Introduction As most religions say, God made all His creations equal, special and unique from each other. Different in terms of color, physique and mentality. All creation have their purpose in their existence. A student’s purpose and goal is to finish his/her studies, in order to proceed to his/her original purpose. To be a good, fateful and productive human being. Absenteeism is defined as the practice or habit of being an absentee, the practice of absenting of one’s self from one’s country, , state, assignation, duty or responsibility.This is commonly used in the modern world to depict people such as students, employees and workers who are “absent” or do not attend the agenda or place of agenda which require their presence. The objective of this study is to analyze the facts, determine the cause and effects, and obtain a deeper insight
Transcript
Introduction
As most religions say, God made all His creations equal, special
and unique from each other. Different in terms of color, physique and
mentality. All creation have their purpose in their existence. A
student’s purpose and goal is to finish his/her studies, in order to
proceed to his/her original purpose. To be a good, fateful and
productive human being.
Absenteeism is defined as the practice or habit of being an
absentee, the practice of absenting of one’s self from one’s country, ,
state, assignation, duty or responsibility.This is commonly used in the
modern world to depict people such as students, employees and
workers who are “absent” or do not attend the agenda or place of
agenda which require their presence.
The objective of this study is to analyze the facts, determine the
cause and effects, and obtain a deeper insight of what “absenteeism”
really is. The information documented here will help future studies on
the case as basis and reference for further research, and hopefully
help to find a solution to the problem.
Absenteeism in the case of school based students is a common
occurrence. This is a serious issue for both public and private
schools.Absenteeism leads to the students having bad grades which
may then lead to bad consequences, such as repeating, being dropped
from class or having bad records that may affect future transactions.
Absenteeism can be categorized, but cannot be generalized, for every
case is different. Therefore there is no general treatment for people
who suffer from this case.
The causes of students being absent range from having lack of
subject interest, inferiority complex, to having distressful problems at
home or with friends. Environmental distractions also serve a role such
as establishments near the school area which may attract or persuade
students to absent from class.
Absenteeism may be classified as a “habitual evasion” such as
voluntary or involuntary, or in most cases, unconsciously aiming to be
absent for reasons the student prefers not to tackle. This may manifest
as anti-social tendencies or inferiority complex for the part of the
absentee. In another case, “willful absence”is the voluntary act of
absenting. Reasons may be that the student did not received money
allowance resulting to his/her refusal to go to school, or , his/her friend
may have asked him/her to come with him/her in a different agenda.
When this agenda conflicts with the schooling schedule, it may result
to the student picking the deviant choice of coming with his/her friend
instead of going to school. The “involuntary or occasional” absenting
reason refers to an unexpected phenomenon such as sudden heavy
rain, accidents that lead to injury or unexpected conflict with school
schedule and other agendas that require the students presence.This
types of case may be resolved by the student or the student’s parent
writing an excuse letter.
The objective of teachers, professors and guidance counselors is
not only to teach, but also help the students develop their ability of
learning, habitually and proficiently. Absenteeism is a negative impact
to the students personality and can lead to impairment of the student’s
social norms. In such cases the assistance of the guidance counselor is
needed, with the participation of the student’s parents.
Absenteeism is a very negative characteristic to have as an
individual and must be cured as soon as symptoms are observed. This
is a serious issue for both public and private schools.Absenteeism
leads to the students having bad grades which may then lead to bad
consequences, such as repeating, being dropped from class or having
bad records that may affect future transactions. Absenteeism can be
categorized, but cannot be generalized, for every case is different.
Therefore there is no general treatment for people who suffer from this
case.
Statement of the Problem
To determine the cause and effects of absenteeism in many
schools, the following problems were sought for answers:
1)What is the nature and extent of absenteeism?
2)What are the major reasons why students results to absenteeism?
3)What are the common factors absentees share?
4)What influences students to be an absentee?
5) What are the ways to treat and prevent absenteeism in
students?
6)What is the student’s opinion or view of himself as an absentee?
7)What is the effect of absenteeism to the student’s performance in
school?
