Asdm presentation 5 14-14

1

U.S. Results From the Program for the International Assessment of Adult

Competencies (PIAAC), 2012

May 14th, 2014

Daniel McGrathNational Center for Education Statistics (NCES)U.S. Department of Education

2

Presentation overview

What is PIAAC?1.

Overview of U.S. results2.

Literacy skill levels and other outcomes3.

Low-skilled adults in the U.S.4.

Education and Skills Online5.

Questions and Discussion6.

3

What is PIAAC?

4

About PIAAC

International large-scale assessment administered in 2011-12 in 23 countries

16- to 65-year-olds, non-institutionalized, residing in the country, irrespective of nationality, citizenship, or language status

Laptop computer or paper-and-pencil:

In the U.S., 80% took the computer tests and 15% took the paper-and-pencil tests.

Assessment subjects:

Literacy

Numeracy

Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments or digital problem solving

Conducted in English in the U.S.:

Background survey in English or Spanish. About 4% could not complete the questionnaire because of language difficulties or learning or mental disabilities, and 1% could not complete it for other reasons.

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Definitions of the assessment subjects

Literacy is understanding, evaluating, using and engaging with written texts

to participate in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential.

Numeracy is the ability to access, use, interpret, and communicate mathematical information and ideas, in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life.

Problem solving in technology-rich environments involves using digital technology, communication tools and networks to acquire and evaluate information, communicate with others and perform practical tasks.

Literacy itemLevel = 1

Literacy example – low difficulty

Literacy itemLevel = 4 (low)

Literacy example – moderate difficulty

Numeracy itemLevel = 2

Numeracy example – low difficulty

Problem SolvingLevel=2 [Note that PIAAC Problem Solving scale has the following levels--Below Level 1, Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3]

Problem solving example – moderate difficulty

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Participating countries

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2012 2015

AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyIreland

ItalyJapan Korea, Rep ofNetherlandsNorwayPolandSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenUnited Kingdom United States

ChileGreece IndonesiaIsraelLithuaniaNew ZealandSingaporeSloveniaTurkey

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What PIAAC reports

Average Scores: Reported on a scale of 0-500 for all domains.

Proficiency Levels: Reported as the percentages of adults scoring at six performance levels in literacy and numeracy and at four performance levels in problem solving in technology-rich environments.

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U.S. Results

13

General patterns of U.S. results

Below international average in all subject areas Ranked better in literacy than in numeracy or problem

solving in technology-rich environments Higher percentage at low proficiency levels than

international average Percentages of top performers similar to or slightly

lower than international average, depending on the subject

Performance gap between young and older population smaller than the average gap internationally

14

U.S. average scores lower than the international averages

15

Literacy proficiency levels

Locate single piece of information in familiar texts.

Read relatively short digital, print or mixed texts to locate single text.

Make matches between text and information that may require low level para-phrasing and drawing low-level inferences.

Identify, interpret, or evaluate one or more pieces of information and often require varying levels of inference.

Perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex texts, and may require complex inferences.

Integrate information across multiple, dense texts; construct syntheses, ideas or points of view; or evaluate evidence based arguments.

Below Level 1(0-175)

Level 1176-225

Level 2226-275

Level 3276-325

Level 4326-375

Level 5376+

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Numeracy proficiency levels

Perform basic tasks: counting, arithmetic operations with whole numbers.

Perform one-step tasks: count; sort; arithmetic operations; understanding simple percent (ex. 50%).

Perform 2 or more calculations, simple measurement; spatial representation; estimation; and interpret simple tables, graphs.

Understand & work with mathematical patterns, proportions, basic statistics expressed in verbal or numerical form.

Perform analysis, complex reasoning, statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and communicat-ing well-reasoned explanations for answers.

Understand complex abstract mathema-tical and statistical ideas, embedded in complex texts, draw inferences; arguments or models; justify, reflect on solutions or choices.

