ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing

IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states,

IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people.

IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are:

• The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; • Open conferences; • Working conferences.

The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high.

As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed.

The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. TTieir purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion.

Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

IFIP 19th World Computer Congress, TC 12: IFIPAI2006 Stream, August 21-24, 2006, Santiago, Chile

Edited by

Max Bramer University of Portsmouth, UK

Springer

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006927831

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice

Edited by M. Bramer

p. cm. (IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, a Springer Series in Computer Science)

ISSN: 1571-5736/ 1861-2288 (Internet) ISBN: 10: 0-387-34654-6 ISBN: 13: 9780-387-34654-0 elSBN: 10: 0-387-34747-X

Printed on acid-free paper

Copyright © 2006 by International Federation for Information Processing. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

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Contents

Foreword xi

Acknowledgements xiii

Paper Sessions

Knowledge and Information Management

Can Common Sense uncover cultural differences in computer 1 applications?

Junia Anacleto, Henry Lieherman, Marie Tsutsumi, Vania Neris, Aparecido Carvalho et al.

Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management 11 Hugo Cesar Hoeschl and Vania Bar cellos

Agents 1

The lONWI algorithm: Learning when and when not to 21 interrupt

Silvia Schiaffino andAnalia Amandi

Formal Analysis of the Communication of Probabilistic 31 Knowledge

Joao Carlos Gluz, Rosa Maria Vicari, Cecilia Flores and Louise Seixas

Detecting and Repairing Anomalous Evolutions in Noisy 41 Environments: Logic Programming Formalization and Complexity Results

Fabrizio Angiulli, Gianluigi Greco and Luigi Palopoli

Adding Semantic Web Services Matching and Discovery 51 Support to the MoviLog Platform

Cristian Mateos, Marco Crasso, Alejandro Zunino and Marcelo Campo

Learning Browsing Patterns for Context-Aware 61 Recommendation

Daniela Godoy and Analia Amandi

Applying Collaborative Filtering to Reputation Domain: a 71 model for more precise reputation estimates in case of changing behavior by rated participants

Alexandre Lopes, Ana Cristina Bicharra Garcia

Integration of AI with other Technologies

Combine Vector Quantization and Support Vector Machine 81 for Imbalanced Datasets

Ting Yu, John Debenham, Tony Jan and Simeon Simoff

Ontology Support for Translating Negotiation Primitives 89 Maricela Bravo, Maximo Lopez, Azucena Monies, Rene Santaolaya, Raul Pinto, Joaquin Perez

Statistical Method of Context Evaluation for Biological 99 Sequence Similarity

Alina Bogan-Marta, loannis Pitas and Kleoniki Lyroudia

Biological inspired algorithm for Storage Area Networks 109 (ACOSAN)

Anabel Fraga Vazquez

Neural Nets

Radial Basis Functions Versus Geostatistics in Spatial 119 Interpolations

Cristian Rusu, Virginia Rusu

Neural Networks applied to wireless communications 129 Georgina Stegmayer, Omar Chiotti

Anomaly Detection using prior knowledge: application to 139 TCP/IP traffic

Alberto Carrascal, Jorge Couchet, Enrique Ferreira and Daniel Manrique

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice vii

A study on the ability of Support Vector Regression and 149 Neural Networks to Forecast Basic Time Series Patterns

Sven Crone, Jose Guajardo and Richard Weber

Neural Plasma 159 Daniel Berrar and Werner Dubitzky

Knowledge Acquisition and Data Mining

Comparison of SVM and some Older Classification 169 Algorithms in Text Classification Tasks

Fabrice Colas, Pavel Brazdil

An automatic graph layout procedure to visualize correlated 179 data

Mario Inostroza-Ponta, Regina Berretta, Alexandre Mendes, Pablo Moscato

Knowledge Perspectives in Data Grids 189 Luis Eliecer Cadenas and Emilio Hernandez

On the Class Distribution Labelling Step Sensitivity of Co- 199 training

Edson Takashi Matsubara, Maria Carolina Monard and Ronaldo Cristiano Prati

Two new feature selection algorithms with Rough Sets 209 Theory

Yaile Caballero, Rafael Bello, Delia Alvarez, Maria M. Garcia

Evolutionary Computation

Global Convexity in the Bi-Criteria Traveling Salesman 217 Problem

Marcos Villagra, Benjamin Bardn and Osvaldo Gomez

Evolutionary Algorithm for State Encoding 227 Valery Sklyarov and louliia Skliarova

Hypercube Frame Work for ACO applied to timetabling 237 Franklin Johnson, Broderick Crawford and Wenceslao Palma

