Arts Form of South India

8/17/2019 Arts Form of South India

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CHAPTER TOPIC PAGE N

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

INTODUCTION

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

METHEDOLOGY

1 Topics of Stu !" O#$%cti&%s of Stu !' N(tu)% of Stu !* R%s%()c+ D%si,-

T!p% of D(t(

ANALYSIS / INTERPRETATION

.1 Li0it(tio-

." Fi- i-,s

.* Co-c usio-

2I2ILOGRAPHY

ANNE3URES

14

164

18

"'49

984

7


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INTRODUCTION

I- i( is t+% o- ! cou-t)! :it+ t+% (),%st (- 0ost i&%)s%

0i;tu)% of t)( itio- (- cu tu)%. T+% f(sci-(ti-, -(tio- is so %-tici-, :+%)% t+%

%;otic 0o-u0%-ts (- %-c+(-ti-, %sti-(tio-s sp%(< &o u0%s (#out t+% t)( itio-

(- cu tu)% of I- i(- p%op %. I- i( is +o0% to 0(-! of t+% fi-%st cu tu)( s!0#o s

of t+% :o) :+ic+ i-c u %s t%0p %s= c+u)c+%s= 0os>u%s= fo)ts= p%)fo)0i-, ()ts=

c (ssic( (-c%s= scu ptu)%s= p(i-ti-,s= ()c+it%ctu)%= it%)(tu)% %tc.= So0% of t+%

p)%sti,ious (- sp%ct(cu () Wo) H%)it(,% Sit%s i- I- i( ()% t+% H(0pi=?+($u)(+o= c(&%s of A$(-t( (- E o)(= ?o-()< Su- T%0p %= T($ M(+( = (-

2)i+( %s:()( T%0p % i- T(-$o)%. T+% cu tu)% of I- i( is o-% of t+% o %st i- t+%

:o) :+ic+ is )ic+ (- i&%)s%. Cu tu)% is %&%)!t+i-, i- ( p()ticu () soci%t! (-

I- i(- cu tu)% is -o %(s! co0posit% of &()!i-, st! %s (- i-f u%-c%s. I- i(- cu tu)%

:(s 0o % t+)ou,+out &()ious %)(s of +isto)!. It is ( 0% %! of (0(@i-,

i&%)siti%s (- st()t i-, co-t)( ictio-s= #ut (#o&% ( = it )%p)%s%-ts t+% 0u tif(c%t%

(sp%cts of I- i( (s ( :+o %. I- i( is t+% #i)t+p (c% of )%-o:-% 8" )% i,io-s suc+ (s

Hi- uis0= Si


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V%)! f%: cou-t)i%s i- t+% :o) +(&% suc+ (- (-ci%-t (- i&%)s% cu tu)% (s I- i(.

I- i(Bs cu tu)( +isto)! of s%&%)( t+ous(- !%()s s+o:s t+(t t+% su#t % #ut st)o-,

t+)%( of u-it! :+ic+ )u-s t+)ou,+ t+% i-fi-it% 0u tip icit! of +%) if%= :(s -ot

:o&%- #! st)%ss o) p)%ssu)% of po:%) ,)oups= #ut t+% &isio- of s%%)s= t+% &i,i ofs(i-ts= t+% sp%cu (tio- of p+i osop+%)s (- t+% i0(,i-(tio- of po%ts (- ()tists= (-

t+(t t+%s% ()% t+% o- ! 0%(-s :+ic+ c(- #% us% to 0(u( it! of I- i(- ()t is its p)%occup(tio- :it+ t+i-,s

of t+% spi)it.

A)t i- I- i( i -ot (i0 (t o#$%cti&% p)%s%-t(tio- of t+% +u0(- o) soci( f(c%ts of

if%. It :(s p)i0()i ! t+% f)uit of t+% ()tistBs c)%(ti&% 0% it(tio- (- %ffo)t to p)o$%ct

s!0#o s of i&i-% )%( it! (s co-c%i&% (- u- %)stoo #! t+% co %cti&%

co-scious-%ss of t+% p%op % (s ( :+o %. It is ( &(st= u-%- i-, soci( (- )% i,ious

%- %(&o) of %&ot%%s to %pict t+% fo)0s of t+% ,o s (- ,o %ss%s t+%!

:o)s+ipp% . A-! tou)ist %si)ous of u- %)st(- i-, t+% )%( si,-ific(-c% of I- i(-

()t s+ou #% p)%p()% p(ti%-t ! to ,o to t+% %-,t+ (- #)%( t+ (- s(&o) %%p of

t+% s!0#o ic 0%(-i-,s t+(t 0(


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A,)(:( ( 1579 %-u0%)(t%s fou) % %0%-ts of I- i(- ()t fo) its t+%0%= -(0% != t+%

i&i-% p)i-cip %s= t+% cos0os i- its t:o fo 0(-if%st(tio- of ,oo (- %&i = 0(-

(- t+% 0(t%)i( :o) . T+% I- us V( %! p%op % :%)% p)o ific i- t+% ()ts of +ous%4

#ui i-,= sto-% (- c (! st(tu()!= #)o-@%4c(sti-,= 0(


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T+%)% :(s ( ,)(- upsu),% of t+% -(tio-( ()t u)i-, t+% ,o %- (,% of t+% Gupt(

%0p%)o)s. Gupt( ()t is #%(utifu i- #ot+ its out%) fo)0 (- its i--%) i-spi)(tio-.

2%(ut! (- &i)tu% si%&% (s t+% i %( s of t+% (,%. T+% #%st %;(0p %s of Gupt(

i0(,%s ()% t+% st(- i-, 2u +(Bs f)o0 M(t+u)( (- t+% s%(t% 2u +( % i&%)i-,t+% fi)st s%)0o- (t S()-(t+. Pott%)! co-stitut% (- %>u( ! -ot%:o)t+! p()t of t+%

()tistic p)o uctio-s of t+% Gupt( (,%. T+% 0(st%) pi%c% :o)co0p)is%s t+% ,)oup of t%0p %s (t 2( (0i (- Ai+o %. 2ot+ t+% scu ptu)% (-

()c+it%ctu)% of t+% u( f(ci it!. N( (- ( :(s its ,)%(t%st (- 0ost (cti&% c%-t)%

u)i-, t+% 5t+ (- 16t+ c%-tu)i%s. T+% ?+($u)(+o ,)oups of t%0p %s :%)% %)%ct%

u- %) t+% p(t)o-(,% of t+% C+%- % (


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T+% ()t of 0%t( c(sti-, ( :(!s )%c%i&% ,)%(t (tt%-tio- i- I- i( (- is of t+%

+i,+%st (-ti>uit!. T+% sout+%)- sc+oo of I- i(- #)o-@%s= :+ic+ f ou)is+% #%t:%%-

t+% t%-t+ (- t+i)t%%-t+ c%-tu)i%s= :(s of suc+ (%st+%tic >u( it! (- c)%(ti&%

(#u- (-c% t+(t it is )%,() % (s )%p)%s%-ti-, t+(t ()t (t its #%st. O-% of t+% ,)%(tc)%(tio-s of I- i(- ()t is S+i&( N(t()($(. I- i(- p(i-ti-, +(s ( +isto)! of o&%) t:o

t+ous(- !%()s (- p)%s%-ts ( co0p)%+%-si&% )%co) of t+% )% i,ious (- %0otio-(

if% of t+% p%op %.