Below Level 1

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5

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Problem solving in technology-rich environments (digital problem solving) proficiency levels

Tasks are well-defined involving use of only one function within a generic interface.

Tasks require little or no navigation, and only a few steps to access information for solving the problem. There are few monitoring demands.

Tasks require some navigation across pages and applications for solving the problem. Evaluating the relevance, some integration and inferential reasoning may be needed.

Task may involve multiple steps and operators, navigation across pages and applications. There are typically high monitoring demands, and evaluation of relevance and reliability of information.

Below Level 1

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

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Distribution of literacy skills in the U.S. and other countries

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Distribution of numeracy skills in the U.S. and other countries

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Distribution of digital problem solving skills in the U.S. and other countries

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Literacy skill levels and other outcomes

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In literacy, U.S. gaps larger by educational attainment and skill level of job, but similar to international average by income and employment status

23Source: Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012)

- Low trust in others- Low levels of political efficacy

- Low levels of volunteering- Poor health

Adults at or below level 1 in literacy are more likely than those at level 4/5 to report:

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Source: Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)

(2012)

Participation rate in adult education by literacy proficiency levels

Lower-skilled adults less likely to be in training…

…Still, about 30% of U.S. adults at lowest level had training in last 12 months

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Low-skilled adults in the U.S.

Literacy skill descriptions at the lower levels

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Can read brief texts on familiar topics to locate a single piece of specific information. Only basic vocabulary knowledge is required, and the reader is not required to understand the structure of sentences or paragraphs.

Can read relatively short digital or print continuous, non-continuous, or mixed texts to locate a single piece of information. Knowledge and skill in recognizing basic vocabulary determining the meaning of sentences, and reading paragraphs of text is expected.

Can integrate two or more pieces of information based on criteria, compare and contrast or reason about information and make low-level inferences. Navigate within digital texts to access and identify information.

0 175 275225Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2

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How many low-skilled adults in the U.S.?

33% at level 2 times 206 M adults 16-65 = ~68 million

14% at level 1 ~29 million

4% below level 1 ~8 million

4% literacy-related non-response ~8 million

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Source: Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012) U.S. national dataset

Race/ethnicity of adults with low literacy skills in the U.S.

More than half of U.S. adult population below level 1 or at level 1 are black or Hispanic

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Employment status

Employed full-ti

me (52%)

Employed part-time (1

2%)

Unemployed (8%)

In school (1

0%)

Retired (4%)

Permanently

disabled (5

%)

Looking after f

amily (6

%)

Other (3%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

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on

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Gender

Men (49%) Women (51%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Age

16-24 (18%) 25-34 (20%) 35-44 (20%) 45-54 (22%) 55-65 (19%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

enta

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Educational attainment

Grad or prof. degree (10%)

Bachelor’s degree (16%)

Associate’s degree (9%)

High school credential

(50%)

Below high school (15%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Perc

enta

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f pop

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on

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?First language

English as first language (85%) Other as first language (15%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Immigration status

Born in U.S. (85%) Not Born in U.S. (15%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Occupation

Legis

lators,

officials,

and m

anagers

(10%)

Profes

sionals (

21%)

Tech

nicians a

nd asso

ciates

(16%)

Clerks

(8%)

Servi

ce w

orkers/

sales

(21%)

Crafts a

nd trad

es w

orkers

(9%)

Mac

hine opera

tors

(6%)

Elementary

occupati

ons (8%)

05

101520253035404550


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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Industry

Manufac

turing (

11%)

Constructi

on (7%)

Retail t

rade (

12%)

Transp

ortation (4

%)

Accommodati

on and fo

od servi

ce (7%)

Informati

on and co

mmunication (4

%)

Finan

cial se

rvices

(5%)

Profes

sional

and sc

ientific (

5%)

Administrati

ve (6

%)

Public ad

ministrati

on (7%)

Educati

on (9%)

Health

(14%)

Arts an

d enter

tainmen

t (2%)

Other (3%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Perc

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An online assessment tool for providers (and others):