Multitree-Multiobjective Multicast Routing for Traffic 247 Engineering

Joel Prieto, Benjamin Bardn, Jorge Crichigno

Speech and Natural Language

Road Segment Identification in Natural Language Text 257 Ahmed Y. Tawfik and Lawrence Barsanti

Learning Discourse-new References in Portuguese Texts 267 Sandra Collovini and Renata Vieira

Analysing Definition Questions by Two Machine Leaming 277 Approaches

Carmen Martinez and A. Lopez Lopez

Fuzzy Rule-Based Hand Gesture Recognition 285 Benjamin Callejas Bedregal, Antonio Carlos da Rocha Costa and Gragaliz Pereira Dimuro

Comparison of distance measures for historical spelling 295 variants

Sebastian Kempken, Wolfram Luther and Thomas Pilz

Industrial Applications of AI

Patterns in Temporal Series of Meteorological Variables 305 Using SOM & TDIDT

Marisa Cogliati, Paola Britos and Ramon Garcia-Martinez

Applying Genetic Algorithms to Convoy Scheduling 315 Edward M. Robinson, Ernst L. Leiss

A GRASP algorithm to solve the problem of dependent tasks 325 scheduling in different machines

Manuel Tupia Anticona

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice ix

A support vector machine as an estimator of mountain 335 papaya ripeness using resonant frequency or frequency centroid

Per Bj. Bro, Christophe Rosenberger and Helene Laurent, Carlos Gaete-Eastman, Mario Fernandez and Alejandra Moya-Leon

FieldPlan: Tactical Field Force Planning in BT 345 Mathias Kern, George Anim-Ansah, Gilbert Owusu and Chris Voudouris

An Agent Solution to Flexible Planning and Scheduling of 355 Passenger Trips

Claudio Cubillos and Franco Guidi-Polanco

Machine Vision

Facial expression recognition using shape and texture 365 information

Irene Kotsia and loannis Pitas

Limited Receptive Area neural classifier for texture 375 recognition of metal surfaces

Oleksandr Makeyev, Tatiana Baidyk andAnabel Martin

A Tracking Framework for Accurate Face Localization 385 Ines Cherif, Vassilios Solachidis and loannis Pitas

A Combination of Spatiotemporal ICA and Euclidean 395 Features for Face Recognition

Jiajin Lei, Tim Lay, Chris Wetland, Chao Lu

Agents 2

Three Technologies for Automated Trading 405 John Debenham and Simeon Simoff

Modeling Travel Assistant Agents: a graded BDI approach 415 Ana Casali, Lluis Godo and Carles Sierra

e-Tools: An agent coordination layer to support the mobility 425 of persons with disabilities.

Cristian Barrue, Ulises Cortes, Antonio B. Martinez, Josep Escoda, Roberta Annicchiarico and Carlo Caltagirone

Expert Systems

Conceptualization Maturity Metrics for Expert Systems 435 Ovind Hauge, Paola Britos and Ramon Garcia-Martinez

Toward developing a tele-diagnosis system on fish disease 445 Daoliang Li, Wei Zhu, Yanqing Duan, Zetian Fu

A new method for fish-disease diagnostic problem solving 455 based on parsimonious covering theory and fuzzy inference model

Jiwen Wen, Daoliang Li, Wei Zhu and Zetian Fu

Effective Prover for Minimal Inconsistency Logic 465 Adolfo Gustavo Serra Seca Neto and Marcelo Finger

Identification of Important News for Exchange Rate 475 Modeling

Debbie Zhang, Simeon J. Simoffand John Debenham

Planning and Scheduling

Autonomous Search and Rescue Rotorcraft Mission 483 Stochastic Planning with Generic DBNs

Florent Teichteil-Konigsbuch and Patrick Fabiani

Solving multi-objective scheduling problems-An integrated 493 systems approach

Martin Josef Geiger

Foreword

The papers in this volume comprise the refereed proceedings of the conference 'Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice' (IFIP AI 2006), which formed part of the 19th World Computer Congress of IFIP, the International Federation for Information Processing (WCC-2006), in Santiago, Chile in August 2006.

The conference is organised by the IFIP Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence (Technical Committee 12) and its Working Group 12.5 (Artificial Intelligence Applications).

All papers were reviewed by at least two members of our Programme Committee. The best papers were selected for the conference and are included in this volume. The international nature of IFIP is amply reflected in the large number of countries represented here.

The conference featured invited talks by Rose Dieng, John Atkinson, John Debenham and myself. IFIP AI 2006 also included the Second IFIP Symposium on Professional Practice in Artificial Intelligence, organised by Professor John Debenham, which ran alongside the refereed papers. I should like to thank the conference chair. Professor Debenham for all his efforts in organising the Symposium and the members of our programme committee for reviewing an unexpectedly large number of papers to a very tight deadline.

