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Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and...

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Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense emotion and artistic individuality .
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Page 1: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

ArtistsrebelledagainstthestrictrulesandtechniquesimposedbyNeoclassicism.

Theybeganastylethatreliedmoreonintenseemotionandartisticindividuality.

Page 2: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

�  ThetermRomanticappearstohaveoriginatedfromlate-medievalnarrativesinwhichtheadventuresofalegendaryheroplayedout.

�  Bythemid–18thcentury,RomanticismdepictedimagesofthenaturalEnglishgardenwithwindingwalks,pools,andgroves.StoriesofKingArthur,Merlin,theKnightsoftheRoundTable,etcwerecommonsubjects.

�  Romanticismhasastronginterestinthesublime–meaning“ofthemostdistinguishedbyimpressivequalityastoinspireaweorwonder;abovetheordinary.Thesublimecontainselementsofpain,terror,majesty,andaboveallawebeforetheunknownandtheunknowable–incontrastwithrulesofbeautyfromClassicalidealism.

Page 3: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 4: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

�  Developedacultofnatureworship.�  ElevatedEmotionaboveIntellect(Neoclassicism);Content(whatit

meant)aboveForm,Design(Howitlooked);ColouraboveLine;Intuition,PassionaboveAnalyticallogic,Judgement.

�  NeoclassicismlookedtoPoussin,RaphaelandantiqueClassicalRomanart.

�  RomanticismpreferredtheBaroque–Rubens,Rembrandt;theMiddleAge;TheEast–Orient;andAfrica–theexotic.

�  OpposedDavid’sandIngres’strictintellectual,cool,analyticalrules.�  Politically,sidedwiththerevolutionarieswhopushedforequalityand

fairness.�  Theywereanti-rich,anti-monarchy,anti-totalitarianism,anti-

Academy,anti-Napoleon,anti-AgeofReason.Theywere“pro-people”,pro-democracy.

�  WasanindividualnotpartoftheAcademy’ssystem.Therearenostylisticsimilaritiesonlysimilaritiesinattitude.

�  Livedintenselynotwisely.

Page 5: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• BegancareerastheappointedportraitpaintertoKingCharlesIV,ofSpain.

Page 6: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 7: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Afterasevereillness,hewasleftdeaf,bitter,isolatedandapessimisticman.

Goya

TheDisastersofWar,1810-14.ShowtheatrocitiescommittedbytheFrenchandSpanisharmiesduringtheinvasionofSpain.

Page 8: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

Goya:TheThirdofMay,1808,1814

• CommissionedbythegovernmentaftertheexpulsionoftheFrenchin1814.

• Powerful,emotionalSocialProtestpainting.

• Showstheslaughteringof5000SpanishpeoplebytheFrencharmyfortheirrebellionagainsttheirinvasion.

8’9”x13’7”

Page 9: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Noallegory–purelyphoto-journalisticfact.

• Thenightsceneislitwithasinglelampontheground,castingdramaticlight

• Thedarkchurchinbackgroundissymbolicofhowthelightofhumanityhadbeenextinguished.

• Bodiesprojecttowardus–Thelineofvictimsstretchoffintodistance.

• Maninwhite–armsoutstretched–recallsthecrucifixion.

• Colouremphasizestheevent’sviolence

• Diagonalmovementleadstobackground.

• Brushworkislooseandferocious

Page 10: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Laterworksofhorrificimagerydemonstratehismentalandemotionalstate.

Goya:SaturnDevouringHisChildren

Page 11: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

FounderofRomanticism

Page 12: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Acontemporaryevent–shipwreckthatcausedascandal.

• Agovernmentship–“TheMedusa”,carryingFrenchcoloniststoSenegal,Africa,sankoffthewestcoastduetotheincompetenceofthecaptain–apoliticalappointee.Thecaptain&crewwerethefirsttoabandonshiponlifeboats.Theyweretowingamakeshiftraftwith149passengers,thentheycutthetowropeleavingtheimmigrantsadriftfor12dayswithoutfoodordrinkablewater.Only15survived.