Education and Skills Online

What is Education & Skills Online

An assessment tool designed to

provide individual level results linked to

PIAAC

Measures both cognitive and non-cognitive

skills

In the US it is available both in

English and Spanish

Will be downloadable

on demand over the internet

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Education & Skills Online components

Background Questionnaire

Cognitive Items:• Literacy• Numeracy • Problem-solving in Technology rich environment (optional)• Reading Components (optional)

Optional Non-Cognitive Module

Reporting Scores: • Proficiency levels • Strengths and weaknesses • Summary information for each non-cognitive areas• Internationally comparative information

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Uses and benefits of Education & Skills Online

Appropriate for use in both educational and workplace settings

Can be used to evaluate classes, programs or any group of respondents

Organizations will have access to their database for further analyses

Tests cover a wide range of skills and domains

Individuals and organizations have flexibility to determine which skills to assess

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Additional household sample (3,600) focusing on:

• unemployed adults (ages 16–65)• two groups of young adults (ages 16–24 and 25–34)• older adults (ages 66–74)

Separate sample of 1,200 incarcerated adults (ages 16–74)

Results should be available late 2015 or early 2016

Additional Data Collection: U.S. National Supplement

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For more information

Questions and Discussion

NCES: http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/or

Eugene Owen: 202-502-7422 [email protected]

OECD: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

PIAAC Data Explorer

http://piaacdataexplorer.oecd.org/ide/idepiaac/

More: http://piaacgateway.com/

http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

http://piaacdataexplorer.oecd.org/ide/idepiaac/

http://piaacgateway.com/

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Tables behind the charts

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U.S. Pop. 16-65 = approx. 200 million Percent of subpopulation

Percent of populatio

nBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 4 14 33 Employment status Employed full-time 52 4 12 31 Employed part-time 12 4 15 36 Unemployed 8 5 24 41 In school 10 2 10 35 Retired 4 3 16 36 Permanently disabled 5 14 29 40 Looking after family 6 3 14 38 Other 3 5 12 35

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Employment status

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Percent of subpopulation

Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2

All U.S. 16-65 100 4 14 33 Gender Men 49 4 14 31 Women 51 4 13 34Age 16-24 19 2 12 37 25-34 20 4 12 30 35-44 20 3 14 31 45-54 22 6 14 32 55-65 19 5 16 34

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Gender and age

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Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 4 14 33 Educational attainment Grad/professional degree 10 # 2 15 Bachelor’s degree 16 1 4 22 Associate’s degree 9 1 6 34 High school credential 50 3 17 41 Below high school 15 15 31 37

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Educational attainment

47

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Occupation


Percent of

population Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 4 14 33 Occupation classification

Legislators, officials, and managers 10 1 6 22

Professionals 21 # 3 20 Technicians and associates 16 2 8 32 Clerks 8 1 11 34 Service workers/sales 21 5 17 37 Crafts and trades workers 9 4 19 42 Machine operators 6 9 20 45 Elementary occupations 8 12 26 37 Estimates for occupations not shown do not meet reporting standards.

48

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Industry


Percent of

population Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 4 14 33Industry classification

Manufacturing 11 4 13 35

Construction 7 5 22 41

Retail trade 12 4 14 39

Transportation 4 7 22 35

Accommodation and food service 7 9 21 33

Information and communication 4 * 3 19

Financial services 5 1 9 22

Professional and scientific 5 1 2 19

Administrative 6 8 17 43

Public administration 7 1 8 25

Education 9 1 4 23

Health 14 4 12 34

Arts and entertainment 2 2 12 28

Other 3 3 9 34Estimates for industries not shown do not meet reporting standards.

