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Artificial Recharge in Semi Artificial Recharge in Semi-arid arid Artificial Recharge in Semi Artificial Recharge in Semi arid arid Region Region – A Case Study of A Case Study of Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra By By Dr. S. K. Jain Dr. S. K. Jain Central Ground Water Board Central Ground Water Board India India India India
Transcript
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Artificial Recharge in SemiArtificial Recharge in Semi--aridaridArtificial Recharge in SemiArtificial Recharge in Semi arid arid Region Region –– A Case Study of A Case Study of

MaharashtraMaharashtraMaharashtraMaharashtra

ByByDr. S. K. JainDr. S. K. Jain

Central Ground Water BoardCentral Ground Water BoardIndiaIndiaIndiaIndia

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FIGURE - 2.1

I N D I A

)

DELHI

BULDHANA ( 5 )

BULDHANA ( 5 )

AKOLA (2)

W ARDHA ( 15 )

NAGPUR ( 8 )

GONDIA ( 6 )

JALGAON DISTRICT

M A H A R A S H T R AM A H A R A S H T R AI N D I A

,KOLKATA

CHENNAI,

MAHARASHTRA

,MUMBAI

PUNE ( 11 )

SOLAPUR (14)

STUDY AREA

CHOPDA

JALGAON

ERANDOL

MUKTAI NAGARAMALNER

YAWALRAVER

BHUSAWAL

PAROLA

CHOPDA

J A L G A O N D I S T R I C TJ A L G A O N D I S T R I C T

PACHORABHADGAON

JAMNER

CHALISGAON

I N D E X M A P O F T H E S T U D Y A R E A

14

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HYDROGEOLOGY OF MAHARASHTRAMAHARASHTRA

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DRAINAGEDRAINAGE

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TAPI ALLUVIAL BELT

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MANIKPUR P.T CONSTRUCTED BY CGWB G t f I diCGWB, Govt. of India

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BENODA P.T. CONSTRUCTED BY CGWB G t f I diCGWB, Govt. of India

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CEMENT PLUG AT MAMDAPUR CONSTRUCTED BY CGWBCONSTRUCTED BY CGWB

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CEMENT PLUG AT TEMBHURKHEDA BY CGWB

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RAINFALL ANALYSISSl.no.

Places Avg. Rainfall (mm)

Rainfall trend (mm/yr)

Sd (mm)

Co-eff of Variation (%)

Drought years (%)

Excess rainfall years (%)(%)

1 JALGAON 774.6 -0.006 181 23 15 11

2 CHOPDA 724.8 -0.322 194 27 18 18

3 YAVAL 736.0 -0.515 209 28 20 21

4 BHUSAVAL 730.0 -1.675 198 27 17 22

5 CHALISGAON 719.0 +0.390 195 27 17 13

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PROBABILITY OF RAINFALL OCCURRENCEOCCURRENCE

1300

1400

1100

1200

1300

800

900

1000

ainf

all (

mm

)

600

700

Ra

300

400

500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Probabilty (%)

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D R O U G H T A R E AD R O U G H T A R E A

FIG URE - 4.1

I N J A L G A O N D I S T R I C TI N J A L G A O N D I S T R I C T

STUDY AREASTUDY AREA

YAW AL

RAVERCHOPDA

JALGAON MUKTAI NAGAR

ERANDOL

AMALNER

BHUSAW AL

PAROLA

PACHORABHADGAON

JAMNER

CHALISGAON

D R O U G H T A R E AD R O U G H T A R E A

L E G E N DL E G E N D

D R O U G H T A R E AD R O U G H T A R E A

46

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RAINFALL INTENSITY

Month & Year Rainfall Max Rainfall IntensityMonth & Year Rainfall Max. Rainfall Intensitymm/ Hrs