Gericault:TheRaftoftheMedusa,1818-19.16’x23.5’

Page 13: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Heinvestigatedtheeventlikeareporter.

• Heinterviewedsurvivorsandtheirtaleofstarvation,madnessandcannibalism.

• Hestudiedrottingbodiesinthemorgue,sketcheddecapitatedheadsofguillotinevictimsforaccuracy.

• Hebuiltamodelraftinhisstudio.

Gericault:Studiesfor“TheRaft”

Page 14: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

Gericault:Studyofseveredheads

Page 15: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Thepaintingshowshopeanddespairallatonce.

• Strongdiagonalmovementleadstothetopfigurewavingshirtatashipbarelyvisibleonthehorizon.

• Thepainting’sfamebrokethestrangle-holdgripoftheClassicalAcademy.Artwouldnowstressemotionratherthanintellect.

• LikemanyRomanticartistwholivedintensely,Gericaultdiedearly,at32-fromahorseridingaccident.

Gericault:TheRaftoftheMedusa,detail

Page 16: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• LeadershipfellontoDelacroixaftertheearlydeathofGericault.

LibertyLeadingthePeople,1830

• HeusedanallegoricalfigureofLiberty,holdingthetricolouredFrenchflag,leadingrevolutionariesinParis.

• Heglorifiesthecausebutalsodepictsthehorrorandviolenceofthefighting.• Allegoryblendswithrealityintheforegroundaction.

Page 17: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

DeathofSardanapalus,1827

• AtriptoAfricachangedhislife.Hebecamefascinatedbythecolourfulcostumesandcharacters.• Afterwards,hisworkwasfulloflushcolours,swirlingcurves,animalssuchaslions,tigers,andalsohorsestwistedinviolentcombat.

Page 18: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

MassacreatChios,1822-24

Page 19: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

TheLionHunt,1861

TheLionHunt,1616

Page 20: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

•  Photographicaccuracy•  Crisp,preciseline•  Portrayalisoneofrationalcontrol

•  Definesformthroughcolour•  Fluidbrushstrokes•  Figurecurveslikeaviolin•  Expressesemotionthroughgesture

Ingres:Paganini

Delacroix:Paganini

Page 21: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• AnEnglishpainterwhowasoneofthefirsttopaintoutdoors–“enplein-air”.Hepaintedbycloseobservationoflightandcolour–astronginfluenceonlaterImpressionistpainterslikeClaudeMonet.• Heestablishedlandscapepaintingasamajorgenre.• Naturewashissubject.Hispaintingswerepeacefulscenesofthecountryside.

Constable:TheHayWain,1821

Monet:Wheatstacks,1890

Page 22: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Hislandscapesreflectanintenseloveofnature.

• Hesimulatedshimmeringlightonsurfacesbyusingtinydabsofcolour

• Hisworkshowshismysticalfeelingofmanbeingatonewithnature–“thesublime”.

• Hisworkwasconsidered“coarseandrough”byhiscontemporaries.TheHayWain,1821

Page 23: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 24: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

SunRisingthroughvapour–FishermenCleaningandSellingFish,1807

• BeganpaintinglandscapessimilartoConstable.• Hislaterstyleevolvedandinfluencedfuturegenerationsoflandscapeartists.• Hisearlyworkexploredtheeffectsoflightonobjects.

Page 25: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Hisworksshowsalovefordramaticsubjectslikestorms,andfires–especiallyrawnature.

• Heaimedatevokingaweintheviewerbyrepresentingthepowerofnatureandman’sstrugglesagainstherelements.

Turner:SnowStorm:SteamboatoffaHarbour’sMouth,1824

Page 26: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Hislaterstylebecamemoreabstractasheattemptedtomakecoloursinspirefeelings.

• Swirlingcompositionsofcolourandlightwerethefirst“non-representational”painting,althoughhehadasubjectinmind.