T+% ()t of p(i-ti-, :(s :i % ! cu ti&(t% i- t+% Gupt( p%)io (- is #%st


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It i0p i%s t+(t :+(t is t)( itio-( is ( :(!s :o)t+ co-s%)&i-,. T+% t)( itio- i- fo <

()t )%f %cts t+% co-ti-uous p (! of i-% (- co o) :+ic+ is -(ti&% to t+% 0i- of

I- i(

Au)o#i- o G+os+ poi-t% out t+(t A I- i(- ()t is ( t+)o:i-, out of ( c%)t(i-

p)ofou- s% f4&isio- fo)0% #! ( ,oi-, :it+i- to fi- out t+% s%c)%t si,-ific(-c% of

fo)0 (- (pp%()(-c%= ( isco&%)! of t+% su#$%ct i- o-%Bs %%p%) 51 s% f. I- t+%

:o) s of P)(- N(t+ M(,o A)tists :%)% )(:- to fo


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t+(t +(&% ,o-% i-to t+% 0o i-, of t+% (%st+%tic s%-siti&%-%ss of t+% p%op %. A

co0p)%+%-si&% (pp)o(c+ is -%c%ss()! to u- %)st(- (- i %-tif! t+% 0(-!

%;(0p %s of I- i(Bs p(st ()t t+(t su)&i&% (- co-ti-u% i-to I- i(Bs +isto)ic(

p)%s%-t. T+% ()t of D+u ic+it)( ( fo)0 of p(i-ti-, :it+ po: %)s = (s o-% of t+%0(-! %;(0p %s= c(- #% p (c% i- its cu tu)( s%tti-, to (! (s ( co-ti-uit! of ( ,)%(t

t)( itio- of t+% p(st C iffo) To-%s= 1581 .

Sout+ I- i( is t+% ()%( %-co0p(ssi-, I- i(- st(t%s of A- +)( P)( %s+= ?()-(t(

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I- i(- A)t co-sists of ( &()i%t! of ()t fo)0s= i-c u i-, p (stic ()ts %.,.= pott%)! (-

scu ptu)% = &isu( ()ts %.,.= c(&% p(i-ti-,s = (- t%;ti % ()ts %.,.= :o&%- si < .

G%o,)(p+ic( != it sp(-s t+% %-ti)% I- i(- su#co-ti-%-t= i-c u i-, :+(t is -o:

I- i(= P(


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sitti-, positio- :it+ t+% u( to t+(t #%t:%%- t+% %()t+ (- t+% -(&% .

I- ( si0i () :(! t+% ist(-c% #%t:%%- t+% outst)%tc+% )i,+t ()0 to t+% outst)%tc+%

%ft ()0 #%co0%s %>u( to t+% ist(-c% #%t:%%- t+% +%( (- t+% f%%t= t+us

)%p)%s%-ti-, t+% N(t!(pu)us+( = t+% %0#o i0%-t of if% (- c)%(tio-.T+%

P%)fo)0i-, ()t )(-,% f)o0 &oc( (- i-st)u0%-t( 0usic (-c% (- t+%(t)% to

p(-to0i0%. T+% cu tu)% i- I- i( ( t+ou,+ i&%)s% (- &()i% = sti #i- s t+% cou-t)!

to,%t+%) i- so0% fo)0 of co00o- i %-tific(tio-. T+% ()t fo)0s +(&% p (!% (

)%0()


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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

ART OF INDIA: PREHISTORY TO THE PRESENT

2Y FREDERIC? M. ASHER

Fo) t+% ,%-%)( )%( %) (s :% (s t+% sp%ci( ist= t+is is ( &( u(# % co0p(-io- to t+%

&isu( +%)it(,% of I- i(= st)%tc+i-, f)o0 '666 2.C. to t+% p)%s%-t.

It -ot o- ! ,i&%s ( +isto)ic( o&%)&i%: of t+% %&o utio- of I- i(- ()t i- (

c+)o-o o,ic( o) %) 4 co&%)i-, t+% p%)io s of (-ci%-t


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Indian Art and Aesthetics: Endeavors in Interpretation

2! M()uti N(- (- Ti:()i (- ?(0( Gi)i

I- i(- ()t )%f %cts t+% i-ti0(t% )% (tio-s+ip of i %(s (- if% ( o-, :it+ 0(t%)i( (-spi)itu( :o) = %;p)%ss% t+)ou,+ iff%)%-t &isu( fo)0s i- scu ptu)% p(i-ti-, (-

()c+it%ctu)%. T+is #oo< (i0s (t p)%s%-ti-, &()ious s+( %s of I- i(- ()t i- (

+isto)ic( p%)sp%cti&% (- co-t(i-s -ot o- ! t+% u-pu# is+% 0(t%)i( #ut ( so t+%

(-( !s%s (- f)%s+ i-t%)p)%t(tio-s o- iff%)%-t (sp%cts of I- i(- ()t i-c u i-,

2u +ist (- (i-( ico-o,)(p+!= (%st+%tics (- ()t (pp)%ci(tio- (- p(i-ti-,. T+%

iscussio-s o- t+% I- i(- $( %4c()&i-,= )()% !o,i-i= Vis&()up( (- Vis+-u i0(,%s

()% ( so si,-ific(-t. T+% p)%s%-t &o u0% t+us (i0s (t ocu0%-ti-, (- (-( !@i-,

so0% of t+% i&i-, (- p(st t)( itio-s of I- i(- ()t. P)ofus% ! i ust)(t% = t+% #oo<

:i #% %>u( ! us%fu fo) t+% sc+o ()s= )%s%()c+%)s (- ( ot+%)s i-t%)%st% i- t+%

()t +%)it(,% of I- i(.

P)of. M()uti N(- (- Ti:()i is t+% H%( of t+% D%p()t0%-t of Histo)! of A)t=

2(-()(s Hi- u U-i&%)sit!. H% i +is P+.D. i- (i-( Ico-o,)(p+! (- +(s :o)


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India: Art and Culture

India: Art and Culture 1300–1900 is ( t)i#ut% to t+% )ic+ (- &()i% cu tu)% of I- i(

(s )%p)%s%-t% i- t+% (t%) ()t of t+% su#co-ti-%-t= (ti-, f)o0 t+% fou)t%%-t+

t+)ou,+ t+% -i-%t%%-t+ c%-tu)!. Co0p)%+%-si&% i- its co-c%ptu( f)(0%:o)


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Facets o Indian Culture

2! Vi !( Aut+o) =R. Aut+o) =R($( )(0 Aut+o) =?( p(-( Aut+o)

A f(c%t of I- i(- Cu tu)% is ( co0p)%+%-si&% ,ui % o- I- i(- cu tu)% fo) c(- i (t%s p)%p()i-, fo) &()ious co0p%titi&% %;(0i-(tio-s. I- ( itio-= t+% #oo< co0p)is%s of

c+(pt%)s o- )% i,io- (- p+i osop+!= 0usic= (-c%= t+%(t%) (- ci-%0(= ()t (-

()c+it%ctu)% (- (-,u(,% (- it%)(tu)%. I- ( itio-= t+% #oo< co-sists of s%&%)(

so &% (- u-so &% >u%stio-s fo) t+o)ou,+ p)(ctic% (- )%&isio-. T+is #oo< is

%ss%-ti( fo) c(- i (t%s p)%p()i-, fo) t+% Ci&i S%)&ic%s (- ot+%) suc+

%;(0i-(tio-s.