Related Literature
RelatedStudy
Health Issues
One of the common reasons for absence cases in pre-school and
elementary schools in the Philippines is connected to health problem
issues. Department of Education aims to cut by half the incidence of
infectious diseases among pre-school and elementary school students
and stop absenteeism by conducting a comprehensive oral care and
general hygiene program. The aim is to reduce the infectious disease
by 40 to 50 percent, and oral problems by 40 to 50 percent, cases in
studentsin both public and private schools throughout the nation.
Cases of tooth ache, diarrhea, respiratory ailments and soil-
transmitted worm infections are prevalent in early childhood schools,
causing absenteeism and in some cases, dropping out for students
who suffer from the said problems. The said diseases are socially
accepted and are considered normal despite their huge impact on the
physical and mental development of children, their school performance
and quality of life according to a notable DepEd official.The program
aims to aid and educate the population with preventing these diseases
through simple and cost-effective methods, largely focused on proper
hygiene and clean living environment.Administrative and teaching
personnel will also be educated to be inclined in implementing proper
hygiene routines for their students. The project had already partially
taken place in mass scale in schools and day care centers in the
northern, central and middle regions of the country. Cause of
absenteeism also related to health issues also include family members
of the student being ill. Although the student himself is not the one
who has the problem, he/she is affected by the consequence of the
health issues of his/her family members.
In foreign school absenteeism cases attributed to health issues,
the reasons vary from the country’s geographical or cultural
characteristics. In south east Asian tropical countries such as the
Philippines, logistical problems hinder students from going to school.
Students who live in the mountains or the rural islands have to walk for
hourseveryday, just to get to their schools located in the town propers.
Social Issues
Culture and social standards in a nation or area affects a
student’s performance in school. The cases are categorized as the
following:
Emotional Issues
Students who growup in broken homes are most susceptive to
absenteeism.The lack of fate in the sanctity of family leads to social
rebellion, which manifests as deviant behavior commonly expressed by
vandalism, authority problems , social withdrawal, and absenteeism or
dropping out.
Ethnic Issues
Children belonging to certain ethnic groups such as natives from
rural provinces, are expected to be slower learners as compared to
others. There are certain stereotypes that have been attached to
specific races and, children belonging to them, suffer from low self-
esteem.
Gender Issues
Another social issue in education is differentiation on the basis of
sex. Girls have lesser opportunities, compared to boys for studying, in
certain sections of the society. Expectations from girls to score high in
studies or study further, are less too. However, this does not apply in
most parts of the Philippines, but still remains an issue in countries
with government systems based on culture.
Economic Issues
3rd World countries or under developed nations have insufficient
number of schools to match the demand of the growing population. In
countries like the Philippines, the ratio of 1 is 70, teacher and student
ratio is not an exaggeration. This makes it hard for teachers to put
even attention to all his/her students and can lead to student’s
tardiness and absenteeism.Some social issues arise due to the
economic strata a student belongs to. Students who belong to poor
families, go to public schools which are not so well equipped with
technology. This automatically puts them at a disadvantage, when
compared to the students who go to some good private schools.
Cultural Issues
Some ethnic minorities who have stuck with their cultural way of
living neglect the concept of modern education. This mentality, when
indoctrinated to the younger generations, may lead to them not
attending school at all. In some nations, immigrant students who have
different religion than the mainstream religion of the society he/she is
in, may feel out of place, different and have a hard time adjusting. The
conflict of principles between the individual and the school
administration may cause the student to feel he is in the wrong place.
This may then lead to anti-social behavior, social withdrawal and
eventually, absenteeism or dropping out.
Ethical Issues
Ethical standards in a society or school affects the student’s
attendance of class.In some schools were proper uniform are
implemented, this may come in conflict with the social trends, personal
preferences, fashion statement and self-imagery of the student.
Instead of wearing the implemented dress code, they wear what they
see is socially accepted according to their view. And this leads to the
student not being allowed to enter the school grounds. Failure to
concede, either the student or the school administration, can lead to
students not attending their classes at all.