mm Hrs mm Hrs

Jun, 1995 139.1 19.6 55.0 5.0 11.0

Jul, 1995 159.0 50.0 21.5 3.0 7.2

Aug, 1995 39.7 9.6 9.5 1.25 7.6

Sep, 1995 123.9 32.5 36.7 10.25 3.6Sep, 1995 123.9 32.5 36.7 10.25 3.6

Oct, 1995 47.5 5.5 46.0 5.0 9.2

Jun, 1996 19.9 3.4 13.6 1.25 10.0

Jul, 1996 148.4 NA* NA NA NA

Aug, 1996 100.0 16.0 39.6 7.00 5.7

Sep 1996 131 0 17 2 20 2 0 75 26 9Sep, 1996 131.0 17.2 20.2 0.75 26.9

Oct, 1996 58.5 15.8 44.2 9.0 4.9

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ANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALLANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALLANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALLANALYSIS OF DAILY RAINFALL

Frequency Number of Rainy Days in a YearFrequency of Daily Rain

(mm)

Number of Rainy Days in a Year

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000

0 - 5 41 18 40 44 38 20

5-10 15 15 7 9 20 2

10-20 17 7 7 13 7 5

20-30 3 5 3 2 2 4

30-40 1 1 4 1 5 -

40-50 1 1 1 1 2 4

50-70 - 1 - 1 - 2

70-100 - - - 1 - 2

100 1100 - - - - 1 -

Total 78 48 62 72 75 39

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AVERAGE EVAPORATION

12

14

8

10

mm

/ da

y )

6

8

apor

atio

n (m

2

4

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Eva

Month

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RAINFALL RAINFALL -- RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPRUNOFF RELATIONSHIP

HILLYHILLY AREAAREA

80

90

100

1995

50

60

70

mm

)

1996199719981999

20

30

40

Run

off

(m

19992000

0

10

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750

Monsoon Month Rainfall (mm)

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RAINFALL – RUNOFFTRENDTREND

100

120

m )

Series1Best fit line

60

80

Run

off (

mm

20

40

Cum

ulat

ive

R

0

20

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

C

y = 0.0072x1.4106 Cumulative Rainfall (mm )

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RAINFALL – RUNOFF RELATIONRAINFALL – RUNOFF RELATIONALLUVIAL PLAINS

35

40

25

30

off (

mm

)

15

20

Cum

ulat

ive

Run

o

0

5

10

C

19961997

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

Monsoon Monthly Cumulative Rainf all (mm)

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RAINFALL RAINFALL –– RUNOFF TRENDLINERUNOFF TRENDLINEPLAINSPLAINS

y = 0.026x1.1552

40

Rainfall-RunoffPower (Rainfall-Runoff)

30

40

off (

mm

)

10

20

ulat

ive

Run

0

10

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Cum

u

Cumulative Rainfall (mm)

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S O IL IN F IL T R A T IO N R A T E IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A

∀R E S E R V E D F O R E S T

8 2 14 3 6

6 0 0

≅≅

5 0 9

8 8 5

8 1 4

≅1 0 7 4 0 2 4

k ilo m e tre s

B a g h jh ira

M a n u d e v i

Ic h k h e d a

N a g jh ira

N im b a d e v i

H a r ip u ra

4 5 1

2 7 3

2 8 0

5 1 4

≅≅

3 4 3

2 8 9

≅F

F

unak

Nad

i

K in g a o n

M a lo d

N a y g a o n

K i B k

K h

S a v k h e d a S im

D a h ig a o n

M o h a ra la

M h a ilk h e d i

2 3 5

2 4 5

2 7 8

2 8 6

Bhau

D o n g a o n

D a m b h u rn i

G ira d g a o n

K in g a o n B kB o ra la

V a g h o d a

C h u n c h a la

S a k li

N a v ra

K o rp a v il

2 0 6

2 2 0

L E G E N DL E G E N DIn f i ltra t io n R a te (c m / h o u r)

TAPI R

B h a u n a k N a d i

S h ira g a d

N h a v i

D a m b h u rn i

D a g li

M a n v e l

S a k liS irs a d1 9 1

1 9 1

1 8 9

In f i ltra t io n R a te (c m / h o u r)

< 1 0

1 0 - 2 0

2 0 - 3 0I RIVERP a th ra le T h o rg a v h a n 2 0 3 0

> 3 0

6 7

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In filtra tion In T he S tudy A rea