49

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in literacy?Language, immigration status


Percent of

populationBelow Level

1 Level 1 Level 2

All U.S. 16-65 100 4 14 33 Language

English as first language 85 2 12 34

Other as first language 15 15 24 33

Immigration Status Born in U.S. 85 2 12 34

Not born in U.S. 15 15 25 31

50


Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 9 20 33 Employment status Employed full-time 52 7 17 33 Employed part-time 12 9 22 36 Unemployed 8 18 32 34

In school 10 6 21 37 Retired 4 10 21 36 Permanently disabled 5 28 32 31 Looking after family 6 9 22 39 Other 3 10 18 34

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Employment status

51


Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 9 20 33 Gender Men 49 8 18 30 Women 51 10 21 35Age 16-24 19 7 22 37 25-34 20 8 17 32 35-44 20 8 19 29 45-54 22 11 19 33 55-65 19 11 21 33

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Gender and age

52


Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2

All U.S. 16-65 100 9 20 33

Educational attainment Grad/professional degree 10 1 4 20 Bachelor’s degree 16 1 8 27 Associate’s degree 9 3 13 42 High school credential 50 9 26 40 Below high school 15 30 33 28

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Educational attainment

53

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Occupation


Percent of


1 Level 1 Level 2

All U.S. 16-65 100 9 20 33

Occupation classification

Legislators, officials, and managers 10 2 9 25

Professionals 21 1 7 25

Technicians and associates 16 5 15 37

Clerks 8 4 16 44

Service workers/sales 21 13 25 36

Crafts and trades workers 9 8 23 39

Machine operators 6 14 27 41

Elementary occupations 8 20 30 32

Estimates for occupations not shown do not meet reporting standards.

54

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Language and immigration status


Percent of

population Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 16 33 26 Language

English as first language 85 7 20 35

Other as first language 15 23 26 28

Immigration Status Born in U.S. 85 7 20 35 Not born in U.S. 15 23 25 27

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Industry


Percent of


1 Level 1 Level 2All U.S. 16-65 100 Industry classification Manufacturing 1 7 16 34 Construction 7 9 25 39 Retail trade 12 8 23 37 Transportation 4 11 24 39

Accommodation and food service 7 16 26 33

Information and communication 4 1 6 24

Financial services 5 3 12 32

Professional and scientific 5 1 7 22

Administrative 6 13 25 40 Public administration 7 4 14 29 Education 9 2 8 33 Health 14 10 20 35 Arts and entertainment 2 7 16 30 Other 3 7 13 35Estimates for industries not shown do not meet reporting standards.

56


Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2Took paper

& pencilAll U.S. 16-65 100 16 33 26 16 Employment status Employed full-time 52 16 35 30 13 Employed part-time 12 17 37 26 16 Unemployed 8 25 30 18 25 In school 10 9 39 37 6 Retired 4 21 31 18 28 Permanently disabled 5 19 24 5 51 Looking after family 6 15 36 30 15 Other 3 16 34 28 17

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in digital problem solving?

Employment status

57


Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2Took paper

& pencil

All U.S. 16-65 100 16 33 26 16 Gender Men 49 15 30 26 17 Women 51 16 36 26 15Age 16-24 19 11 39 31 7 25-34 20 14 33 32 10 35-44 20 17 31 28 13 45-54 22 18 33 22 20 55-65 19 18 31 17 27

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in digital problem solving?

Gender and age

58


Percent of

populationBelow

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2Took paper &

pencilAll U.S. 16-65 100 16 33 26 16 Educational attainment Grad/professional degree 10 5 31 48 3 Bachelor’s degree 16 8 34 42 5 Associate’s degree 9 14 42 32 6 High school credential 50 21 37 22 17 Below high school 15 19 26 12 41

Who are the low skilled adults in the U.S. in digital problem solving?Educational attainment

59


Percent of

population Level 1 Level 2 Level 3Literacy-

related non-resp

Took paper & pencil

All U.S. 16-65 100 33 26 5 4 16 Employment status Employed full-time 52 35 30 7 # 13 Employed part-time 12 37 26 4 # 16 Unemployed 8 30 18 2 # 25 In school 10 39 37 8 # 6 Apprentice/intern # ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Retired 4 31 18 1 1 28 Permanently disabled 5 24 5 # # 51 Compulsory service ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Looking after family 6 36 30 4 # 15 Other 3 34 28 5 # 17

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in digital problem solving?