RELATED STUDY
(FOREIGN)
Literature reviews are acknowledged as valuable contributions to
advancement of research. When done well, they help researchers sum
up where have been and where they need to go next. They identify
gaps in knowledge and suggest new directions for future research.
That such endeavors are considered useful is reflected in the number
published each year. Reviews of research literature are carried out for
several reasons. One reason is to assess state of current knowledge.
Relatedly, literature reviews assess what is not known-the gaps in
knowledge. It is quite common in published literature reviews to find a
discussion of what directions ought to be taken by future research on a
topic. Such discussions define productive lines of research and
promote integration of future findings with current knowledge. A third
reason is to advance theory. Good literature reviews make strong
statements about validity of theories and stimulate new theoretical
most fundamental units in student’s learning. Learning in a system of
group collaboration is one of the best ways in gaining knowledge. It is
a teamwork which the framework relies on an individual learning from
the others and others learning from that individual.
When a student misses a day of school he/she must have lost the
chance to hear others, interpret and analyzing the lessons or joins the
interaction within the class. This lost is being rooted to two different
courses and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry might be
a family situation or an individual problem. Then, under these courses
are the factors that contribute to a child’s regular truancy. These may
be finance concerns, disability, psychotic imbalance, poor school
climate, family health, transportation problems, drug and alcohol use,
and differing community attitude towards education (Savers, D.
etal,2005).
College student retention programs tend to focus primarily on
students in their first and second year of college as this is the time
when the greatest number of students withdraws from postsecondary
education (ACT 2004). Such programs vary substantially in design and
execution. Examples include: Early alert, assessment, and monitoring
systems to identify students at risk of dropping out for early
intervention; Freshman Seminar; and HORIZONS. Organizational
Theory practices, designed to create an institutional culture conducive
to student retention, are another means of encouraging college
student retention. Connection to Health Improving college retention
rates may have broad impacts: students who complete college degrees
have been found to be less likely to need the support of social services,
generate higher tax returns, put less stress on the criminal
(local)
A study into learner absenteeism, commissioned by the
Department of Education, has found that the prevalence of learner
absenteeism in South African schools is between 5% and 15%. The
study adopted a simple definition of absenteeism as a situation where
a learner is not at school for an entire day.
In developed countries, absenteeism rates usually range
between 6% and 8%. However, absenteeism rates in African countries
have been found to be much higher, sometimes as high as 50%. The
study also reported that many school, district and provincial officials
reported that learner absenteeism is not as big a problem as teacher
absenteeism.
The reasons for learner absenteeism generally fall in three broad
categories: personal (illness, learning difficulties); socio-economic
(transport, lack of parental involvement, dysfunctional families, the
impact of HIV/AIDS, drug abuse, teenage pregnancy), and school-based
(boredom, punishment for late-coming, bullying and violence in
schools).
In 2007, the Department of Education commissioned the
Community Agency for Social Enquiry (CASE) and Joint Education Trust
(JET) to undertake an investigation into learner absenteeism in South
African schools. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of
learner absenteeism in schools, explore the reasons why learners
absent themselves from schools, examine the systems that exist to
record, monitor and reduce learner absenteeism, and review
international and local good practice in recording and monitoring
learner absenteeism.
The empirical investigation was based on a study of thirty
schools throughout the nine provinces, complemented by interviews
with officials from district and provincial offices.
To complement primary data collection, a detailed local and
international literature review was undertaken. The local literature
review aimed at assessing the extent of learner absenteeism in South
Africa by examining existing large-scale studies on the incidence of
learner absenteeism in South Africa.
Education Secretary Jesli Lapus said on Tuesday that DepEd
recently pilot-tested in Tarlac a comprehensive oral health care and
general hygiene program for school children to keep them in school by
reducing infectious diseases by 30 to 50 percent and dental problems
by 40 to 50 percent.
Lapus said that toothache, diarrhea, respiratory ailments and
soil-transmitted worm infections were prevalent in pre-school and
school children ?causing absenteeism and dropping-out of school.?