P R E M O N S O O N S O IL M O IS T U R E IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A

F I G U R E 5 . 3

R E S E R V E D F O R E S T

0 2 4

k ilom e tres

!N

F

F B agh jh ira

M anudev i

R E S E R V E D F O R E S T

N agjh ira

N im badev i

H a ripu ra

di

Ichkheda

M a lod

N aygaon S avkheda S im

M ohara la

Bhau

nak

Nad

D ongaon

K ingaon

G iradgaon

K ingaon B k

K h

B ora la

V aghoda

C huncha la

N avra

K orpav il

D ah igaon M ha ilkhed i

B haun ak N ad i

S h iragad

N hav i

D am bhurn i

D ag li

M anve l

S ak liS irsad L E G E N DL E G E N D

( P erc en tag e )S o il M o is tu re

5 - 10TAPI RIVER

S h iragad

P a th ra leT ho rgavhan

5 - 10

< 5

7 0

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HYDROCHEMISTRY

The quality of ground water is generally alkaline and is good for domestic, irrigation and industrial uses.

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WATER BEARING FORMATIONS…WATER BEARING FORMATIONS…

DECCAN TRAP

Weathered vesicular fractured and jointedWeathered, vesicular, fractured and jointed zones form aquifers in Deccan trap.GW occurs under water table and confined conditions.The wells tapping Deccan traps shows yield ranges from 21 to 337 m3/dayranges from 21 to 337 m3/dayDeeper aquifer tapped by borewells yield 1.8 to 52 m3/hr.

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WATER BEARING FORMATIONSWATER BEARING FORMATIONS…

ALLUVIUM

Alluvium having pebbles, gravels and coarse sand forms aquifer zones. T b ll i thi di h 5 t 10Tubewells in this area discharge 5 to 10 lps with transmissivity varying from 83 to 2314 m2/day.yground water occurs under water table and confined conditions.

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WATER BEARING FORMATIONSWATER BEARING FORMATIONS…..

BAZADA

A Talus and scree depositsThese occur along the foot hills of satpura and form excellent aquifers.

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(

H Y D R O G E O L O G Y O F T H E S T U D Y A R E A

F IG U R E - 8 .1

821436

600

≅≅

509

514

885

814

≅1074

R E S E R V E D F O R E S T0 2 4

kilom etres

(451

273

280

514

≅≅

278

343

289

≅B agh jh ira

M anudev i

Ichkheda

N ag jh ira

N im badev i

H aripu ra

M ohara la230 270

290

270

290

Bhau

nak

Nad

i

235

245

2 20

286

D ongaon

K ingaon

M alod

N aygaon

G iradgaon

K ingaon B k

K h

B ora laC huncha la

S avkheda S im

K orpav il

D ah igaon

M ohara la

M ha ilkhed i

190

180

190

230

B haunak N adi

2 06

1 91

D am bhurn i

g

D ag li

M anve l

V aghoda

S ak liS irsad

N avra170

160

180

L E G E N DL E G E N D

L i t

TAPI RIVER

1 9 1

18 9

S h iragad

N hav i

P a th ra le T horgavhan

160

170L ineam en t

D ra inage

W ater T ab le C ontour

W ate r B earing Fo rm ations

180

(m e tre am sl)

g

D eccan T rap B azada A lluv ium

105

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C H R O N O L O G Y O F D E P T H T O W A T E R L E V E L IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A

S IN C E 1 9 7 5 T O 2 0 0 0 ( P O S T - M O N S O O N S E A S O N )

F IG U R E - 8 .5

F

FF

F

1 9 7 5 1 9 9 3

Bha

unak

Nad

i

Hatnur Canal

Hatnur Canal

B h a u n a k N a d i

Bhau

nak

Nad

i

TAPI R IVER

B h a u n a k N a d i

TAPI R IVER

L E G E N D

D e p th to W a te r L e v e lha

unak

Nad

i

F

F

D e p th to W a te r L e v e l

( m e t r e b e lo w g r o u n d le v e l )