Classical Dances !Incredi"le India# $aper"ac% & '(()

2! So-( M(-si-,+

D(-c% i- I- i( +(s #%%- %%0% s(c)% #%c(us% of its i--(t% c(p(cit! to &isu( is%

(- (ctu( is% t+% %%p%st p+i osop+ic( co-c%pts t+)ou,+ ,%stu)%s= 0o&%0%-ts (-

t+% ()t of su,,%stio-. I00% i(t% co %cti&% t)(-sc%- %-c% is possi# % o- ! t+)ou,+

(-c% :+%- t+% (-c%) is(pp%()s (- 0% ts (:(! i- t+% (-c% (- :+%- t+%

(u i%-c% is t)(-spo)t% to t+% )%( 0 of )(s( s)is+ti = t+% pu)% (%st+%tic % i,+t. A-!

(tt%0pt to t)(-sc)i#% (- %sc)i#% (-c% t+)ou,+ :o) s is #ou- to )%0(i-

i-co0p %t% (s (-c% is ( &isu( ()t. I- I- i( it +(s s(t (top ( p!)(0i of &()ious ()tfo)0s :+ic+ +(&% +( (- o)( (- :)itt%- +isto)!. As (-c% i- I- i( f)%% ! us%s

it%)()! (- po%tic :o)


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i-t)ic(t% ! c()&% scu ptu)%s o- t%0p %4:( s +(&%


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A *outhern +usic: The ,arnati% *tor-

2! T.M. ?)is+-(

W)itt%- #! o-% of t+% p)i-cip( ?()-(ti< &oc( ists of t+is (! (- (,%= A Sout+%)-Music T+% ?()-(ti< Sto)! is ( co+%)%-t (- p(ssio-(t% (ccou-t of t+% fo)0=

+isto)! (- p)o# %0s of t+% ?()-(ti< 0usic i- ust)!.

T. M. ?)is+-( #)i-,s !ou +is co0p% i-, i-t%)p)%t(tio- of t+% t)( itio-s (-

custo0s i-&o &% :it+ t+% ()t of ?()-(ti< 0usic= st()ti-, f)o0 t+% 0ost

fu- (0%-t( (sp%ct of %fi-i-, 0usic.

Co00u-ic(ti-, to 0usici(-s= 0usico o,ists (s :% (s t+% co00o- 0(-= ?)is+-(

fu)-is+%s !ou :it+ ( #)%(t+t(


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+asterpieces o Traditional Indian Architecture

2! S(tis+ G)o&%)

A 0(st%)pi%c% of T)( itio-( I- i(- A)c+it%ctu)% t(


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*outh Indian $aintin.s

2! A.L. D( (picco (

T+% #oo< su00()i@%s po itic( (- ()tistic %&% op0%-ts i- t+% su#co-ti-%-t #%t:%%- 1 66 A.D. (- 1566 A.D. (- p)o&i %s ( #)i%f su)&%! of Sout+ I- i(-

p(i-ti-, f)o0 t+% 0% i%&( p%)io o-:() s. T+% 2)itis+ Mus%u0 +o s ( 0($o)

co %ctio- of 0o)% t+(- ( t+ous(- Sout+ I- i(- p(i-ti-,s= :+ic+ ()% %sc)i#%

+%)%. R(-,i-, f)o0 t+% 18t+ c%-tu)! to t+% %() !4"6t+ c%-tu)!= t+%s% p(i-ti-,s

)%p)%s%-t ( :i % &()i%t! of t+%0%s (- t%c+-i>u%s #ut o- ! ( f%: %;(0p %s +(&%

#%%- pu# is+% #%fo)%. I- t+is #oo


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+ET/ODOLO01

234 TO$IC OF *TUD1

T+is R%s%()c+ is ( %t(i % stu ! of5ART FOR+* OF *OUT/ INDIA AND

IT* I+$ACT ON TOURI*+63

W+(t is ()t A)t is (- %;p)%ssio- of ( c+()(ct%)istics of t+% +u0(- 0i-

(%st+%tic( ! . T+%s% c+()(ct%)istics= i.%. t+% &()i% +u0(- %0otio-s= ()%


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D%co)(ti-, o-%Bs s% f A)t )%f %cts +u0(- %0otio-s (- +u0(- #%i-,s

spo-t(-%ous ! %;p)%ss t+%i) f)(0% of 0i- t+)ou,+ &()ious ()t fo)0s. T+us t+%

i-t% %ctu( 0i- 0%),%s :it+ t+% ()tistic st)%(


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t%c+-i>u%s p%)t(i-i-, to t+% ()t fo)0s.

L%ctu)%4 %0o-st)(tio-s o- I- i(- C (ssic( D(-c%s t)(c% t+% +isto)! (-

%&o utio- of I- i(- D(-c% f)o0 2+()(t Mu-iBs N(t!(s+(st)( to t+% p)%s%-t ti0%.

23' O78ECTIVE* OF *TUD1

To %0o-st)(t% ?-o: % ,% (- U- %)st(- i-, of T+%o)%tic( #(sis

of t+% A)t Fo)0s of Sout+ I- i( o- t+% #(sis of O)i,i-= ( p()t of

Cu tu)% to:() s t+% Cou-t)!= &()i%ti%s of st! %s= %&% op0%-ts (-

i %(s.To %&% op R%c%pti&%-%ss to p%)fo)0i-, ()ts fo)0 (c)oss ti0%=

cu tu)% (- p%)c%i&% t+% si,-ific(-c% of ()t fo)0s (s (- i-t%,)( p()t

of if%.To u- %)st(- ( %t(i % Stu ! of V()ious A)t Fo)0s i- Sout+ I- i(.To fi- t+% ()t fo)0s (- its i0p(ct o- tou)is0 i- sout+ I- i(A-( !@% t+% p)%s%-t sc%-()io of 0usic (- (-c%.

232NATURE OF *TUD1

A)t is ( &%)! p)%cious +%)it(,% i- t+% cu tu)% of ( p%op %. It is 0o)% so i- I- i(=

:+%)% t+% sto)! of ()t is (s o (s t+% +isto)! of t+% )(c%4 ( p(-o)(0( of fi&%

t+ous(- !%()s. T+% %ss%-ti( >u( it! of I- i(- ()t is its p)%occup(tio- :it+ t+i-,s

of t+% spi)it. A)t i- I- i( i -ot (i0 (t o#$%cti&% p)%s%-t(tio- of t+% +u0(- o)

soci( f(c%ts of if%. It :(s p)i0()i ! t+% f)uit of t+% ()tistBs c)%(ti&% 0% it(tio- (-

%ffo)t to p)o$%ct s!0#o s of i&i-% )%( it! (s co-c%i&% (- u- %)stoo #! t+%

co %cti&% co-scious-%ss of t+% p%op % (s ( :+o %. It is ( &(st= u-%- i-, soci( (-

)% i,ious %- %(&o) of %&ot%%s to %pict t+% fo)0s of t+% ,o s (- ,o %ss%s t+%!