• Colour,lightandmovementarethesubject–anideathatwouldinfluenceabstractartistsandImpressionistslikeMonet.

Turner:Rain,SteamandSpeed–TheGreatWesternRailway,1844

Page 27: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• AGermanRomanticpainter.• PaintedpoeticlandscapesofNatureasaCathedraltoexpressthespiritualityoftheforest–trulySublime.

Friedrich:AbbeyGraveyardundersnow,1809-10

Page 28: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 29: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

�  ThenameRealismappliedtotheartmovementduringthe1840s.ItcoexistedwithNeoclassicismandRomanticism.

�  Asartists,theRealistswereagainstrenderinganycontemporaryevent,militaryorpolitical,inwhichtheartisthadnotactuallytakenpart–forthisthen,historyhadnoartisticimportance.

�  WhatconcernedRealistartistswasthe“now”,the“observable”notfromone’simagination.Hence,thepublicdidnotfavourtheirwork.

�  Realistartistssoughtjusticefortheworkingclass.�  TheirworkwasregularlyrefusedbytheAcademyfordisplayatartexhibitions.They,therefore,organizedanexhibitionoftheirowncalled“SalondesRefusées”(ExhibitionofRefusedArt)inatentnexttotheAcademy.

�  Today,theworkoftheRealistsseemsconservative–greenfoliage,blueskies,brownearthandcommoneverydaysubjects.

Page 30: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

Bonheur:TheHorseFair,1853

• “Thepainterofanimals”.

• Herworkreflectsherconstantstudyofanimalsthroughdrawings.

• Everydetailinherworkistreatedequallywithoutembellishment.

Page 31: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 32: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 33: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 34: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

Daumier:ThirdClassCarriage,1862

• Portrayedworkingclasspassengersinadignifiedmanner.

• Thepaintingillustrateshowthecommonpeoplewerecrammedintotraincarriageslikesardines.

Page 35: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

Daumier:Past,PresentFuture

• Hiscaricaturesofpoliticalleadersandthewealthyillustratedtheirpomposity,arroganceandcorruption.

• Heusedartasaphotojournalistwoulddepicteventstoday.• Thisscenedepictsanincidentafteraninsurrectioninwhichalltheinhabitantsofaworking-classhousewerebutcheredaftershotswerefiredatasoldier. Daumier:RueTransnonain,April15,1834

Page 36: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Dedicatedhislifetopaintingpeasantswhoseconnectiontothesoilonwhichtheytoiled,hefoundareligiousquality.

• Hispaintingselevatedtheportrayalofthepeasantfromsimpleandstupid,topiousanddivine.

• Thereisnoglorification–justabsoluterealismincolour,formandsimplicityoftheirback-breakinglabour.TheSower,1850

Page 37: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

TheAngelus,1857

Page 38: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

TheGleaners,1857

Page 39: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Paintedlandscapesinanaturalandobjectivestyle,capturingthequalityofaparticularplaceataparticularmoment.

• Hiscolourswerenatural,almostmonochromatic.

TheBridgeatNantes,1868

OldBridgeatLimay,1870

Page 40: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense
Page 41: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Achampionofworking-classrightsandideas.

TheStoneBreakers,1849

Page 42: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Historypainting• Asceneheexperiencedhimselfofafriend’sfuneral–simple,dignifiedpeasants.

Page 43: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

• Partofthefirstone-manshowatthePavilionofRealism,afterhisworkwasrefusedbytheAcademyforexhibition.• Courbetisshownatworkonalandscapeatcentre–insteadoffromthesideandnotvisible,ashadVelasquezandGoya.• Thenude,representingTruth,looksapprovingly.Totheleft,issociety’sbest,worst,andaverage.Totherightispoet,criticBaudelaire,amongfriendsreadingabook.

Page 44: Artists rebelled against the strict rules and techniques ... rebelled against the strict rules and techniques imposed by Neoclassicism. They began a style that relied more on intense

Courbet

Goya

Velasquez


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