0 - 1 0

TAPI R IVER

B h a u n a k N a d i

Bh

Hatnur Canal

1 0 - 2 0

2 0 - 3 0

3 0 - 4 0

D r a in a g e

2 0 0 0

1 1 5

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C H R O N O L O G Y O F D E P T H T O W A T E R L E V E L IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A

S IN C E 1 9 6 4 T O 2 0 0 0 ( P R E - M O N S O O N S E A S O N )

F IG U R E - 8 .4

1 5 m1 5 m 1 5 m 2 1 m 3 0 m

F

F

1 9 6 4 1 9 7 5

9 m

9 m

9 m

9m

6 m

9 m

9 m

9 m

9 m

1 5 m 1 5 m6 m

6 m

6 m

2 1 m

3 0 m

Hatnur Canal

TAPI RIVER

B h a u n a k N a d i

Bhau

nak

Nad

i

8 2 14 3 6

6 0 0

4 5 1

≅≅≅

≅5 0 9

5 1 4

≅≅

8 8 5

8 1 4

≅1 0 7 4

≅ ≅B a g h jh ira

R E S E R V E D F O R E S T

N im b a d e v i

1 9 9 3 2 0 0 0

Bhau

nak

Nad

i

Bha

unak

Nad

i

Hatnur

2 7 3

2 3 5

2 8 0

2 4 5

2 2 0

≅ ≅

2 7 8

3 4 3

2 8 6

2 8 9

D o n g a o n

K in g a o n

M a n u d e v i

Ic h k h e d a

M a lo d

N a y g a o n

G ira d g a o n

K in g a o n B k

K h

B o ra la

V a g h o d a

C h u n c h a la

N a v ra

N a g jh ira H a r ip u ra

S a v k h e d a S im

K o rp a v il

D a h ig a o n

M o h a ra la

M h a ilk h e d i

TAPI RIVER

B h a u n a k N a d i

TAPI RIVER

B h a u n a k N a d i

ur Canal

2 0 6

1 9 1

1 9 1

1 8 9

S h ira g a d

N h a v i

P a th ra le

D a m b h u rn i

D a g li

T h o rg a v h a n

M a n v e l

S a k liS irs a d

L E G E N D

D e p th to W a te r L e v e l (m e tre b e lo w g ro u n d le v e l)

0 - 1 0 1 0 - 2 0 2 0 - 3 0 3 0 - 4 0 4 0 - 5 0 D ra in a g e

1 1 4

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GRAPH OF DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL

y = 1.1571x + 20.64320

22

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Postmonsoon22

24

bgl ) Premonsoon

26

28

DTW

( m

y = 0.4905x + 27.04330

32

Ave

D

34

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CHANGES IN PRE-MONSOON SCENARIOPRE-MONSOON SCENARIO

DTW mbgl

100%

0-10m 10 - 20m 20-30m 30-40m 40-50m

80%

100%

40%

60%

AR

EA

0%

20%

0%1975 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000 YEAR

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CHANGES IN POST-MONSOON SCENARIOPOST MONSOON SCENARIO

DTWmbgl

100%

0-10m 10 - 20m20-30m 30-40m

80%

100%

40%

60%

AR

EA

0%

20%

A

0%

1975 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000YEAR

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FORMATION-WISEDEPTH TO WATER LEVELDEPTH TO WATER LEVEL

20

22Whole Area

24

26

28

YEARS

DTW

(m.b

gl ) Bazada

AlluviumCentral Allu.

30

32

34

Ave

. D

36

38

93-9

4

94-9

5

95-9

6

96-9

7

97-9

8

98-9

9

99-0

0

00-0

1

199 9 9 9 9 9 9 0

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OBSERVATION WELLS HYDROGRAPHSMohrala

y = 1.0786x + 26.82920

30

1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003

YEAR

O W

ATE

R LEV

EL( m

bgl )

Premosoon

Postmonsoon

Linear

y = 0.916x + 31.094

40

50

DEP

TH TO

YEAR Giradgaon

y = 0.8059x + 19.73410

20

30

1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003

YEAR

WA

TER

LEV

ELm

bgl)

y = 0.953x + 22.081

40

50

DEP

TH T

O W

(m

Dambhurni

y = 0.6802x + 20.84810

20

1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2001 2002 2003YEAR

PTH

TO

WA

TER

LEVE

L(m

bgl)

y = 0.6284x + 24.58

30

40

DEP L

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8 0 0

D U G W E L L D E N S IT Y IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A ( 1 9 9 0 )