20


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:o)s+ipp% . A-! tou)ist %si)ous of u- %)st(- i-, t+% )%( si,-ific(-c% of I- i(-

()t s+ou #% p)%p()% p(ti%-t ! to ,o to t+% %-,t+ (- #)%( t+ (- s(&o) %%p of

t+% s!0#o ic 0%(-i-,s t+(t 0(


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D(t( fo) t+% )%s%()c+ +(&% #%%- co %ct% f)o0 #ot+ p)i0()! (- s%co- ()! sou)c%s

(- t+)ou,+ fi% 4&isits.

P)i0()! D(t( A- %;p%)t opi-io- stu ! +(s #%%- co- uct% t+)ou,+ focus% ,)oup

i-t%)&i%:s= o-%4to4o-% i-t%)&i%:s (- )%f%)%-c% ,)oup i-t%)&i%:s. T+% )%s%()c+ is

#(s% o- i-fo)0(tio- ,(t+%)% t+)ou,+ %su%stio--(i)% co-sisti-, of "6

st(t%0%-ts issu%s. T+% i-st)u0%-t :(s %si,-% usi-, ( fi&%4poi-t sc( % to % icit

opi-io-s of %;p%)ts. T+% (t( ,(t+%)% :(s su#s%>u%-t ! (-( !s% .

S%co- ()! D(t( T+% )%s%()c+%) +(s co %ct% (t( f)o0 ( -u0#%) of s%co- ()!

sou)c%s. Pu# is+% :o)


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ANAL1*I* AND INTER$RETATION

T+% stu ! of (-ci%-t (- 0% i%&( ()t (- ()c+it%ctu)% %0%),% (s ( -(sc%-t pu)suit

(#outt:o c%-tu)i%s (,o.I- t+% (t% %i,+t%%-t+ (- t+)ou,+ ( 0($o) p()t of t+%

-i-%t%%-t+ c%-tu)!= it,)%: out of ( uiti%s (s cu)iositi%s= (s ( 0i)(# %J+(- ic)(fts=B (s 0!st%)ious J0o-st)ositi%s=B

(- (#o&% ( = (s J()tif(ctsB o) sou)c%s of p(st +isto)i%sof ( cou-t)! t+%- co o-i@%

#! t+% 2)itis+. T+%s%o#$%cti&%s s%t t+% to-% fo) (- %t%)0i-% t+%0%t+o s ( opt%

i- t+% stu ! of I- i(-()c+(%o o,! (- ()t +isto)! u)i-, t+% -i-%t%%-t+(- %() !

%c( %s of t+% t:%-ti%t+ c%-tu)!. D%spit% t+% 0()


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I-iti( != t+%s% ()t fo)0s :%)% us% (s 0% iu0 of p)op(,(tio- fo) )% i,io- (-

soci( )%fo)0s i- :+ic+ 0usic (- (-c% :%)% i-co)po)(t% to ,(i- popu ()it!.

F)o0 t+% V% ic %)( to t+% 0% i%&( p%)io = t+% p%)fo)0i-, ()ts )%0(i-% (-

i0po)t(-t sou)c% of % uc(ti-, t+% 0(ss%s. T+% V% (s (i o:- p)%cis% )u %s fo)t+% c+(-ti-, of V% ic +!0-s. E&%- t+% pitc+ (- t+% (cc%-t of si-,i-, iff%)%-t

+!0-s +(&% #%%- p)%sc)i#% . T+%)% :(s 0o)% of %;%0p ()! p)%s%-t(tio- t+)ou,+

t+%0 t+(- % uc(tio- o) soci( )%fo)0s. P)%s%-t != t+%s% ()t fo)0s +(&% #%co0%

0%(-s of %-t%)t(i-0%-t fo) p%op % ( o&%) t+% :o) .

LIVIN0 CULTURE

A custo0()! p)%s%-t(tio- of sout+ I- i(- cu tu)% )% (t% it 0(i- ! to ( stu ! of

()ts :it+i- t+% t)( itio- #ou- p()(0%t%)s of st! %s= c+)o-o o,! o) sc+oo s. I-

co-s%>u%-c%s t+% c)%(ti&it! i-+%)%-t i- t+% cu tu)% (- t+)o# of if% (s it c%-t)(

0%t(p+o) t%- to ,%t i-to #(cuit%

24


27/81

0%(-i-,fu ! :it+ t+% c (ssic( t)( itio-s. E&%- u- %) (- i-c%ss(-t p)%ssu)% of

0o %)-it! (- = %co-o0ic( ! sp%(


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it%)()!sou)c%s. T+% +isto)! of ()t (- p(i-ti-, i- I- i( #%,i-s :it+ t+% p)%4+isto)ic

)oc< p(i-ti-, (t 2+i0#%t


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T+ou,+ o- ! ( s0( p()t )%0(i-s of t+%s% p(i-ti-,s #ut t+%! %pict ( c)o: %

:o) of Go s (- ,o %ss%s s%0i i&i-% #%i-, i


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Usu( ! )ic% po: %) is us% fo) t+%s% p(i-ti-,s #ut co ou)% po: %) o) f o:%)

p%t( s ()% ( so us% to 0(


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P(i-ti-,s 0( % #! t+% upp%)= 0o)% (ff u%-t c (ss%s()% co o)fu :+i % t+os% 0( % #!

t+% o:%) c(st% p%op % us% )% (- # (c< i-% :o)u% of p(i-ti-, is

s(f% ! (- @%( ous ! ,u() % #! t+% :o0%- of t+% &i (,% to #%p(ss% o- #! t+%

0ot+%) to t+% (u,+t%).No:( (!s M( +u#(-i ()t is #%i-, us% (s %co)(ti&% ,iftit%0s= ,)%%ti-, c() s (- +(s#%co0% ( sou)c% of i-co0% fo) oc( :o0%- fo


32/81

T+% fi-%) %t(i s ()% (t%) o-% usi-, t+% p%-. T+is ()t :(s st()t% o- ,()0%-ts= #%

co&%)s (- cu)t(i-s. T+% ()tists us% ( #(0#oo o) (t% p( 0 stic< poi-t% (t o-% %-

:it+ ( #u- % of fi-% +(i) (tt(c+% to t+% ot+%) %- to s%)&% (s #)us+ o) p%-. T+%


33/81

0ond Art

A &%)! +i,+ ! sop+istic(t% (- (#st)(ct fo)0 of A)t :o)


34/81

0usici(-s t)(c% t+%i) %sc%-t to T(-s%-. Diff%)%-t st! %s of Hi- ust(-i 0usic ()%

D+)up( = D+(0()= T+u0)i= ?+(!( (- T(pp(. It is s(i t+(t T(-s%-Bs 0usic +(

t+% %ff%ct of 0(,ic. H% cou stop t+% )isi-, :(&%s of t+% Y(0u-( (- #! t+% fo)c%

of +is JM%,+ R(,B +% cou c(us% t+% )(i- to f( . I- f(ct +is 0% o ious so-,s ()%su-, i- %&%)! p()t of I- i( %&%- -o: :it+ ,)%(t i-t%)%st. So0% of A


35/81

p%)io ()% M(+( V(i !(-(t+ A!!() 18**45' = P(t-(0 Su#)(0(-i(- A!!() 8 *4

156" (- R(0-( S)i-i&(s( !%-,() 89641515 . F ut%= &%%-(= -( (s:()(0=

0)i (-,(0= ,+(t(0 ()% so0% of t+% i-st)u0%-ts to (cco0p(-! C()-(tic 0usic.