It is socially accepted, often neglected when it fact it can be
prevented at a low cost," Lapus said in a statement.
These diseases are considered ?normal,? despite their huge
impact on the physical and mental development of children, their
school performance and their quality of life,? he added.
Lapus said most of the diseases were caused by hygiene
problems and studies by DepEd showed that these diseases could be
controlled by ?simple, cost-effective preventive measures
implemented on a mass scale in schools and day care centers.?
To this end, DepEd partnered with local government units and
the private sector for its Essential Health Care Package (EHCP)
program, Lapus said.
It was introduced in 2008 and the program has benefited some
600,000 children in 20 provinces. When it was first launched in
selected schools, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo herself
demonstrated proper hand washing to school children, the education
chief said.
For school year 2009-2010, the EHCP program of the DepEd?s
Health and Nutrition Center had its soft launch in Cristo Rey East
Elementary School in Capas, Tarlac, he added.
He said participating schools would conduct daily hand washing
with soap and water. A nail-cutter will also be made available in
classrooms to keep the fingernails groomed.
Daily supervised tooth brushing drills using fluoride toothpaste
will be done in schools while deworming tablets will be provided by the
Department of Health and administered by school health personnel
twice a year, according to Lapus.
The National Oral Health Survey (NOHS) conducted by the DepEd
from November 2005 to February 2006 revealed that nearly all school
children had dental caries, with an average of nine decayed teeth in
every mouth.
Lapus said the school system's well-organized administrative
structure and teaching personnel have been tapped to implement
health programs ?focusing on the behavior change.?
These health improvement measures are intended to increase
school attendance, improve school performance and help the
government achieve
RELATED LITERATURE
Schooling was perceived as the key to success for
individuals and to the excellence of society(Mitchell, 1993) Free
and compulsory education came to England and Wales following
the Elementary Education Acts of11 1870 and 1876, although not
always on a full time basis.
The Education Act of 1918 finally abolished half time
schooling, and made elementary education entirely free and
compulsory until the end of the term after the child's
fourteenth birthday. Nevertheless, in most parts of the
United States the problem of illegal absence dates from 1876
(Galloway, 1985). In the 1850s urban schools suffered from an
extremely high turnover of students. Many students were
needed at home to do many of the chores, especially if they
lived on a farm. Other students worked outside of the home to
help support the family. Poor attendance was a problem to
teachers and parents well before school attendance became
compulsory (Pallister, 1969). Pallister notes that enthusiasm
for education varied with the standards of the school; good
schools quickly obtaining the support of parents, and
similarly bad schools, least in the eyes of parents, quickly
losing support.
School administrators were immediately faced with new
concerns considering that in 1900 only 6 percent of Americans
had a diploma (Wise, 1994;Kay, 1991). It is clear that
attendance rates varied little between 1904 and 1938, except
in 1920 when lower average attendance followed the social
upheaval of the First World War. Galloway noted that there is
little evidence that attendance rates over the last ten to
fifteen years (1970-1985) differ very much from those earlier
in the century (Galloway, 1985). Even with the increased12
attendance and the increased graduation rates over the last
100 years, education is relatively the same. A glaring
example of this is the release of students for farm work in
extremely industrialized society. Our culture has changed but
the reasons for excused absences have not changed (Wise,
1994).
School attendance was a problem before education
became
free and compulsory, and based on the researcher's knowledge
and experience as an educator, it has continued to be one ever
since. The researcher notes that attendance figures can be
interpreted in different ways. There is little evidence that
school attendance rates have changed noticeably throughout the
twentieth century.
SUMMARY
Absenteeism is defined as the practice or habit of being an
absentee, the practice of absenting of one’s self from one’s country, ,
state, assignation, duty or responsibility. The objective of this study is
to analyze the facts, determine the cause and effects, and obtain a
deeper insight of what “absenteeism”.This is a serious issue for both
public and private schools.Absenteeism leads to the students having
bad grades which may then lead to bad consequences, such as
repeating, being dropped from class or having bad records that may
affect future transactions. Absenteeism can be categorized, but cannot
be generalized, for every case is different. Therefore there is no
general treatment for people who suffer from this case. This is a
serious issue for both public and private schools.Absenteeism leads to
the students having bad grades which may then lead to bad
consequences, such as repeating, being dropped from class or having
bad records that may affect future transactions. Absenteeism can be
categorized, but cannot be generalized, for every case is different.
