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Nanosensors in the Age of Terror:Business Trends and
Opportunities
Raj Bawa, PhDBawa Biotechnology Consulting LLC, Arlington VA
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY
Andrea D'Ambrosia, MBADynamic Biomarketing, Arlington VA
September 9, 2003
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X rays are a hoax.
-- New York Times headline, 1911
I think that there is a world market for
about five computers.
-- Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM, 1943
640K [of memory] ought to be enough for anybody.
-- Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft, 1981
The cloning of mammalsis biologically impossible.
-- Science, 1984Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa
What the Experts Predicted
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What is a Biosensor?
Source: Biosystems Engineering (2003) 84 (1), 112
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Sensing
Elements
Transducers
Enzyme Electrochemical
detection
Antibody Optical detector (fluorescence)
Aptamer Ion selective electrode
Receptor NADH fluorescence
or absorbanceIon channel Chemiluminescence
Oligo-nucleotide Surface plasmon
resonance
Structuralprotein
Piezoelectric (acousticsignal)
Peptide Cantilever deflection
Living cells Resonant light scatter
Biosensors
Canary in Coal Mine
Courtesy of Steven Edwards, BCC, Inc.
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Sensor Market $1.9 billion to $2.7 billion in 2006
primarily gas and biosensors* Driven by large diagnostic market
$1.5 billion in 2003 dominated byglucose monitors for diabetics
Growing use of chemical sensors in
large scale environmental andindustrial applications $14 million in 2003
*Source: Chemical Sensors, April 2002, Freedonia Group
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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Biosensor Market
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
(Millions)
2001 2006
Nanobiotechnology
Food Monitoring
AgricultureMedical Analysis
High Throughput Screening
Data: US Market for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Sept 2002, BCC, Inc.
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
Millions
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
US MEMS
Medical Sensors
Worldwide
Biosensors
More Market Data
Data: MedMarket Diligence, Report # T601, January 2003
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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Current Sensor Applications Medical Diagnostics
Glucose sensors Pressure sensors
Accelerometers
Instant cholesterol and cardiac risk tests
Blood alcohol breath analyzers
Faster, more accurate cancer diagnostics Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent
DetectorsCopyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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Current Sensor Applications Environmental Sensors
Auto oxygen sensorsAuto cabin air quality monitors
Fuel cell vehicle safety monitors
CO sensors for home smoke detectors
Auto emissions testing analyzers
Portable water pollution water monitors Food Pathogen Testing
Quick tests for food pathogens (e.g., E. coli)
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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Market Drivers for Sensors Need for improved detection of
Chemicals, biologics, radioactive materials,explosives (CBRE)
Food borne pathogens
Environmental conditions
Disease diagnosis
Need for increased terror security
Desire for reduced cost, betterperformance Financial commitment of US government
BioShield, NNI, etc.Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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The Promise of Nanotechnology Extreme specificity
Ultra-high sensitivity (nM-pM; fM possible;
single molecule detection) Size Miniaturization offers lower costs,
reduced weight, potential for high integration,less power consumption, integration of allsteps (arrays, lab-on-a-chip, etc.)
Greater speed real-time analyticalinformation (even in vivo)
Accuracy Option for multi-analyte analysis
Side Note: Nanoscaleper se is no advantage.
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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The Promise of Nanotechnology
Less sample preparation/pre-treatment, lesssample volume (
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National security is currently driving demand
(national priority) Increase in the perceived need for detection
Expanded market demand
Some concern that shift in funding will effect
the development of non-biowarfare
applications Has changed some of the requirements for
detection
Impact of War on Terror
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Battlefield vs. homeland detection Different requirements
Standardization, different guidelines
Durability, portability, size, etc.
Simultaneous detection of wide variety
of agents (universality) Detection and transmission of
information for troops in the field
Increased detection for homelandsecurity Air, water, public buildings, ports, transportation
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
War on Terror: Change in Requirements
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Obstacles to Commercialization Time to market for medical diagnostics
Physical concerns (Moores Law) Economic concerns (fabrication Costs)
Regulatory hurdles (FDA, EPA, FTC, CPSC) Societal implications of nanotechnology
Ethical/moral
Public trust Environmental/health concerns
Legal challenges: control; monitoring; ownership
International viewpoints/laws
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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Intellectual property challengesObstacles to Commercialization
Source: NSF Source: InteCap, Inc.