F IG U R E - 8 .1 1

8 0 0 8 0 0

8 0 0

R E S E R V E D F O R E S T

8 2 14 3 6

6 0 0

≅≅

5 0 9

8 8 5

8 1 4

≅1 0 7 4 0 2 4

k ilo m e tre s

F

F4 0 0

4 0 0B a g h jh ir a

M a n u d e v i

Ic h k h e d a

N a g jh ir a

N im b a d e v i

H a r ip u ra

4 5 1

2 7 3

2 8 0

5 1 4

≅≅

3 4 3

2 8 9

Bhau

nak

Nad

i

K in g a o n

M a lo d

N a y g a o n

K in g a o n B k

K h

B o ra la

S a v k h e d a S im

K o rp a v il

D a h ig a o n

M o h a ra la

M h a ilk h e d i

2 3 5

2 4 5

2 7 8

2 8 6

Hatnur Canal

2 0 0

B

D o n g a o n

D a m b h u rn i

G ira d g a o n

B o ra la

V a g h o d a

C h u n c h a la

S a k liS ir s a d

N a v ra

2 0 6

1 9 1

2 2 0

L E G E N DL E G E N D

D u g w e ll D e n s ity / s q .k m .

< 52 0 0

TAPI R IVER

B h a u n a k N a d i

S h ir a g a d

N h a v i

P a th ra le

D a g li

T h o rg a v h a n

M a n v e l1 9 1

1 8 9

< 5

5 - 1 0

1 0 - 2 0

2 0 - 3 0ER

> 3 0

1 3 4

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G R O U N D W A T E R IR R IG A T IO N IN T H E S T U D Y A R E A

F IG U R E - 2 .3

R E S E R V E D F O R E S T

0 2 4

k ilo m e tre s

B a g h jh ira

M a n u d e v i

Ic h k h e d a

N a g jh ira

N im b a d e v i

H a r ip u ra

unak

Nad

i

K in g a o n

M a lo d

N a yg a o n

K h

S a v k h e d a S im

D a h ig a o n

M o h a ra la

M h a ilk h e d i

Bhau

Hatnur Ca

D o n g a o n

D a m b h u rn i

G ira d g a o n

K in g a o n B kB o ra la

V a g h o d a

C h u n c h a la

S k li

N a v ra

K o rp a v il

L E G E N DL E G E N DI i t d

TAP

B h a u n a k N a d ianal

S h ira g a d

N h a v i

D a m b h u rn i

D a g li

M a n v e l

S a k liS irs a d

0 0 - 1 01 0 - 2 0

2 0 - 3 0

Ir r ig a te d a re a ( % o f c u lt iv a b le a re a )

PI RIVERP a th ra le T h o rg a v h a n 3 0 - 4 0

2 3

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POTENTIAL OF GROUNDWATER STORAGE IN DRIED AQUIFERS….

S Particulars Area Granular Zones Average StorageS.N.

Particulars Area (Km2)

Granular Zones Above Water Table

Thickness(m)

Average Specific

Yield

Storage Potential

(mcm)

1 2 3 4 5 6 (3x4x5)

1 AlluviumUpto 15m

2.0 4.45 0.15 1.335

2 Alluvium 30.0 5.70 0.15 25.650Upto 25m

3 AlluviumUpto 35m

86.0 18.85 0.15 243.1657

4 Alluvium (river bank) 17 0 15 90 0 15 40 5454 Alluvium (river bank)Upto 35m

17.0 15.90 0.15 40.545

5 Bazada Upto 25m 50.0 17.45 0.10 87.250

Total 185.0 _ _ 397.945

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POTENTIAL OF GROUNDWATER STORAGE IN DRIED AQUIFERS….

