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Paul Dunne 21st May 2010
Low Carbon Building Solutions
Low and Zero Carbon definitions
1. Site autonomy.............. generates & stores all energy needed on-site
2. On-site carbon neutral.. on-site energy generation from imported fuel
3. Net zero carbon.......... net exports to Grid are equal to imports
4. Near-site zero carbon... off-site renewables with direct connection
5. Additionality................ dedicated added renewables
6. Carbon offsetting......... paying for others’ renewables
7. Green power............... using off-site renewables already on the Grid
1
3Power station
CO2
4
7 52 6
Catering
Heating and Hot Water
Cooling
Fans & Pumps
Lighting
Office Equipment
Misc. ElectricalComputer Rooms
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
kg
CO
2/m
2/y
r
Typical New Build
1
2
3
Facades
20
Coo
ling
Sys
tem
s
40 60 80 120 140 160 180100 200 220
Total Cooling W/m2
(perimeter areas)
Coo
ling
Load
s
LWB
Thermal Mass
+Night Vent
Natural Vent
Upflow AC
Chilled Ceilings
Chilled Beams
Fan Coil Units
VAV
Fan VAV
Occupants
BCO Guide
Machines
Spare
Lighting
3m Continuous glazing
Clear double glazing + internal blind
2m1m0.5m
3m
High performance 66/34 glazing + internal blind
2m
1m
4m
.5
Blind in ventilated cavity
4m3m2m
1m.5
Mechanical EngineeringFaçade/System Matching
Coo
ling
Sys
tem
s
Total Cooling W/m2
(perimeter areas)
Coo
ling
Load
s
Occupants
BCO Guide
Machines
Spare
Lighting
3m Continuous glazing Clear double glazing +
internal blind
2m1m0.5m
3m
High performance 66/34 glazing + internal blind
2m
1m
4m
.5
Blind in ventilated cavity
4m3m2m
1m.5
Part L2
Mechanical EngineeringFaçade/System Matching
20 40 60 80 120 140 160 180100 200 220
LWB
Thermal Mass
+Night Vent
Natural Vent
Upflow AC
Chilled Ceilings
Chilled Beams
Fan Coil Units
VAV
Fan VAV
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
kg
CO
2/m
2/y
r
Typical New Build
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
kg
CO
2/m
2/y
r
Un-regulated at design:
No change
Energy Efficient Lighting / Controls: -25%
Improved air/water distribution efficiency: -10%
Enhanced Insulation / reduced hot water use: -25%
Enhanced Façade (reduced cooling): -25%
“Best Practice”
15%
Beyond “Best Practice”
Natural Vent (mixed mode)
Minimal coolingReduced occupant energy demands
Change Expectations
Grand Canal Square Offices
Two Buildings, both BREEAM Excellent, A3 BER
100 kWhr/m2/yr
Energy Technologies – Cost Comparison
£0
£200
£400
£600
£800
£1,000
£1,200
Larg
e S
cale
Win
d
Gas
-fire
d C
HP
Bio
mas
s C
HP
Bio
mas
sB
oile
rs
Gro
und
Sou
rce
Hea
t P
umps
Urb
an W
ind
Sol
ar W
ater
Hea
ting
Pho
tovo
ltaic
s
£/tC
O2
save
d€/
t CO
2 sa
ved
€1,500
€1,250
€1,000
€750
€500
€250
€0
Solar Water Heating
DSC vs. Silicon on Angle Effect
Beyond Zero Carbon
Biomass CHP
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
kg
CO
2/m
2/y
r
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1
kg
CO
2/m
2/y
r
Biomass CHP
24%
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
1k
gC
O2
/m2
/yr
100%
`
Reference Scenario ($60/bbl)
High Oil Price Scenario ($120/bbl)
Assessing the financial benefits of potential interventions
Paul Dunne 21st May 2010
Low Carbon Building SolutionsThank You