D%spit% co-t)(sti-, f%(tu)%s #%t:%%- Hi- ust(-i (- C()-(tic 0usic= o-% c(- fi-so0% si0i ()iti%s= fo) %;(0p %= t+% C()-(tic ( (p(-( is si0i () to ( (p i- Hi- ust(-i

c (ssic( . Ti (-( i- C()-(tic )%s%0# %s T()(-( of Hi- ust(-i. 2ot+ (! st)%ss o- t( (

o) t( (0.

FOL? MUSIC

2%si %s c (ssic( 0usic I- i( +(s ( )ic+ %,(c! of fo < o) popu () 0usic. T+is

0usic )%p)%s%-ts t+% %0otio- of t+% 0(ss%s. T+% si0p % so-,s ()% co0pos% to

0()< %&%)! %&%-t i- if%. T+%! 0(! #% f%sti&( s= ( &%-t of ( -%: s%(so-= 0())i(,%

o) #i)t+ of ( c+i . R($(st+(-i fo < so-,s suc+ (s M(- (- 2+(ti( of 2%-,( ()%

popu () ( o&%) I- i(. R(,i-i is ( popu () fo)0 of fo < so-,s of H()!(-(. Fo <

so-,s +(&% t+%i) sp%ci( 0%(-i-,s o) 0%ss(,%s. T+%! oft%- %sc)i#% +isto)ic(

%&%-ts (- i0po)t(-t )itu( s. ?(s+0i)Bs Gu )($ is usu( ! fo < o)% (- P(- !(-i of

M( +!( P)( %s+ is ( -())(ti&% put to 0usic. Mus i0s si-, So$


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co-si %)% ( )%&%)% )o!( ,u%st i- +is t%0p %= (- s+ou #% off%)% ( of t+%

si;t%%- +ospit( iti%s = (0o-, :+ic+ ()% 0usic (- (-c%. T+% si;t%%-

+ospit( iti%s p %(s% t+% s%-s%s.

T+% t%)0 c (ssic( S(-s


37/81

of %()t+ =Mo+i-i(tt(0 % %0%-t of (i) (- ?(t+(T+% 0o&%0%-ts of (- (ut+%-tic 2+()(t( N(t!(0 (-c%) )%s%0# % t+% 0o&%0%-ts

of ( (-ci-, f (0%. Co-t%0po)()! 2+()(t( N(t!(0 is )()% ! p)(ctic% (s Natya

Yoga = ( s(c)% 0% it(tio-( t)( itio-= %;c%pt #! ( f%: o)t+o o; sc+oo ss%%Yo,( (- (-c% .2+()(t( N(t!(0 p)op%) is ( so o (-c%= :it+ t:o

(sp%cts= (s!( = t+% ,)(c%fu f%0i-i-% i-%s (- 0o&%0%-ts= (- t(- (&( A-(- (

T+(- (&(0 T(0i t+% (-c% of S+i&( = 0(scu i-% (sp%ct.

I- 0ost so o p%)fo)0(-c%s= 2+()(t( N(t!(0 i-&o &%s 0(-! sp it c+()(ct%)s t+(t ()%

%pict% #! t+% (-c%). T+% (-c%) :i t(


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Mo+i-i!(tt(0 it%)( ! 0%(-s dan!e o" the en!hantress . T+%)% ()% t:o

(),u0%-ts o- t+% %t!0o o,! of t+is (-c% fo)0. O-% #%i-, t+% +isto)ic( i-%(,%

(- t+% ot+%) #%i-, t+% 0!t+o o,ic( i-%(,%. Acco) i-, to +isto)ic( i-%(,% it s(!s

t+(t si0i () to 0ost ot+%) c (ssic( (-c% fo)0s of I- i(= t+is (-c% fo)0 too :(s

o-c% p)(ctic% i- so0% of t+% t%0p %s i- I- i( (- :(s (t%) #)ou,+t out to t+%

co00o- (u i%-c% :+%)% it :%-t t+)ou,+ -u0%)ous st(,%s of c+(-,%s. T+%- t+%

0!t+ic( i-%(,% is %;p (i-% :it+ t:o sto)i%s of t+% Lo) Vis+-u is,uis% (s (

Mo+i-i. I- o-%= +% (pp%()s (s Mo+i-i to u)% t+%s(u)us %0o-s (:(! f)o0

t+%(0)it( -%ct() of i00o)t( it! o#t(i-% u)i-, t+% c+u)-i-, of t+% p( (@+i

oc%(- of 0i < (- s( t :(t%) .

I- t+% s%co- sto)! Vis+-u (pp%()s (s Mo+i-i to s(&% Lo) S+i&( f)o0 t+%

%0o- 2+(s0(su)( . T+% -(0% Mo+i-i!(tt(0 0(! +(&% #%%- coi-% (ft%) Lo)

Vis+-u t+% 0(i- t+%0% of t+% (-c% is o&% (- %&otio- to Go = :it+ usu( !

Vis+-u o) ?)is+-( #%i-, t+% +%)o. D%&( (sis us% to p%)fo)0 t+is i- t%0p %s. It

( so +(s % %0%-ts of ?oot+u (- ?otti!(tto0 . Mo+i-i!(tt(0 is ( )(0( i- (-c%

(- &%)s%.

?ATHA?ALI

?(t+(


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of t+% ?(t+(


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?uc+ipu i

?uc+ipu i is (- I- i(- c (ssic( (-c% o)i,i-(ti-, i- ?)is+-( ist)ict of A- +)(P)( %s+= I- i(= #ut popu () ( o&%) Sout+. Acco) i-, to %,%- = Ti)t+(

N()(!(-(!(ti= ( s(-!(si- of A &(itic p%)su(sio- (- +is iscip %= (- o)p+(- -(0%

Si +%- )( Yo,i fou- % t+% ?uc+ipu i (-c%4 )(0( t)( itio-. It :(s popu ()i@%

#! D). V%0p(ti C+i--( S(t!(0 (- 0(-! ot+%) (-c%)s.T+% p%)fo)0(-c% usu( !

#%,i-s :it+ st(,% )it%s. T+%-= %(c+ of t+% c+()(ct%)s co0%s o- t+% st(,% (-

i-t)o uc%s t+%0s% &%s :it+ ( +()(&u ( s0( co0positio- of #ot+ so-, (-

(-c%. T+% +()(&u i-t)o uc%s t+% i %-tit! of t+% c+()(ct%) (- s%ts t+% 0oo . T+%

)(0( t+%- #%,i-s. T+% (-c% is (cco0p(-i% #! so-,= t!pic( ! C()-(tic 0usic .

T+% si-,%) is (cco0p(-i% #! 0)i (-,(0 = &io i-= f ut% (- t+%t(0#u)( .

?%)( ( N(t(-(0

?%)( ( N(t(-(0 ?%)( ( D(-c% is ( -%: st! % of (-c% t+(t is -o: )%co,-i@% (s (

isti-ct ()t fo)0 %&o &% f)o0 ?(t+(


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?(t+(


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t%0p % t+%(t)%s of ?%)( (. It is t+% o- ! su)&i&i-, sp%ci0%- of t+% (-ci%-t S(-st+% )(0(ti@% (-c% :o)s+ip s%)&ic%s i- t%0p %s of (-ci%-t I- i(= p()ticu () !