Th i t t ti l f d 397 945 106•There is a storage potential of around 397.945 x 106

cubic meter in the dried aquifers above the water table through artificial recharge. g g

•Considering the availability of around 13 MCM of surface run-off in the whole watershed at 50 %surface run-off in the whole watershed at 50 % dependable rainfall of 698.5 mm, it shall take more than 30 years to saturate the entire granular zone in the area.

•It is impossible to utilise 100% runoff of the study area for artificial recharge due to natural constraints.g

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ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE MEASURESARTIFICIAL RECHARGE MEASURESPLAN OF NALA BUNDS HILLS AREA

•Planning of nala bunding is carried out by using the drainage databasePlanning of nala bunding is carried out by using the drainage databaseof all three major drainage systems of the hilly area.

•Average height of the bund is taken 1 metre on practical considerationth l l t t ti i d ibilit tas per the local set-up, construction convenience and accessibility to

the hilly and overall terrain condition.

S A S i f f SSN

Drainagesystem

Totallengthofstream(Km)

Averageslope(m / Km)

Spacing ofnalabundsalong thestream m)

Number ofnalabunds

Storagecapacity( m3 )Ave. Total

1 2 3 4 5 (3/5) 6 71 2 3 4 5 (3/5) 6 7

1 Bhaunak 4.70 150(1:6.6)

11.6 405 20 8100

2 Baghjhira 11.10 55(1:18.2)

23.2 798 50 39900

3 Manudevi 4.76 111.7(1:8.9)

13.9 342 30 10260

Total 20.56 1545 58260

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SPACING BETWEEN TWO BUNDS

slope of 1: 6.6 indicates that a nalabund of 1 metre height shall havesubmergence / backwater upto a distance of 6.6 metre.g p

Therefore, distance between two bunds must be more than 6.6 metres.A gap of 5 metres is thought fit in addition to the slope distance i.e. 6.6 + 5 =

11.6 metre is the distance between two bunds in the Bhaunak drainagegsegment of the hills.

The general formula for working out the distance between two bunds isevolved as follows;

Distance between two bunds = Distance for a drop of 1m. (Slope) + 5m.

Thus, the distance between two bunds is worked out as 11.6, 23.2 and 13.9metres in case of Bhaunak, Baghjhira and Manudevi drainage segmentsrespectively in the hilly area.

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NUMBERS OF BUNDS

Number of bunds across a drainage system is worked outusing the total length of the drainage as a base linedata input as per the drainage analysis done in thetable 3 3 The numbers of bunds are arrived at astable 3.3. The numbers of bunds are arrived at asfollows;

Numbers of bunds =Numbers of bunds =Total length of streams / Distance between two bunds

The numbers of bunds 405, 798 and 342 in Bhaunak,Baghjhira and Manudevi drainage systemsrespectively with a total of 1545 in the entire hillsarea.

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STORAGE CAPACITY OF BUNDSSTORAGE CAPACITY OF BUNDS

Average storage capacity of a bund in the Bhaunak, Baghjhiraand Manudevi drainage segment are to be 20, 50 and 30m3 respectively.p y

The total storage capacity of 1445 bunds is therefore worked58260 3 1 25out as 58260 m3 against the runoff amount of 1.25 mcm

to be generated from the 50 mm rainfall in the hills of thestudy area.

The bunds are likely to conserve only around 5% of the runoff.

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CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCHES (CCT)

CCT are constructed along the contours and covers widesurface area along and across the hills.

CCT may conserve bulk of the runoff at the nearest possiblesource point.

CCT also finds a favour from forest conservation point of viewand can be constructed easily as a part of the forest activity.

The cross section of CCT is 30 cm X 60 cm.1.192 mcm runoff is to be conserved by CCT as1.192 mcm runoff is to be conserved by CCT as

nala bunds may conserve only around 0.058mcm.

