Artist Design July 6 , 2010 · SAM PLL Cross linker Enzyme ASIC Neuroprobe PCB ... TSMC 0.18 µm...

Rudy Lauwereins IMEC restricted 2010 1

Artist DesignJuly 6th, 2010

The Wetware-Hardware Interface:Three ways of interfacing our brain to a computer

Rudy Lauwereins

Vice President Smart Systems Technology Office

Professor Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

Overview


Why interfacing computers to the brain?

System level interfaces

Macro level interfaces

Micro level interfaces

From Science Fiction to Science Fact?

Overview









What 40 years “More Moore” brought to us…

From 200 bytes filling a big room…

To 32 Gbytes filling your pocket…


Nevertheless, input/output remained the same…

Input: keyboard

Output: screen


From a computer-in-your-pocket to hidden-electronics-everywhere:

autonomous interfaces to the real-world needed

Internet Internet –– 7x24, Every Modality of Life7x24, Every Modality of Life

The Embedded Internet: 4th Generation 15B15BDevicesDevices

15B15BDevicesDevices

ResearchersResearchers

MainframesMainframes

ResearchersResearchers

MainframesMainframes Cell PhonesCell Phones

UbiquitousUbiquitous

Cell PhonesCell Phones


Cell PhonesCell Phones


PervasivePervasive

EmbeddedEmbedded

PervasivePervasive

EmbeddedEmbedded

PervasivePervasive

EmbeddedEmbeddedServers, Servers, PCPC’’ss

ManyMany

Servers, Servers, PCPC’’ss

ManyMany

Servers, Servers, PCPC’’ss

ManyMany

Source: Intel

Heterogeneous interfaces needed

Revolution enabled byMore than Moore

© Intel


For health care related hidden-electronics-everywhere, we need

interfacing with electrogenic characteristics of the body

System level –electrical activity of all neuronsmeasured outside the body

Macro level –electrical activity of a region of neuronsstimulated inside the body

Micro level –electrical activity of one neuronmeasured/stimulated inside the body

Too bulkyToo uncomfortable

Too coarseNo feedback loop

Non existent

Overview









What miniaturization can bring you:

See your heart activity… comfortably and continuously

Not this… but this…



Hear your brain activity… comfortably and continuously

Not this…

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Frequency (Hz)

Pow

er/

frequency (

dB

/Hz)

PSD Eyes Closed all electrodes dry (C4 magnetic)

F3

C3

P3

O1

F4

C4

P4

O2

but this…

Listen to your brain activity



Hear your brain activity… comfortably and continuously

Overview









Challenges for DBS implantable devices

MRI complianceElectrodestability

More contacts

Smaller contacts

Stimulation &Recording Steering &

calibration

Easy handling

Test path-Therapy finding-Approval-Human use


VISION: in vivo

Medical DBS practice today IMEC approach

[Medtronic DBS implant]


Wafer-level micro fabrication & packaging

of neural probes

ASIC

NeuroprobePCB

Flip-chip

connections Wire-bond

connections


Broad choice of topologies & materials

characterized in solution, in vitro, in vivo

227um50 μm

TiN

Black Pt

IrOx

CNT


Efficient design cycle using experimental

characterization – modeling – simulation

-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 5000

5

10

15

Distance from electrode surface top (=0) in um

Ele

ctr

ical

po

ten

tial

in V

acute, <50>-50-<50>

chronic, <50>-50-<50>

acute, <100>

chronic, <100>

acute, <50>-50-<50>, 2xj

chronic, <50>-50-<50>, 2xj

<50>-50-<50>, 2xj

<50>-50-<50>


Achieving compliance for (bio)medical use:

Biocompatibility, MRI compliance, insertion behavior

14 DIV14 DIV

cap

with KULeuven


Signal processing & electronics for simultaneous

multi-channel recording & stimulation

stimulation

recording

pulse length: 200 ms

Stimulus (1/10)

Received signal

after analog

compensation

Template

Digital interpol.

Time (s)

Vo

lta

ge

(V

)

with KULeuven with KULeuven


From components to a fully integrated implantable

micro system for small animal (and human) use

Stretchableinterconnect

Flexiblepackaging

Bi-directionalMixed-signal

ASIC

Active neuroprobe

High-density2D/2.5D/3D

or flex probe

Wireless (OTS)

DSP/uC (OTS)

Wireless link

Battery (OTS)

Ultra-thinchip tech.

Power-Performance scalable wireless link

Selective field-steeredneuronal stimulation and

recording

Imp

lan

tab

le P

ack

ag

ing

& I

nte

rco

nn

ect

Stretchableinterconnect

Flexiblepackaging

Bi-directionalMixed-signal

ASIC

Active neuroprobe

High-density2D/2.5D/3D

or flex probe

Wireless (OTS)

DSP/uC (OTS)

Wireless link

Battery (OTS)

Ultra-thinchip tech.

Power-Performance scalable wireless link

Selective field-steeredneuronal stimulation and

recording

Imp

lan

tab

le P

ack

ag

ing

& I

nte

rco

nn

ect

Human case

Small animalAcute case

Small animalchronic case

Overview









Why does the merger make sense?


Micro- and nanoelectronics <-> Biology


Technology paves the way from cell to

computer

SAM PLLCrosslinker EnzymeSAM PLLCrosslinker Enzyme

ASIC

NeuroprobePCB

Flip-chip

connections Wire-bond

connections


Via functional cell-IC interfacing towards novel

in vitro and in vivo tools for life sciences and healthcare

signal

NanoIONICS NanoELECTRONICS


VISION: in vitro

• From classical neuroscience to probing and controlling the brain at the level of a single cell and even single synapse

Classical method(patch clamp) IMEC approach


3D electrodes: nails

Flat vs. nail-like:

• Increase electrode-membrane coupling

• Increase Rseal better signal quality

IMECClassical planar


Tuning hardware to fit biology

• Replace planar electrodes with 3D cellular probes

On chip “ENGULFMENT” Improved signal coupling(reduced signal leakage,reduced parasitics)


Applications: in vitro

• R&D tools for basic science (e.g. understanding cellular signaling, communication, disease mechanisms)

• Drug screening

• Biosensors

• Actuation and sensing of prosthesis

IMEC’s NEURAY chip


Tuning hardware to fit biology

• Full system integration (customized for application)

CMOS readout/control electronicsIn situ amplificationTSMC 0.18 µm technology

+

Cellular probes: needles & syringes

syringe

needle


From technology to the complete prototype system

for in vitro micro nail array recording & stimulation

• Process development for nails• CMOS design• Packaging• System setup


Cellular responses

Increased actin concentrationaround nails ENGULFMENT

Axon guidance due to nail spacing CELL TAXIS


Localized neuronal stimulation

DF/F0

DF/F0

Overview









From micro-level in-vitro to in-vivo…

Sensing and steering individual neurons will enablethe coupling of prostheses to the human nervous system


From micro-level in-vitro to in-vivo… and back to in-

vitro: the scary part

V2.0

Will the data centersof the future looklike this?


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Artist Design July 6 , 2010 · SAM PLL Cross linker Enzyme ASIC Neuroprobe PCB ... TSMC 0.18 µm...

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