ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Study project by:Victoria Gnatoka

RBS, March 7, 2011

WHAT IS AI?

Artificial Intelligence (1956)“the science of engineering and making

intelligent machines” (John McCarthy)

Tries to simulate and reproduce human thought behavior: thinking, speaking, feeling, reasoning

Central property of humans, intelligence

—the sapience of Homo sapiens —

can be so precisely described that it

can be simulated by a machine

CENTRAL IDEA OF AI

Understand common sense

Manipulate qualitative data

Deal with exceptions

Understand relationships between facts

Use human language for interaction

Deal with new situation using previous learning

AI CAN

Information systems: storing, retrieving, working with data

Artificial intelligence technologies: generating and displaying knowledge

and facts

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IS AND AI

In business applications, Al capabilities are often integrated with systems that serve the day-to-day needs of the enterprise, such as inventory tracking, manufacturing process controls, and customer service databases.

Subjects of AI are not subject to human problems of illness or fatigue, and, if they are well designed, can be less prone to inconsistencies and mistakes.

Machines can be used to take on complex and stressful work that would be otherwise performed by humans

Machines can complete the task faster than a human assigned to do the same task

BENEFITS

Understanding complex software can be made in to easy-to-understand types with the aid of artificial intelligence

Less errors and defects, less costs

Minimized time and resources. Time and resources are not wasted but effectively used to achieve the end goal

Their function is infinite

Predicting outcomes allows the AI program to improve business intelligence

BENEFITS (2)

A.I. may be the last invention humans ever need to make

Technological progress in all other fields will be accelerated by the arrival of advanced artificial intelligence

A.I. will lead to more advanced A.I.

Artificial minds can be easily copied

RISKS

Emergence of A.I. may be sudden

A.I. are potentially autonomous agents

A.I. need not have humanlike motives

A.I. may not have humanlike psyches

Loss of human fertility :)

RISKS (2)

AI CANNOT:

Fast, intuitive judgement v.s. conscious, step-by-step deduction

Use intuitive "working assumptions“

Fast intuitive interpretation of data

Human brain non-conscious and sub-symbolic nature v.s. A.I. rationality

IS THERE ANY SOLUTION?

"We must execute the creation of Artificial Intelligence as the exact

application of an exact art. And maybe then we can win.*"

*Eliezer Yudkowsky. "Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk", 2006

WORLDWIDE FAMOUS USES OF AI

Thinking machines and artificial beings appear already in Greek myths – the bronze robot Talos of Crete

A common feature in fiction – Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the most famous creatures

Genetically engineered Na’vi human hybrid bodies Avatars in James Cameron film

WORLDWIDE FAMOUS USES OF AI (2)

Second life – a virtual world accessible on the

Internet, developed by Linden Lab (2003). Enables

users to interact with each other through avatars –

digital persons, created and customized by the

users and resembling a real or an alternate

identity. 20 million registered user accounts.

WORLDWIDE FAMOUS USES OF AI (3)

Specialized projects: brain simulation,cognitive architectures,games,knowledge and reasoning,motion and manipulation,natural language processing,planning,multipurpose projects (software libraries, cloud services).

WORLDWIDE FAMOUS USES OF AI (4)

Examples:Robotic helper for the elderly or handicapped in daily life activities

Prosthetic arm mind-controlled through existing nerves

A surgical robotic system NeuroArm that can do delicate brain surgery

NASA’s man on Mars delivering samples of soil and ice for analysis

WORLDWIDE FAMOUS USES OF AI (5)

Digital secretary Ultra Hal or Helen

A floor cleaning robot

Self driving vehicles

Solution for alternative route info to escape traffic jams

Machine translation, etc.

REAL LIFE STORY

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE CENTER (IEC)

COMPANY BACKGROUND

Founded in 1989 in Riga, Latvia

Is represented in 12 countries with more than 100 offices in total (Russia, Ukraine, China, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, etc)

Around 200 employees

Each year about 100 000 students participate in different programs offered by IEC Mission: to promote cross-cultural awareness through work, volunteer and trainee programs worldwide

Industry: education and work programs worldwide (e.g. Work&Travel, Au Pair, Trainee programs, Camp USA,etc)

Information technologies

IEC VIRTUAL TRAVEL CAFE

1994 – next to Riga IEC office was opened one of the 1st Internet cafes in Riga on Kalku str.20. Aim: to give students who participate in programs access to internet sites with the information about programs, countries etc

1998 – Internet cafe turns into Virtual Travel’s cafe offering the following services to the public: Internet virtual travels, 3D cinema

2002 – Robot appears in IEC Virtual Travel Cafe

AI AT IEC

Name: Randel (IRI-3000) Weight: 300kg Producer: Internationalrobotics http://internationalrobotics.com/index.html

Description:

World class mobile communication robot Vertical, adult size, programmable robotic personality Has a beautifully designed outer body Price: $85,000

RANDEL AT IEC

USE

Entertainment Marketing activities Exhibitions

PROS

Attention Loyality and trust

FunCONS

Unexpected behaviour Expensive maintenance Human help always needed Loose potential clients

TALKING TO RANDEL

Karlis:-Randel, what’s my name?

Randel:-Don’t you know?

Karlis:

- How do you think?

Randel:

- How do you think I think?

Stranger:- Divide 999 999 by 13! Quick!Randel:- Why?Stranger:- I really need it! Please!Randel:- 76 923.Stranger:- Correct... Anyway I do not

believe...Randel:- Then why do you come here every day?

RANDEL’S LIFE TODAY

• 2005 Virtual Travel cafe is closed

• 2005 – 2009 Robot is “working” in IEC office

• 2009 Robot is sent to the IEC Moscow office

• 2010 Robot gets his virtual prototype on the IEC Russian webpage (www.iec.ru)