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RECHARGE PITSThe size of recharge pit in one hectare of land is worked

out as follows;Annual rainfall in 1 Ha of land = 100 m X 100 m XAnnual rainfall in 1 Ha of land 100 m X 100 m X

0.6985 m = 6985 m3

Total runoff from annual rainfall (As per runoff equation)= 35 Km 2X 0.05404 m = 1.8914 mcm

Regularly occurring max. rainfall in a day = 50 mm /day

Maximum runoff estimated from 50 mm rainfall = 15 mm ( @ 30 % of 50 mm)

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SIZE OF RECHARGE PITSIZE OF RECHARGE PIT

Runoff over 1 ha of land = 100 m X 100 m X 0.015 m = 150 m3

Size of the recharge pit in 1 Ha of land = (Length x Width x Depth) (Length x Width x Depth)= 7 m X 7 m X 3 m

Total 3500 recharge pits are required in 35Total 3500 recharge pits are required in 35 Km2 (3500 Ha) of gently sloping bazada tract to utilise 1.8914 mcm of runoff annually.

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W A T E R R E S O U R C E S M A N A G E M E N T P L A N T H R O U G H A R T I F I C I A L R E C H A R G E S C H E M E S

F IG U R E - 9 .5

M a n u d e v i

H illy T ra c t

B a g h jh ira B u n d in gR E S E R V E D F O R E S T

B a g h jh iraM a n u d e v i

H illy T ra c t - S u ita b le fo r C C T & N a la B u n d in g s

B h a u n a k

0 2 4

k ilo m e tre s∗

M o u n ta in fro n t

G e n tly S lo p p in g

S u ita b le fo r P e rc o la tio n T a n ka n d R e c h a rg e S h a ft

S u ita b le fo r R e c h a rg e B a z a d a P its

B a g h jh ira

M a n u d e v i

Ic h k h e d a

N a g jh ira

N im b a d e v i

H a r ip u ra

M o h a ra la

G e n tly S lo p in g B a z a d a T ra c t - S u ita b le fo r R e c h a rg e P its

M o u n ta in F ro n t - S u ita b le fo r P e rc o la t io n T a n k s & R e c h a rg e S h a fts

P its

K in g a o n

M a lo d

N a yg a o n

K in g a o n B k

K h

B o ra laC h u n c h a la

S a v k h e d a S im

K o rp a v il

D a h ig a o n

M o h a ra la

M h a ilk h e d i

Bhau

nak

Nad

i

Hatnur Canal

D o n g a o n

D a m b h u rn i

G ira d g a o n

D a g li

V a g h o d a

S a k liS irs a d

N a v ra

S h ira g a d

N h a v i

P a th ra le T h o rg a v h a n

M a n v e l

TAPI RIVER

B h a u n a k N a d i L E G E N DL E G E N D

< 2 5

2 5 -5 0

G ra n u la r Z o n e s (% )

S u ita b leS tru c tu re s

R e c h a rg eS h a ft2 5 5 0

5 0 -7 5

7 5 -9 5 In je c t io n W e ll

P e rc o la t io n T a n k s

E x is t in gP ro p o s e d

1 7 7

R e c h a rg e S h a ft

P ro p o s e dE x is t in g E x is t in g

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©CENTRAL GROUND WATER©CENTRAL GROUND WATER AUTHORITY

On the directions of Hon’ble Supreme Court,Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) hasCentral Ground Water Authority (CGWA), hasbeen constituted as an “AUTHORITY” with theobjective to “Regulate indiscriminate boring &withdrawal of ground water in the country”withdrawal of ground water in the country .The Authority has been constituted under Section3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 (29of 1986) on 14th January 1997of 1986) on 14th January 1997.

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MANDATE

To regulate and control theTo regulate and control theground water development andmanagement.management.

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POWERS VESTED WITH CGWA

© Exercise powers under Section 5 of theEnvironment (Protection) Act, 1986 for issuingdirections and taking such measures indirections and taking such measures inrespect of all the matters referred to in Sub-Section 2 of Section 33 of the said Act.

© Regulate indiscriminate boring & withdrawalof ground water.

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POWERS VESTED WITH CGWA

© Issue necessary regulatory directions with aview to preserve & protect the ground water.

© Notify an area where overexploitation,pollution, salinity hazard etc. has beenpollution, salinity hazard etc. has beenconsidered.

© Resort to the Penal Provisions contained inSections 15 to 21 of the said Act.


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