T(0i (

%pi,)(p+s #% o-,i-, to su#s%>u%-t P( (&(= C+%)(= C+o ( p%)io s i- T(0i N( u.

I-sc)iptio-s )% (t% to t+% )(0(ti@% (-c% :o)s+ip s%)&ic%s i

:o)s+ip s%)&ic%s ( o-,si % t+% si-,i-, of t%&()(0 (- p)(#(- (0 +!0-s. T+%)%

()% 0%-tio-s i- %pi,)(p+s t+os% fo)0s of )(0(ti@% (-c% :o)s+ip s%)&ic%s t+(t

()% c( % (()i!(0 t+(t 0ost ! +( S(-sC+(

t!p% of +i,+ ! )%fi-% 0o-o o,u% :+%)% t+% p%)fo)0%) -())(t%s %piso %s

f)o0 Hi- u %pics suc+ (s t+% R(0(!(-( (- t+% M(+(#+()(t( (- sto)i%s f)o0

t+%Pu)(-(s . So0%ti0%s= +o:%&%)= it is ( so ( t)( itio-( %>ui&( %-t of t+%

0o %)- st(- 4up co0% ! (ct= i-co)po)(ti-, co00%-t()! o- cu))%-t socio4po itic(

%&%-ts (- p%)so-( co00%-ts i)%ct% (t t+% 0%0#%)s of t+% (u i%-c% .

?oot+u 0%(-s (-c% ... :+ic+ is ( 0is-o0%)= (s f(ci( %;p)%ssio-s ()%

%0p+(si@% (- t+%)% is 0i-i0( c+o)%o,)(p+! . It is p%)fo)0% i-

t+%?oot+(0#( (0 ( p (c% i-si % Hi- u t%0p %s sp%cific( ! %si,-% fo)

40

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Epicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puranashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-up_comedyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koothambalamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_theatrehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Epicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramayanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharatahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puranashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-up_comedyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koothambalam


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p%)fo)0i-, ?uti!(tt(0 (- C+(

i- co-$u-ctio- :it+ f%sti&( s= p)%s%-t% #! 0%0#%)s of t+% C+(

( o-, :it+ t+% A0#( (&(si N(0#i()s .

It is ( so o p%)fo)0(-c%= #! ( -())(to) i- ( isti-cti&% +%( ,%() (- # (c<

0oust(c+% :it+ +is to)so s0%()% :it+ s(- ( :oo p(st% (- )% ots ( o&%) t+%

#o !. T+% +%( ,%() )%s%0# %s s-(%it! of t+% t%0p %. H% t+%- ,o%s o- to -())(t% ( &%)s% i- S(-si-st)u0%-ts (cco0p(-! t+% p%)fo)0(-c% 4 ( 0i@+(&u (- ( p(i) of i (t+( (0 . T+isis iff%)%-t f)o0 t+% N(-,i() ?oot+u = :+ic+ is p%)fo)0% #! :o0%-

c( % N(-,!()(00(s :+o #% o-, to t+% N(0#i() c(st%= (- is ( 0o)% +i,+ !

)%fi-% t+%(t)% ()t. ?oot+u 0%(-s (-c% ... :+ic+ is ( 0is-o0%)= (s f(ci(

%;p)%ssio-s ()% %0p+(si@% (- t+%)% is 0i-i0( c+o)%o,)(p+! . It is p%)fo)0% i-

t+%?oot+(0#( (0 ( p (c% i-si % Hi- u t%0p %s sp%cific( ! %si,-% fo)

p%)fo)0i-, ?uti!(tt(0 (- C+(

i- co-$u-ctio- :it+ f%sti&( s= p)%s%-t% #! 0%0#%)s of t+% C+(

( o-, :it+ t+% A0#( (&(si N(0#i()s .It is ( so o p%)fo)0(-c%= #! ( -())(to) i- (

isti-cti&% +%( ,%() (- # (c< 0oust(c+% :it+ +is to)so s0%()% :it+ s(- ( :oo

41

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutiyattamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalavasi_Nambiarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadya&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlokahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizhavuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilathalamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangiar_Koothuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangyarammahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambiar_(Ambalavasi/Mizhavu)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koothambalamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutiyattamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalavasi_Nambiarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutiyattamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalavasi_Nambiarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gadya&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlokahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizhavuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilathalamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangiar_Koothuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangyarammahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambiar_(Ambalavasi/Mizhavu)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choreographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koothambalamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutiyattamhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakyarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalavasi_Nambiar


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p(st% (- )% ots ( o&%) t+% #o !. T+% +%( ,%() )%s%0# %s s-(4 ( 0i;tu)% of p)os% ,( !( (- po%t)! s+ o


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cou sp)i-, f)o0 ( c+i Bs p (!. T+% c+i %-(cts 0i0ics= (- c()ic(t%s :+ic+ :(s

%fi-it% ! t+% #%,i--i-, of )(0(. Si-c% %() ! ti0%s 0!t+o o,ic( sto)i%s of :()

#%t:%%- t+% ,o s= ,o %ss%s (- t+% %&i s is


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V(ts!(!(-Bs ?(0( sut)(= ?( i (s(Bs A#+i$-(- S+(


47/81

%i,+t%%-t+ c%-tu)! ( t+%(t)% :(s %st(# is+% i- C( cutt( #! (- E-, is+0(-. A

Russi(- -(0% Ho)(si0 L%#% %& fou- % ( 2%-,( i t+%(t)% :+ic+ 0()


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p(i-ti-, ( so= :(s t+% co0positio- of (! %&(Bs Git(4Go&i- ( i- t+% 1't+ c%-tu)!.

Its ,)%(t i0p(ct c(- #% s%%- o- (-c% (- )(0( fo)0s ( o&%) I- i( f)o0

M(-ipu) (- Ass(0 i- t+% %(st to Gu$()(t i- t+% :%st f)o0 M(t+u)( (- V)i- (&(-

i- t+% No)t+= to T(0i N( u (- ?%)( ( i- t+% Sout+... I--u0%)(# % co00%-t()i%s

o- t+% Git(Go&i- ( %;ist t+)ou,+out t+% cou-t)!. T+%)% ()% ( (),% -u0#%) of

0(-usc)ipts %( i-, :it+ t+% Git(4Go&i- ( (s 0(t%)i( fo) (-c% o) )(0( (- t+is

:o)< +(s #%%- t+% #(sic it%)()! t%;t us% #! 0(-! )%,io-( t+%(t)ic( t)( itio-s.

T+% sp)%( of V(is-(&is0 u)i-, t+is p%)io ,(&% fu)t+%) i0p%tus to t+%

%&% op0%-t of iff%)%-t fo)0s of (-c%= )(0( (- 0usic.

