l e v e l s g e n e r a l l y d e c r e a s e ( 1 3 ) ( T a b l e 4 ) .

M i d - s e a s o n t o t a l C a p e t io l e l ev e ls r a n g e f r o m 0 .4 0 t o 2 . 5 0 ( J.T a b e r n a ; K . K e U i n g, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . C a l c i u m le ve ls i n th e t u b e r sa r e m u c h l o w e r t h a n i n a e ri a l p o r t io n s o f t h e p o t a t o p l a n t . H a w k i n s (13)r e p o r t e d e a r l y - se a s o n t u b e r l ev e ls o f 1207 p p m ; t h e s e d r o p p e d t o 4 2 6 p p ma t h a r v e s t .Magnesium H a w k i n s ( 1 3 ) f o u n d t h a t to t a l M g c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n w h o l ep l a n t s c h a n g e d l i t t l e t h r o u g h o u t t h e g r o w i n g s e a s o n ( T a b l e 5 ) . N o r m a l M gTABLE 3 . P o ta ss iu m c o n te n t o f p o ta to t is su e s.S t a g e D e f . L o w S u r f. H i g h T o x i c S o . C u l t . lB l a d e se a r l ym i dl a t e

( K)

( 1 0 % b l o o m )3 . 5 0 5 . 0 0 2 8 V a r i o u s2 . 50 3 . 5 0 2 8 V a r i o u s3 . 6 2 - 3 .7 2 2 8 V a r i o u s1 .50 2 .5 0 2 8 V a r i o u s

P e t i o l e s ( % Ke a r l y ( 3 0- 4 5 D A P 2)

m i d

( 3 0 D A P )(42 D A E s )( 28 - 56 D A E )( p r e - b l o o m )( 1 0 % b l o o m )( 4 5 D A P )( 50 -6 0 D A Pt u b e r s e t )( b l o o m )

8 . 0 0 - 9 . 5 0 > 4 . 5 0 - 5 . 0 0> 8 . 1 5 - 8 . 4 9< 7 . 0 1 7 . 0 1 - 9 .0 0 9 . 0 1 - 1 1 . 0 09 .00 11 .00< 9 . 0 0 9 . 0 0 - 1 1 . 0 0 > 1 1 .0 0< 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 -3 . 5 0 3 . 6 0 -5 . 5 0

7 .00< 2 . 5 0 2 . 6 0 - 5 . 0 0< 2 . 2 5 2 . 2 5 - 3 . 5 07 .0 0 -9 .0 0

1 .6 0 -2 .5 0

4 . 0 0 - 6 . 0 0

( 42 -7 0 D A E ) < 7 . 0 0( 1 0 0 D A P )l a t e ( 2 c m t u b e r )( p a s t - b l o o m ) < 1 . 50( N " t u b e r+ 3 0 d a y s ) 4 .0 0la t e ( 8 9 g ro w ntu b e r s - < 4 .0 0m a t u r e )

> 7 .7 0 -8 .4 7> 7 .0 0 -8 .0 09 .0 05 . 1 0 - 7 . 0 07 .0 0 -1 5 .0 03 . 5 1 - 5 . 0 0> 9 . 0 011.4011 .302 . 6 0 - 4 . 5 0

> 9 . 0 0 - 1 0 . 0 06 .0 0> 6 . 0 0

> 1 1 . 0 1

5 . 6 0 - 7 . 5 03 .9 0

7 . 1 0 - 9 . 0 05 . 0 1 - 6 . 5 0 > 6 . 5 0

4 . 6 0 - 6 . 5 0

5 V a r i o u s5 V a r i o u s4 2 K u f r i C .9 V a r i o u s2 8 V a r i o u s4 5 V a r i o u sd V a r i o u s3 0 V a r i o u s4 2 K u f r i C .