This is the latest in a series of conferences organised by IFIP Technical Committee 12 dedicated to the techniques of Artificial Intelligence and their real-world applications. The wide range and importance of these applications is clearly indicated by the papers in this volume. Further information about TCI 2 can be found on our website http://www.ifiptcl2.org.

Max Bramer Chair, IFIP Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence

Acknowledgements

Conference Organising Committee

Conference General Chair

John Debenham (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia)

Conference Program Chair

Max Bramer (University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom)

Executive Programme Committee

Max Bramer (University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom) John Debenham (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia) Vladan Devedzic (University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro) Eunika Mercier-Laurent (KIM, France)

Programme Committee

Agnar Aamodt (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway)

Analia Amandi (ISISTAN Research Institute, Argentina) Lora Aroyo (Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands) Stefania Bandini (University of Milan, Italy) Max Bramer (University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom) Krysia Broda (Imperial College London, United Kingdom) Zdzislaw Bubnicki (Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland) Luigia Carlucci Aiello (Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Italy) Monica Crubezy (Stanford University, USA) John Debenham (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia) Joris Deguet (CNRS - IMAG Institute, France) Evangelos Dellis (Inst, of Informatics & Telecommunications, NCSR,

Athens, Greece) Yves Demazeau (CNRS - IMAG Institute, France) Vladan Devedzic (University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro)

Tharam Dillon (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia) John Domingue (The Open University, United Kingdom) Anne Dourgnon-Hanoune (EDF, France) Gintautas Dzemyda (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics,

Lithuania) Henrik Eriksson (Linkoping University, Sweden) Matjaz Gams (Slovenia) Ana Garcia-Serrano (Technical University of Madrid, Spain) Daniela Godoy (ISISTAN Research Institute, Argentina) Fedja Hadzic (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia) Andreas Harrer (University Duisburg-Essen, Germany) Timo Honkela (Helsinki University of Technology, Finland) Werner Horn (Medical University of Vienna, Austria) Tony Jan (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia) Kostas Karpouzis (National Technical University of Athens, Greece) Dusko Katie (Serbia and Montenegro) Ray Kemp (Massey University, New Zealand) Dr. Kinshuk (Massey University, New Zealand) Joost N. Kok (Leiden University, The Netherlands) Stasinos Konstantopoulos (Inst, of Informatics &

Telecommunications, NCSR, Athens, Greece) Jasna Kuljis (Brunei University, United Kingdom) Daoliang Li (China Agricultural University, Beijing) Ilias Maglogiannis (University of Aegean, Samos, Greece) Suresh Manandhar (University of York, United Kingdom) Ramon Lopez de Mantaras (Spanish Council for Scientific Research) Brian Mayoh (University of Aarhus, Denmark) Dimitri Melaye (CNRS - IMAG Institute, France) Eunika Mercier-Laurent (KIM, France) Tanja Mitrovic (University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New

Zealand) Riichiro Mizoguchi (Osaka University, Japan) Zsolt Nagy (Budapest University of Technology and Economics,

Hungary) Pavol Navrat (Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,

Slovakia) Erich Neuhold (RSA-DME) Bemd Neumann (University of Hamburg, Germany) Daniel O'Leary (University of Southern California, USA) Andrea Omicini (Alma Mater Studiorum-Universita di Bologna, Italy) Mihaela Oprea (University of Ploiesti, Romania) Stavros Perantonis (Inst, of Informatics & Telecommunications,

NCSR, Athens, Greece) Guillaume Piolle (CNRS - IMAG Institute, France) Alun Preece (University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom) Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem (Ain Shams University, Egypt) Demetrios Sampson (University of Piraeus & CERTH, Greece)

Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice xv

M Sasikumar (C-DAC, Mumbai, India) Silvia Schiaffino (ISISTAN Research Institute, Argentina) Mauricio Solar (Chile) Constantine Spyropoulos (Inst, of Informatics & Telecommunications,

NCSR, Athens, Greece) Steffen Staab (University of Koblenz, Germany) Olga Stepankova (Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech

Republic) Peter Szeredi (Budapest University of Technology and Economics,

Hungary) Vagan Terziyan (University of Jyvaskyla, Finland) Nicolas Kemper Valverde (National Autonomous University of

Mexico) Wiebe van der Hoek (University of Liverpool, United Kingdom) Marie-Helene Verrons (CNRS - IMAG Institute, France) Virginia Daniela Yannibelli (ISISTAN Research Institute, Argentina) Zdenek Zdrahal (The Open University, United Kingdom) Jianhan Zhu (The Open University, United Kingdom)