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa
Side Note: There is a special status granted to patent applications relating to bioweapons.
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Reliability
Upgradeability (problematic for implants)
Thermal management
Component biocompatibility
Communication/data link (wireless ideal)
Robustness (e.g., towards concentration
changes) High cost
Large volume manufacturing
The Challenge for Nanosensors
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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1990Biocore
Surface
Plasmon
Resonance
2003
CdSe quantum dots
(Evident Tech.,
Quantum Dot Corp)
Microtransponders
(Pharmaseq)
Acoustic nanofluidics
(Picoliter, Inc.)
Cantilever assays
(Concentris, Protiveris,
Veeco, IBM )
2004PbSe
quantum dots
(Evident
Technologies)
Electrochemic
al detection
(GeneFluidics)
SNP Tests
(GeneOhm)
2005
Acoustic
Bioassays
(Akubio)
Silicon
quantum dots
Dye-doped
nanoparticles
2002Wave-guide
(Zeptosens AG)
Resonant light
scattering
(Genicon/Invitogen)
2006
Single
Molecule
array
(Solexa)
Commercialization Timeline
Courtesy of Steven Edwards, BCC, Inc. (modified)
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5-10 year Biosensor Technologies
Transduction/actuation mechanisms for
greater sensitivity/selectivity Biotic/abiotic interfaces to marry
semiconductors with in-vivo biology
Environmental energy sources tominimize battery requirements
Incorporate separation and detection
technologies at micron scales with lab-on-a-chip
Source: AVS Science and Technology Society, 2002
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10-20 Year Biosensor Technologies
Application of nanoscience to integration of
complex components system (sensor suites) for providing sufficient
insights into complex systems (cell
physiology) enabling innovativenanotechnologies
Multifunctional surfaces - Develop surfaces
that contain sensing and reactive moieties forprotection, self-decontamination, and self-
sterilization
Source: AVS Science and Technology Society, 2002
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Nanosensor Technology - Examples
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Kenneth Hsu/UC Berkeley
and Protein Data Bank
Cantilever-based Sensing: MEMS Sensors
Battiston
etal.
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Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa
A single-walled carbon nanotube.
Source: NASA Ames
Source: Dupont
what we can do depends upon what we can build.
-- Marvin Minsky, MIT, 1986
Annual Growth of US Nanomaterial Market(2002-20): 33%Source: Freedonia Group
2002 Revenues for the N. American gas sensormarket: ~$754.3 millionSource: Sensor Business Digest
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There are clearly significant market opportunities in
biosensors
Greater opportunities projected for medical diagnostics;
however, there will be significant challenges due to
reliability and time to market.
Strategy may be to pursue industrial or environmentalapplications concurrent with medical applications.
These opportunities have only been enhanced by
the demands of counter-terrorism Technological issues for broader market will likely be
addressed by needs of counter-terrorism.
Conclusions
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Many technical, business, IP, societal
and regulatory challenges exist
However, significant strides have been
made
Usefulness and affordability must bejudged in the context of needs of certain
applications and end-users.
We are beginning to see technologiescome to market along the continuum to
nanotechnology
Conclusions
Copyright 2003 Raj Bawa and Andrea D'Ambrosia
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Raj Bawa, PhD, Patent AgentRaj Bawa, PhD, Patent AgentPresident, Bawa Biotechnology ConsultingPresident, Bawa Biotechnology Consulting
1801 Crystal Drive, Suite 9071801 Crystal Drive, Suite 907
Arlington, Virginia 22202, USAArlington, Virginia 22202, USAOffice Phone: 703Office Phone: 703--271271--12401240
Cellular Phone: 703Cellular Phone: 703--582582--17451745
Fax: 703Fax: 703--271271--85888588
EE--Mail:Mail: [email protected]@aol.com
Andrea DAmbrosia, MBAAndrea DAmbrosia, MBAPresident, Dynamic BiomarketingPresident, Dynamic Biomarketing
3000 S. Randolf Street3000 S. Randolf Street
Arlington, Virginia 22206, USAArlington, Virginia 22206, USACellular Phone: 505Cellular Phone: 505--249249--01040104
EE--mail:mail: [email protected]@dynamicbiomarketing.com
Web: dynamicbiomarketing.comWeb: dynamicbiomarketing.com
Contact Information