5 V a r i o u s2 8 V a r i o u sd V a r i o u sf V a r i o u se V a r i o u s4 5 V a r i o u s2 7 V a r i o u s1 7 R . B u r .d V a r i o u s5 V a r i o u s2 8 V a r i o u s

4 5 V a r i o u s

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1993) WALWORTHAND MUNIZ: TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS 589l e v e l s i n t h e p e t i o l e t i s s u e r a n g e f r o m 0 . 1 7 - 1 . 1 0 e a r l y i n t h e s e a s o n ( 1 5 , B .D e u t c h e , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) , 0 .2 6 t o 1 .2 5 m i d - s e a s o n ( K . K e ll -i n g , p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) t o 0 .1 1 t o 1 .0 0 i n l a t e s e a s o n ( 15 , B . D e u t c h e ,p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . I n l e a f b l a d e t is s u e s a m p l e d i n m i d - s e a s o n , 0 .3 6t o 0 . 6 8 a p p e a r s t o b e a d e q u a t e ( 29 ). A c c e p t a b l e l ev e ls f o r w h o l e l ea v e s( l e a f b l a d e p l u s p e t io l e ) s a m p l e d i n m i d - s e a s o n a r e 0 . 2 6 t o 1 .2 5 (2 1).S u l f u r - - K e l l i n g (2 1) s u g g e s t e d t h a t m i d - s e a s o n t o t a l S l e a f c o n c e n t r a -t i o n s s h o u l d b e b e t w e e n 0 .2 1 a n d 0 . 5 0 ( T a b le 6 ). D e f i c i e n c ie s w e r eTABLE 3. - c o n t i n u e d )Stage Def. Low Surf. High Toxic So. Cult.1Tubers (% K)early (60 DAP) 3.49 13 G. Mnt.(67 DAP) 2.14 16 R. Bur.mid (70 DAP) 2.43 13 G. Mnt.(74 DAP) 2.14 16 R. Bur.late (91 DAP) 2.00 13 G. Mnt .(95 DAP) 1.71 16 R. Bur.harvest (112 DAP) 1.83 13 G. Mnt.

1.88-2.13 6 Various(152 DAP) 1.41 16 R. Bur.Whole leaves (% K)early (30 DAP) >5.04-5.15 42 Kufri C.mid (e. bloom) 4.17-4.55 42 Kufri C.late (60 DAP) >3.68-3.89 42 Kufri C.(tubers 89 4.00-5.99 6.00-8.00

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590 AMERICANPOTATO OURNALT BLE 4.--Calcium content o f potato t issues.

(Vol. 70

Stage Def. Low Surf. High Source Cult. 1Leaf blades (% Ca)mid (10% bloom) 0.90-0.94 29 VariousWhole leaves (% Ca)mid (e. bloom) 2.50 21 Variouslate (tubers 89 1.00-1.49 1.50-2.50 >2.50 19 Variousgrown)Petioles (% Ca)early (42 DAP2)

(pre-bloom)mid (100 DAP)(bloom)

(2cm tuber)late (post-bloom)late (112 DAP)

0.38-0.52 15 Sebago

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1993) WALWORTHAND MUNIZ:TISSUE NUTRIENTCONCENTRATIONSTABLE 5.--Magnesium conten t o f po ta to t i ssues

591

Stage Def. Low Surf. High Source Cult.1Blades (% Mg)mid (10% bloom) 0.36-0.68 29 VariousPetioles (% Mgearly (42 DAP 2)(pre-bloom)mid (10% bloom)(bloom)

(100 DAP)late (2cm tuber)(post-bloom)(112 DAP)

0.17 15 Sebago

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59 2 AMERICAN POTATO OURNAL (Vol . 70p a r t is b a s e d t o s o m e d e g r e e o n p r a c t i c a li ty ( t u b e r s a m p l i n g i s m u c h m o r ed i ff i cu l t t h a n l e a f s a m p l i n g ) . H o w e v e r , t h e r e is l i m i t e d p u b l i s h e d d a t a t os u g ge s t w h i c h p l a n t p a r t s a r e t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e f o r n u t r i t i o n a l d i a g n o -s is . P e ti o le s a m p l i n g i s p r o b a b l y m o s t s e n s i t i v e w i t h r e s p e c t t o K , b e c a u s ec o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f t h is n u t r i e n t a r e f a r h i g h e r i n th e p e t i o le t h a n i n o t h e rt is su e s. S t u d i e s d i r e c t ly c o m p a r i n g v a r i o u s p l a n t o r g a n s w o u l d b e u s e f u l.S t a n d a r d i z a t i o n o f s a m p l i n g m e t h o d s a n d o n r e p o r t i n g p la n t g r o w t h s ta g e( p r e f e r a b l y b a s e d o n p h y s i o lo g i c a l r a t h e r t h a n c h r o n o l o g i c a l a g e ) a l so w o u l db e he lp f u l. S t a n d a r d i z e d m e t h o d o l o g y w o u l d a i d in t h e i n t e r p r e t a t io n o fr e s e a r c h d a t a a n d p r o m o t e t h e u s e o f t is s ue a n a l y s es f o r d i a g n o s i n g t h e n u t r i -t i o n a l s t a t u s o f p o t a t o c r o p s .