ARC/ITECTURE

A)c+it%ctu)% is -ot ( 0o %)- p+%-o0%-o-. It #%,(- (s soo- (s t+% %() ! c(&% 0(-

#%,(- to #ui +is o:- s+% t%) to i&% i-. M(- fi)st #%,(- to c)%(t% (- fi; +is o:-

s+% t%) :+%- +% st%pp% out f)o0 t+% -(tu)( +(#it(t of %-s% $u-, % co&%)s. Wit+

t+% ()tistic f(cu ti%s of 0(- (:(


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(c+i%&%0%-ts i- ( fi% s. M%,(st+%-%s= t+% G)%%< (0#(ss( o) of S% uc(s Ni


50/81

t%0p %s (t ?(-c+ipu)(0. T+% C+o (s #ui t 0(-! t%0p %s0ost f(0ous #%i-, t+%

2)i+( %s+:()( t%0p % (t T(-$o)%. T+% C+o (s %&% op% ( t!pic( st! % of t%0p %

()c+it%ctu)% of Sout+ I- i( c( % t+% D)(&i ( st! %= co0p %t% :it+vimana o)

shi#hara$ +i,+ :( s (- t+% ,(t%:(! topp% #! gopuram% M(,-ific%-t t%0p %s

:%)%#ui t (t 2% u)= H( %#i :+%)% t+% sto-% %-,)(&i-,s )%(c+% %&%- ,)%(t%)

+%i,+ts.

$RE*ENT *CENARIO OF T/E $ERFOR+IN0 ART*

P)%s%-t != ( t+% t+)%% ()t fo)0s i.%. (-c% 0usic (- )(0( ()% f ou)is+i-, i- t+%cou-t)!. S%&%)( 0usic i-stitutio-s i


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t+% :o) I- i(- ()tists ()% i-&it% to p%)fo)0 (- p()ticip(t% i- &()ious f%sti&( s.

V()ious (,%-ci%s i


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• I0p %0%-t(tio- of %ff%cti&% )%sou)c% 0(-(,%0%-t (- co-s%)&(tio- p)o$%cts ()%

-%c%ss()! to


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. • T+% %&% op0%-t p (-= o#$%cti&%s (- (cti&iti%s s+ou #% co0p(ti# % :it+ t+%

%;isti-, cu tu)( co-t%;t of t+% +ost %sti-(tio-.

• T+% issu% of (ut+%-ticit! +(&% to #% %( t :it+ c()%fu ! to co-t)o t+% isto)tio-

of cu tu)( co-t%;t= socio4cu tu)( po utio-= (- cu tu)( %-i,)(tio- (t t+%

%sti-(tio-.

• T+% p(tt%)-s (- p)o,)(00%s of cu tu)( tou)s 0ust #% co0p(ti# % :it+ t+% oc(

cu tu)( co-t%;t (- s+ou #% %&% op% o- t+% #(sis of c())!i-, c(p(cit! (-

sust(i-(# % %&% op0%-t

• Cu tu)( #)(- i-, (- p)o0otio- of t+% %sti-(tio-s s+ou #% 0( % i- suc+ (

:(! t+(t it )%f %cts t+% (ut+%-tic (- )%( 0%(-i-, of t+% oc( cu tu)%.

• F(ci it(tio- of s% f4,u() i-, 0%c+(-is0 to tu)- t+% -%,(ti&% outco0%s i-to

positi&% (- ARDP Att)(ctio- R%sou)c% D%&% op0%-t P)o,)(00% fo) %-+(-ci-,

t+% cu tu)( tou)is0 off%)i-,s is &it( .

IMPACTS OF CULTURAL TOURISM IN ?ERALA A CRITI UE

T+% co0p (i-t (,(i-st cu tu)( tou)is0 is t+(t o:i-, to t+% p)o0otio- of cu tu)% fo)

tou)is0 t+% +ost cu tu)% #%co0%s ( %,)( % (- co00%)ci( i@% fo)0 of

%-t%)t(i-0%-t fo) tou)ists. T+%)% ()% 0(-! %;(0p %s fo) t+is


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t+% %;p%-s% of fu)t+%) %&% opi-, (- i-t%)%st i- t+%i) o:- cu tu)%. T+is p)oc%ss is


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F(


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T+us= ?%)( (


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)%f %ct% i- t+% o-, t)( itio- of i-t%)4)% i,ious +()0o-! (- coop%)(tio- is t+% #%st

,u()(-t%% fo) t+% su)&i&( of ?%)( ( cu tu)% i-to t+% futu)% i- t+% 0i st of &()!i-,

&icissitu %s. T+%)% +(s #%%- (,% o-, (- co-ti-uous i-t%)(ctio- #%t:%%- ?%)( (

cu tu)%= I- i(- cu tu)% (- Wo) cu tu)% o&%) ( :i % sp%ct)u0 (- t+is +(s p)o uc% si,-ific(-t )%su ts i- ( ()%(s of cu tu)( %&% op0%-t. Co-si %)i-, t+%

su0 tot( of t+% (c+i%&%0%-ts of ?%)( ( i- t+% fi% s of cu tu)% t+)ou,+ t+% (,%s= it

is ( fo)%,o-% co-c usio- t+(t t+% +o)i@o-s of ?%)( ( cu tu)% :ou co-ti-u% to

%;p(- st%( i ! i- t+% !%()s to co0%= (- t+(t i- t+% p)oc%ss= t+% ,)%(t%) I- i(-

+%)it(,% its% f :ou (c>ui)% ( % &()i%t!= st)%-,t+ (- &it( it!= p)o&i %

occi %-t( is(tio- is positi&% ! c+%c


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:o) c (ss ()c+it%ctu)% t+(t 0%s0%)i@% utt%) !. V% (-


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i&i-, 0us%u0 of ()c+it%ctu)( st! %s t+(t o)i,i-(t% i- t+% 7t+ c%-tu)! (-

cu 0i-(t% i- t+% +u,% t%0p % co0p %;%s stu % :it+ to:%)i-, ,(t%:(!s c( %

Gopu)(0s . T+% fi-%st %;(0p % of si


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sou,+t to p)o&ouit! (- s%cu ()ist t+ou,+ts (0o-, t+%

co00o- 0(-= -ot(# ! Su#)(0(-!( 2+()(t+! (- 2+()(t+i (s(-. E&%- to (! T(0i

N( u is +o0% to c)%(ti&% :)it%)s i


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t+% )ic+ cu tu)% of T(0i N( u f)o0 t+%s% sc)iptu)%s. T%0p % f%sti&( s ()% -ot $ust

)% i,ious occ(sio-s #ut ( so cu tu)( (- co00%)ci( (- 0()


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of fo)%i,- tou) op%)(to)s (- (,%-ts :+o co4o) i-(t% t+% cu tu)( tou)is0 (cti&iti%s.

T(0i N( u +(s ( )ic+ t)( itio- of 0(


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of T(0i cu tu)% (- t)( itio-. T(0i N( u Tou)is0 D%p()t0%-t +i,+ i,+ts c%)t(i-

pot%-ti( cu tu)( tou)is0 %sti-(tio- i- its p(c


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(-,u(,%s= )% i,io-s= (-c%= 0usic= ()c+it%ctu)%= foo = (- custo0s iff%) f)o0

p (c% to p (c% :it+i- t+% cou-t)!. T+% I- i(- cu tu)% oft%- (#% % (s (-

(0( ,(0(tio- of s%&%)( cu tu)%s= sp(-s (c)oss t+% I- i(- su#co-ti-%-t (- +(s

#%%- i-f u%-c% #! ( +isto)! t+(t is s%&%)( 0i %--i( o . M(-! % %0%-ts of I- i( si&%)s% cu tu)%s= suc+ (s I- i(- )% i,io-s= !o,( (- I- i(- cuisi-%= +(&% +( (

p)ofou- i0p(ct (c)oss t+% :o) .