Employment status

60

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in digital problem solving?Occupation

Perc. of.

pop.Below

Level 1 Level 1 Level 2Lit. non-

resp. Took P&P

All U.S. 16-65 100 20 41 33 4 16

Occupation classification

Legislators, officials, and managers 10 12 33 44 # 4

Professionals 21 8 33 46 # 3

Technicians and associates 16 15 45 35 # 8

Clerks 8 18 45 33 # 6

Service workers/sales 21 27 44 26 # 16

Crafts and trades workers 9 29 43 24 # 20

Machine operators 6 35 48 15 # 34

Elementary occupations 8 27 46 24 # 34

Estimates for occupations not shown do not meet reporting standards.

61

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in digital problem solving?Industry


Perc. of pop.Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2Lit. non-

resp. Took p&pAll U.S. 16-65 100 16 33 26 4 16Industry classification Manufacturing 11 18 42 32 # 17 Construction 6 34 41 23 # 24 Retail trade 12 25 42 30 # 14 Transportation 4 34 42 22 # 20

Accommodation & food service 6 24 45 27 # 21

Information and communication 5 4 32 46 # 6

Financial services 5 10 40 40 # 4

Professional and scientific 6 6 33 48 # 3 Administrative 5 26 45 25 # 18 Public administration 7 14 36 40 # 6 Education 10 10 39 42 # 4 Health 14 21 43 31 # 11

Arts and entertainment 3 12 40 37 # 6 Other 3 13 45 38 # 15Estimates for industries not shown do not meet reporting standards.

62


Language and Immigration status


Percent of


1 Level 1 Level 2Literacy-related

non-respTook paper

& pencilAll U.S. 16-65 100 16 33 26 4 16

Language

English as first language 85 16 36 29 # 13

Other as first language 15 22 24 15 1 36

Immigration Status

Born in U.S. 85 18 42 34 # 13

Not born in U.S. 15 37 39 22 # 36

63

U.S. average literacy score (270) lower than the international average (273)

Lower than in 12 countries:Japan, Finland, Netherlands, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Flanders-Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Canada, Republic of Korea

Not significantly different than in 5 countries:England and Northern Ireland- U.K., Denmark, Germany, Austria, Cyprus

Higher than in 5 countries:Poland, Ireland, France, Spain, Italy

U.S. average numeracy score (253) lower than the international average (269)

Lower than in 18 countries:Japan, Finland, Flanders-Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Austria, Estonia, Germany, Australia, Canada,Cyprus, Republic of Korea, England and Northern Ireland- U.K., Poland

Not significantly different than in 2 countries:Ireland, France

Higher than in 2 countries:Italy, Spain

64

U.S. average problem solving in technology-rich environments score (277) lower than the international average (283)Lower than in 14 countries:Japan, Finland, Australia, Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, Czech Republic, Republic of Korea, Germany, Canada, Slovak Republic, Flanders-Belgium

Not significantly different than in 4 countries:England and Northern Ireland- U.K., Estonia, Ireland, Poland

65

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U.S. gaps in literacy scores larger than international average by parental education and nativity status

67

U.S. gaps in literacy scores similar to international average by gender, smaller by age, and larger by health status

68

U.S. gaps in numeracy scores larger than international average by parental education, not different by nativity status

69

In numeracy, U.S. gaps larger by educational attainment, income, and skill level of job, but similar to international average by employment status

70

In numeracy, U.S. gap similar to international average by gender, smaller by age, and larger by health status

71

In problem solving in technology-rich environments, U.S. gaps similar to international average by educational attainment, income, employment status, and skill level of job

72

In problem solving in technology-rich environments, U.S. gaps similar to international average by gender and health status, but smaller by age

73

U.S. average literacy score in 2012 not significantly different from 2003, but lower than in 1994

*p < .05. Average score is significantly different from PIAAC.