T A BL E 6 . - - S u l f u r content o f potato t issuesStage Def . Low Surf . Hig h Source Cu l t . lLeav es ( S)mid (ea r ly b loom) 0 .50 21 Var iousPetioles ( S)ear ly (pre-bloo m )

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1993) WALWORTHAND MUNIZ: TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONSTABLE 7.--Micr0nutrient c o n t en t o f p o t a t o t is s u e s

593

Stage Def. Low Surf. High Toxic So. Cult. lBoron (ppm)

Whole leavesmid (e. bloom) 55 21 Variouslate (tubers 89 25-39 40-70 > 70 19 Var iousgrown)Petiolesearly (we -bloom) < 9 10-14 15-39 40-100 d Variousmid (bloom) 55 e Var iouslate (post-bloom) 5 0 21 Variouslate (tubers 89 5-6 7-20 >2 0 19 Variousgrown)Petiolesearly (pre-bloom) 50 e Var iouslate (post-bloom) 100 19 Variousgrown)

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594 AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL (Vol. 70TABLE 7 - - c o n t in u e d )Stage Def. Low Surf. High Toxic So. Cult . 1Petiolesearly (pre-bloom) < 24mid (bloom) < 24

late (post-bloom) < 24

Iron (ppm)25-69 70-249 250-500 d Various25-69 70-250 251-500 d Various75-250 f Various500 e Various25-69 70-249 250-500 d Various

Whole leavesmid (e. bloom)( 90 tuber)late (tubers 89grown)

4 00 21 Various> 30-35 17 Various20-29 30-250 > 250 19 Various

Petiolesearly (pre-bloom) < 14mid (bloom) < 10(2cm tuber)400 e Var ious11-20 21-200 201-400 d Various

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1993) WALWORTHAND MUNIZ: TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONST BLE 7 - - c o n t i n u e d )

595

Stage Def. Low Surf. High Toxic So. Cult.Zinc (ppm)Main stemmid (2cm tubers) 62 2 1 R. Bur.

Mid stemmid (e. bloom) > 15-20 1 VariousPetiolesearly (pre-bloom) < 15 16-20 21-70 71-150 d Variousmid (bloom) < 15 16-20 21-70 71-150 d Various

23-55 f Various< 15 15-20 21-70 71-150 > 150 e Various( 90 tuber) > 22-25 17 Various(e. tub set) 10-20 5 Various( 89 tuber) > 10-15 5 Various(50-60 DAP) > 10-20 5 Var ious(2cm tuber) 25 16 R. Bur.(1.5-2cm > 20-25 17 Varioustubers)late (post-bloom) < 15 16-20 21-705 71-150 d VariousWhole leavesmid (2cm tubers) 17.3 1 R. Bur.(e. bloom) < 15 15-20 21-70 71-150 > 150 21 Various(late bloom) 16.2-21.0 11 Variouslate (tubers 1/2 20-29 >2 00 19 Variousgrown)aCultivar: R. Bur. - Russet Burbank.aBob Deutche, Agvise, Northwood, ND, Personal Communication.eKeith Kelling, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, Personal Communicat ion.~ohn Taberna, Western Laboratory, Parma, ID, Personal Communication.

Li teratu re Ci t ed1. Boawn, L.C. and G.E. Leggett. 1963. Zinc deficiency of the Russet Burbank potato.1963. Soil Sci 95:137-141.2. Carpenter, P.N. 1963. Minera l accumulation in potato plants as affected by fertilizerapplicat ion and potato variety. Maine Agric Expt Sta Bull 610. Univ of Maine.3. Doll, E.C., D.R. Christenson and A.R. Wolcott. 1971. Potato yields as related to nitratelevels in petioles and soils. Am Potato J 48:105-112.4. Dow, A.I. and S. Roberts. 1982. Proposal: Critical nutrient ranges for crop diagno-sis. Agron J 74:401-403.5. Dow, A.I. 1980. Critical nut rient ranges in northwest crops. Wash Res Ext Pub, WashState Univ Irr igated Agr Res Ext Ctr, Prosser, WA.6. Dunn, L.E. and C.O. Rost. 1949. Effect of fertilizers on the composition of potatoesgrown in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 13:374-379.