I- i( is uit% o (- +(&% #%%-


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#(sis :i (tt)(ct +u,% co)po)(t%s (- i- i&i u( s o- o-% +(- (- :ou %-su)%

+i,+ )%0u-%)(tio- to t+% p()ticip(-ts o- t+% ot+%). T+is :i 0(


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?%)( ( ?( (0(- ( (0 :(s %st(# is+% #! V( (t+o N()(!(-( M%-o-= t+%

)%-o:-% M( (!( (0 po%t. It :(s ( ti0% :+%- t+% popu ()it! of ?(t+(


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C os% to t+% o ?( (0(- ( (0 c(0pus is t+% V( (t+o Mus%u0 :+%)% t+%

p)%cious 0o0%-ts i- t+% if% of po%t (- sc+o () V( (t+o ()% p)%s%)&% i- &isu( s

(- :o) s. T+% po)t)(it ,( %)! +%)% +(s o- isp (! oi po)t)(its of %0i-%-t ()tist%s

of !%st%) !%()s. T+% V( (t+o S(0(( +i 4 t+% fi-( )%sti-, p (c% of t+% po%t is(-ot+%) (tt)(ctio- i- t+% o c(0pus.

?( (0(- ( (0 off%)s sp%ci( ! %si,-% i-t)o ucto)! cou)s%s i- ( (sp%cts of

?(t+(


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LI+ITATION

T+% fo o:i-, i0it(tio-s :%)% %-cou-t%)% #! t+% )%s%()c+%) :+i % c())!i-, outt+% )%s%()c+ :o)


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FINDIN0*

T+% R%s%()c+ t)(c% t+% o)i,i- of p(i-ti-, f)o0 t+% p)%+isto)ic ti0%sT+% p)o$%ct fi- s t+% %&% op0%-t of p(i-ti-, u)i-, t+% 0% i%&( p%)io

T+is )%s%()c+ ( so poi-t out t+% i0po)t(-t ()c+it%ctu)( st! % u- %) t+%co o-i( )%,i0%.T+% )%s%()c+ )%&%( s t+% 0(i- c+()(ct%)istics (- &()ious st! %s of I- i(-

()c+it%ctu)%It ( so t)(c%s t+% %&o utio- of I- i(- ()c+it%ctu)% o&%) t+% !%()s.T+% )%s%()c+ ( so ,i&%s ( %t(i % stu ! of ()t fo)0s of sout+ I- i(T+% p)o$%ct ( so fi- s t+% cu))%-t sc%-()io of ()t fo)0sT+% )%po)t ( so ,i&%s ( #)i%f %sc)iptio- ( ()t I-stitutio- i- ?%)( ( (- t+%i)

i0po)t(-c%.

68


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CONCLU*ION

A)t= is ( &%)! p)%cious +%)it(,% i- t+% cu tu)% of ( p%op %. It is 0o)% so i-

I- i(= :+%)% t+% sto)! of ()t is (s o (s t+% +isto)! of t+% )(c%4 ( p(-o)(0(

of fi&% t+ous(- !%()s. T+% %ss%-ti( >u( it! of I- i(- ()t is its p)%occup(tio-

:it+ t+i-,s of t+% spi)it.A)t i- I- i( i -ot (i0 (t o#$%cti&% p)%s%-t(tio- of t+% +u0(- o) soci(

f(c%ts of if%. It :(s p)i0()i ! t+% f)uit of t+% ()tistBs c)%(ti&% 0% it(tio- (-

%ffo)t to p)o$%ct s!0#o s of i&i-% )%( it! (s co-c%i&% (- u- %)stoo #!

t+% co %cti&% co-scious-%ss of t+% p%op % (s ( :+o %. It is ( &(st= u-%- i-,

soci( (- )% i,ious %- %(&o) of %&ot%%s to %pict t+% fo)0s of t+% ,o s (-,o %ss%s t+%! :o)s+ipp% . A-! tou)ist %si)ous of u- %)st(- i-, t+% )%(

si,-ific(-c% of I- i(- ()t s+ou #% p)%p()% p(ti%-t ! to ,o to t+% %-,t+ (-

#)%( t+ (- s(&o) %%p of t+% s!0#o ic 0%(-i-,s t+(t 0(


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T+% 0(i- i-st)u0%-t t+(t is us% i- sout+ I- i(- Hi- u t%0p %s is t+%

-( (s:()(0. It is s(i to +(&% #%%- c)%(t% :+%- t+% &%)! fi)st t%0p % :(s

%st(# is+% i- Sout+ I- i(. T+% -( (s:()(0 (- t+% t+(&i :%)% p (!%

to,%t+%) i- Sout+ I- i(- t%0p %s to c)%(t% (- %-s%0# %.T+% 0otio- pictu)% i- ust)!

+(s %0%),% (s (- i0po)t(-t p (tfo)0 i- Sout+ I- i(= o&%) t+% !%()s po)t)(!i-, t+%

cu tu)( c+(-,%s= t)%- s= (spi)(tio-s (- %&% op0%-ts %;p%)i%-c% #! its p%op %.

Sout+ I- i( is +o0% to s%&%)( isti-ct (-c% fo)0s ?oo i!(tt(0=

2+()(t(-(t!(0= ?uc+ipu i= Vi (si-i N(t!(0= ?(t+(


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T+% Ru


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A#+i-(!( D()p(-(= (- s% %ct% po)tio-s of ot+%) (-ci%-t t%;ts o- ()t (-

it%)(tu)%. Music is ( su#si i()! fo) ( (-c% stu %-ts. T+% ()t of I- i(-

0(


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po ici%s of t+% ,o&%)-0%-t.T+% T(0i N( u (:(+() Si)u&() M(-)(0

%st(# is+% (t C+%--(i (i0s to ,i&% cu tu)( t)(i-i-, (- %&% op t+% ()t

t( %-ts of t+% c+i )%- i- t+% (,% ,)oup of fi&% tosi;t%%- !%()s. T+% T(0i

N( u= O&i( Nu-


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Narayan$ Shovana ()00*+% Indian !lassi!al dan!es: e#am sat

vipraah 'ahudaa vadanti Andhra ,radesh ,ortal: -an!e . A- +)( P)( %s+ Go&%)-0%-t. Indian Classi!al -an!e % .ne India% E-c!c opX i( 2)it(--ic( . (-c% p%)fo)0i-, ()ts I- i(- c (ssic(

(-c%H() %= .C.=/he Art and Ar!hite!ture o" the Indian Su'!ontinent = "-

% -. 155*?(pi ( V(ts!(!(- =Classi!al Indian -an!e in iterature and the

Arts N%: D% +i S(-,%%t N(t(< A


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ANNE


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AN ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENT IN SOUTH INDIA.

T!pic( (!out of D)(&i i(- ()c+it%ctu)% :+ic+ %&o &% f)o0 #oyil (s


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DANCE* OF *OUT/ INDIA

,atha%ali

+ohini-atta;


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?%)( (-( (-(0


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?(t+(< ?uc+upu i

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