1994 2003 2012245

250

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

IALS:273*

ALL:268

PIAAC:270

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U.S. average numeracy score in 2012 lower than in 2003

*p < .05. Average score is significantly different from PIAAC.

2003 2012235

240

245

250

255

260

265

270

275

ALL:262*

PIAAC:253

75

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Employment status

Employed full-time

(52%)

Employed part-time

(12%)

Unemployed (8%)

In school (10%)

Retired (4%) Permanently disabled (5%)

Looking after family (6%)

Other (3%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on

76

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Gender

Men (49%) Women (51%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

enta

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on

77

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Age

16-24 (18%) 25-34 (20%) 35-44 (20%) 45-54 (22%) 55-65 (19%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

enta

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f pop

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Educational attainment





(50%)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Perc

enta

ge o

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79

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?First language


5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

ent o

f sub

popu

latio

n

80

Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Immigration status

Born in U.S. (85%) Not Born in U.S. (15%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

enta

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Occupation

Legis

lators,

officials,

and m

anagers

(10%)

Profes

sionals (

21%)

Tech

nicians a

nd asso

ciates

(16%)

Clerks

(8%)

Servi

ce w

orkers/

sales

(21%)

Crafts a

nd trad

es w

orkers

(9%)

Mac

hine opera

tors

(6%)

Elementary

occupati

ons (8%)

05

101520253035404550


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ent o

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Who are the low-skilled adults in the U.S. in numeracy?Industry

Manufactu

ring (1

1%)

Constructi

on (7%)

Retail tra

de (12%)

Transp

ortation (4

%)

Accommodation and fo

od servi

ce (7

%)

Information and co

mmunication (4

%)

Financia

l servi

ces (

5%)

Professi

onal and sc

ientific (5%)

Administra

tive (6

%)

Public administ

ration (7

%)

Education (9

%)

Health (1

4%)

Arts and enterta

inment (2%)

Other (3%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


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Employment status

Employed full-ti

me (52%)

Employed part-time (1

2%)

Unemployed (8%)

In school (1

0%)

Retired (4%)

Permanently

disabled (5

%)

Looking after f

amily (6

%)

Other (3%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Below Level 1 Level 1Level 2 Took paper and pencil

Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on

84


Gender

Men (49%) Women (51%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on

85


Age

16-24 (18%) 25-34 (20%) 35-44 (20%) 45-54 (22%) 55-65 (19%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Perc

enta

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f pop

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Who are the level 1, 2, and 3 in the U.S. in digital problem solving?

Educational attainment





(50%)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60


Perc

enta

ge o

f pop

ulati

on

87


First language


5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2 Took paper and pencil

Perc

ent o

f sub

popu

latio

n

88


Immigration status

Born in U.S. (85%) Not born in country (15%)0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Perc

ent o

f sub

popu

latio

n

89


Occupation

Legis

lators,

officials,

and m

anagers

(10%)

Profes

sionals (

21%)

Tech

nicians a

nd asso

ciates

(16%)

Clerks

(8%)

Servi

ce w

orkers/

sales

(21%)

Crafts a

nd trad

es w

orkers

(9%)

Mac

hine opera

tors

(6%)

Elementary

occupati

ons (8%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Perc

ent o

f sub

popu

latio

n

90


Industry

Manufactu

ring (1

1%)

Constructi

on (6%)

Retail tra

de (12%)

Transp

ortation (4

%)

Accommodation and fo

od servi

ce (6

%)

Information and co

mmunication (5

%)

Financia

l servi

ces (

5%)

Professi

onal and sc

ientific (6%)

Administra

tive (5

%)

Public administ

ration (7

%)

Education (1

0%)

Health (1

4%)

Arts and enterta

inment (3%)

Other (3%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Perc

ent o

f sub

popu

latio

n

Date post:	07-May-2015
Category:	Education
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