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596 AMERICAN POTATOJOURNAL Vol. 707. Eaves, C.A. andJ.S. Leefe. 1953. Nutrient levels and yields of Netted Gem potatoesas influenced by nutri tional treatment on various soil types. Proc Amer Soc HortSci 62:377-383.8. Evanylo, G.K and G.W. Zehnder. 1988. Potato growth and nut rient diagnosis asaffected by systemic pesticide and physiological growth stage. Commun in Soil Sci

Plant Anal 19:1731-1745.9. Fullmer, ES. 1957. Leaf and soil analysis survey in two California potato growingareas. Proc Amer Soc Hort Sci 70:385-390.

10. Gardner, B.R. and J.E Jones. 1975. Petiole analysis and the nitrogen fertilization ofRusset Burbank potatoes. Am Potato J 52:195-200.11. Grunes, D.L., L.C. Boawn, C.W. Carlson and EG. Viets, Jr. 1961. Zinc deficiencyof corn and potatoes as related to soil and plant analysis. Agron J 53:68-71.12. Gupta, A. and M.C. Saxena. 1976. Evaluat ion of leaf analysis as a guide to nitrogenand phosphorus fertilization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant and Soil44:597-605.13. Hawkins, A. 1946. Rate of absorption and translocation of mineral nutrients by pota-toes in Aroostook County, Maine, and their relat ion to fertilizer practices. J AmerSoc Agron 38:667-681.14. Hill , H., A.B. Durkee, H.B. Heeney and G.M. Ward. 1954. Phosphorus content ofpotato plants in relation to yield and to phosphorus concentrations in nutr ien t solu-tions. Can J Agric Sci 34:644-650.15. Hossner, L.R. and E.C. Doll. 1970. Magnesium fertilization of potatoes as relatedto liming and potassium. Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 34:772-774.16. Jackson, R.D. andJ.L. Haddock. 1959. Growth and nutr ient uptake of Russet Bur-bank potatoes. Am Potato J 36:22-28.17. Jackson, T.L. and G.E. Carter. 1976. Nutrient uptake by Russet Burbank potatoesas influenced by fertilization. Agron J 68:9-12.18. Jones, J.B.,Jr. 1967. Interpretat ion of plant analysis for several agronomic crops. In .Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, Part 2. Soil Sci Soc Am Special Pub. Series No.2., Soil Sci Soc Am, Madison, WI.19. Jones, J.B., Jr., B. Wolf and H.A. Mills. 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro-MacroPub., Inc., Athens, GA.20. Jones, J.P. and C.G. Painter. 1975. Tissue analysis. A guide to nit rogen fertilizationof Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes. Univ Idaho, Coop Ext Serv Pub No. 240.21. Kelling, K.A. 1981. Potato fertility requirements and recommendations: micro-nutrients. Proc Wisconsin Ann Pot Mtgs.22. Kelling, K.A. 1988. Fine-tuningpotato nitrogen management. Proc Wisconsin AnnPot Mtgs.23. Kelling, K.A. 1989. The use of petiole nitrate for determining potato N needs. ProcWisconsin An n Pot Mtgs.24. Kenworthy, A.L. 1967. Plan t analysis and interpretat ion of analysis for horticulturecrops. In: Soil Testing and Plant Analysis. M. Stelly Ed.). Soil Sci Soc Amer Spec

Pub 2, Madison, WI.Kenworthy, A.L. 1973. Leaf analysis as an aid in ferti lizing orchards. In. Soil Test-ing and Plant Analysis. Walsh, L.M. and J.D. Beaton Eds.). Soil Sci Soc AmerMadison, WI.26. Kleinkopf, G.E., G.D. Kleinschmidt and D.T. Westermann. 1987. Tissue Analysis.A guide to nitrogen fertilization for Russet Burbank potatoes. Uni v of Idaho CoopExt Serv Publ. Current Information Series No. 743.

