Martin Maksimov&

Vladimir Peshev

Arthropod literary means “jointed feet”

That is where their name comes from

It is a unique characteristic

Every 2 out of three – arthropod

10 to the 18th species

Have bilateral symmetry This is so because of their segmented

and elongated bodies

In 1950s was argued of who their ancestor is

It was said they are different groups Segmented bodies tell of another

thing though In 1990s it was discovered that

arthropods are monophyletic

1996 NOWADAYS

Hard exoskeleton Jointed segments Pair of appendages at each one Antennae Open circulatory system Lack balance – rely on their eyes

Most rely on sexual reproduction Only few are hermaphroditic Depends on habitat: In water – external fertilization On ground – modified appendages

Almost all have hard chitin cover It protects them from harm Most have other “weapons”:o Venomo Pincers o Pedipalps

Using muscles Exoskeleton provides points for

attachment The skeleton is replaced after time The process is called molting

Have a shiny, globular abdomen Black and sometimes brown Males about half the female's size Inhabit warmer regions

• 45˚ N to 45˚ S in latitude The most venomous spider in North America

• Deaths from bite are very rare (1%) Spin webs that lack shape and form

• Their silk is stronger than almost all other arachnids• The spider usually stays hidden in its web

Preys on insects

Their body is protected by a hard, dark brown carapace

Have two large compound eyes and multiple smaller simple ones

Have five pairs of legs for walking, swimming and moving food

Can swim upside down Usually are found on the ocean floor

• search for worms and molluscs (their main food) Their blood is blue

• Due to hemoacyanine that is used to carry oxygen Amebocyte in their blood fights pathogens

Have antennae, shorter than the body

Have ovipositors Females are usually larger

than males Big hind legs for jumping 2 pairs of wings:

• Forewings – narrow and relatively hard

• Hind wings – large Grasshoppers are

herbivores Many of the species are

green• They are hard to find in

green grass

Some arthropods spread numerous deadly diseases Others feed on the crops that humans grow

• Swarms can be highly destructive Lobsters, crabs, shrimp and others are important

foods Bees produce honey Spiders help us by eating a huge number of insect

pests Horseshoe crabs yield important chemicals for

making useful drugs Grasshoppers are eaten in many places around the

world, as a source of protein

Female Black Widow spiders often eat males after mating

Cute and Cuddly Dads: Black Widow Dads• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animal-

planet/6615-cute-and-cuddly-dads-black-widow-dads-video.htm

"Black Widow Spiders". Desert USA. 27.03.2010 <http://www.desertusa.com/july97/du_bwindow.html>.

"Grasshopper Information". Center for Insect Science Education Outreach . 27.03.2010 <http://insected.arizona.edu/ghopperinfo.htm>.

http://tolweb.org/Public/treeImages/Arthropoda.png?x=1543595564 Campbell, Neil. "Arthropods". Biology Eight Edition. San Francisco:

Benjamin Cummings, 2008. "Introduction to Arthropoda". UCMP. 27.03.2010

<http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/arthropoda.html>. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropod - picture http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/bilateral.jpg - picture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limulidae - picture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshopper - picture http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5805-human-interaction-with-

arthropods-video.htm - video