25.

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1993) WALWORTHAND MUNIZ: TISSUE NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS 59727. Kunkel, R. and R.E. Thor ton. 1986. Understanding he potato. Sci. Paper No. 7267,College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Wash State Univ. Pullman, WA.28. Lorenz, O.A. and K.B. Tyler. 1983. Plant tissue analysis of vegetable crops. In: Soiland Plant Tissue Testing in California. Univ Cal if Bull No 1879.29. MacKay, D.C.,J.M. Carefoot and T. Entz. 1987. Evaluation of the DRIS procedurefor assessing the nutritional status of potato Solanum tuberosum L.). Commun in SoilSci Plant Anal 18:1331-1353.30. MacKay, D.C., C.R. MacEachern and R.E Bishop. 1966. Optimum nutr ient levelsin potato leaves Solanum tuberosum L.). Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 30:73-76.31. Mahler, R.L., R.E. McDole and G.E. Leggett. 1981. Zinc in Idaho. Univ Idaho CoopExt Serv Publ No. 617.32. Marsh, K.B. and L.A. Peterson. 1990. Gradients in Mn accumulat ion and changesin plant form for potato plants affected by Mn toxicity. Plant and Soil 121:157-163.33. Maynard, D.N. 1979. Nutr itional disorders of vegetable crops: a review. J Plant Nutr1:1-23.34. Melsted, S.W., H.L. Motto and T.R. Peck. 1969. Critical plant nutrient composi-tion values useful in interpreting plant analysis data. Agron J 61:17-20.35. Munson, R.D. and W.L. Nelson. 1990. Principles and practices in plant analysis. In:Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, Westerman, R.L. Ed.) Soil Sci Soc Amer BookSer No. 3. Soil Sci Soc Amer Madison, WI.36. Porter, G.A. and J.A. Sisson. 1991. Petiole nit rate content of Maine-grown RussetBurbank and Shepody potatoes in response to varying nitrogen rate. Am PotatoJ 68:493-505.37. Rhue, R.D., D.R. Hensel and G. Kidder. 1986. Effect of K fertilization on yield andleaf nutrient concentration of potatoes grown on a sandy soil. Am Potato J63:665-681.38. Roberts, S. and H.H. Cheng. 1978. Estimation of critical nut rient range of petiolenitrate for sprinkler-irrigated potatoes. Am Potato J 65:119-124.39. Roberts, S. and A.I. Dow. 1982. Critical nutr ient ranges for petiole phosphorus levelsof sprinkler irrigated Russet Burbank potatoes. Agron J 74:583-585.40. Saffigna, EG. and D.R. Keeney. 1977. Nitrogen and chloride uptake by irrigated Rus-set Burbank potatoes. Agron J 69:258-264.41. Schaupmeyer, C. 1992. Potato production guide for commercial producers, pp.80.Alberta Agriculture, Brooks, Alberta, Canada.42. Sharma, U.C. and B.R. Arora. 1989. Critical nutr ient ranges for potassium in potatoleaves and petioles. J Hort Sci 64:47-51.43. Sumner, M.E. and M.P.W. Farina. 1986. Phosphorus interactions with other nutrientsand lime in field cropping systems. In: Advances in Soil Science Vol. 5, B.A. StewartEd.), Springer-Verlag, Inc. New York, NY.44. Tindall , T.A., D.T. Westermann,J.C. Stark, J.C. Ojala and G.E. Kleinkopf. 1991. Phos-phorus nutr it ion in potatoes. Uni v Idaho Coop Ext Serv Publ No. 903.45. Tyler, K.B., ES. Fullmer and O.A. Lorenz. 1960. Plant and soil analysis for potatoesin California. 7th Intern. Congress of Soil Science, Madison, WI.46. Ulrich, A. 1952. Physiological basis for assessing the nutr itional requirements of plants.Ann Rev Plant Physiol 3:207-228.47. Ulrich, A. and K.H. Fong. 1970. Phosphorus nutrition of White Rose potato in relationto growth and minerals of leaf and root tissues. Soil Sci Plant Anal 1:141-154.48. Ulrich A. and F.J. Hills. 1967. Principles and practices of plant analysis. In: Soil Testingand Plant Analysis, Part II. M. Stelly, Ed.). Soil Sci Soc Am, Madison, WI.