Therefore there is no general treatment for people who suffer from this
case. A student’s purpose and goal is to finish his/her studies, in order
to proceed to his/her original purpose. To be a good, fateful and
productive human being. The said diseases are socially accepted and
are considered normal despite their huge impact on the physical and
mental development of children, their school performance and quality
of life according to a notable DepEd official.The program aims to aid
and educate the population with preventing these diseases through
simple and cost-effective methods, largely focused on proper hygiene
and clean living environment.Administrative and teaching personnel
will also be educated to be inclined in implementing proper hygiene
routines for their students. The lack of fate in the sanctity of family
leads to social rebellion, which manifests as deviant behavior
commonly expressed by vandalism, authority problems , social
withdrawal, and absenteeism or dropping out. Another social issue in
education is differentiation on the basis of sex. Girls have lesser
opportunities, compared to boys for studying, in certain sections of the
society.
This makes it hard for teachers to put even attention to all
his/her students and can lead to student’s tardiness and
absenteeism.Some social issues arise due to the economic strata a
student belongs to. One reason is to assess state of current
knowledge. Relatedly, literature reviews assess what is not known-the
gaps in knowledge. It is quite common in published literature reviews
to find a discussion of what directions ought to be taken by future
research on a topic. Such discussions define productive lines of
research and promote integration of future findings with current
knowledge. A third reason is to advance theory. . Learning in a system
of group collaboration is one of the best ways in gaining knowledge. It
is a teamwork which the framework relies on an individual learning
from the others and others learning from that individual.
When a student misses a day of school he/she must have lost the
chance to hear others, interpret and analyzing the lessons or joins the
interaction within the class. This lost is being rooted to two different
courses and varying factors under these courses. The inquiry might be
a family situation or an individual problem. The reasons for learner
absenteeism generally fall in three broad categories: personal (illness,
learning difficulties); socio-economic (transport, lack of parental
involvement, dysfunctional families, the impact of HIV/AIDS, drug
abuse, teenage pregnancy), and school-based (boredom, punishment
for late-coming, bullying and violence in schools). The local literature
review aimed at assessing the extent of learner absenteeism in South
Africa by examining existing large-scale studies on the incidence of
learner absenteeism in South Africa. absenteeism
CONCLUSION
According to Josephine Almonte, Busy yourself on your favorite
subjects and avoid having barkadas to keep your mind in your studies
According to Erissa Tabuena,When the teaching of teacher are
sleepy and powerless.
According to Avelyn Toya,Because of financial problem.
According to Jhoreen Palma, Because of laziness,personal
dilemma,Lack of interest,attitude problem and problems inside the
family,money manners(financial problem).
According to Jun Babera, Things that influences to be an absentee
are Firstly, all those things that are notin school like vices,freedom and
earthly happiness with there peers.Secondly,fears about things that
they cannot do or they did’nt do like homeworks,exams,projects etc.
And Thirdly, Sometimes they don’t like the persons around them while
in school like teachers,classmates and threat by others.
According to Jethro T.,On a rebel.
According to Manny Paloma,To prevent absenteeism in school eat
3x a day and take the vitamins and if you do that you prevent in sick
and if you prevent in sick you prevent also in absent in school.
According to Laurel,Elaine, Absenteeeism may results to
decreased rating on all of subjects with the most no.of absents
done.also,to attendance and attitude.In conclusion it decreases the
student’s overall performance in school.
RECOMMENDATION
Absenteeism from school is a serious public health issue for
mental health professionals, physicians, and educators. The prevalence
of unexcused absences from school exceeds that of major childhood
behavior disorders and is a key risk factor for violence, injury,
substance use, psychiatric disorders, and economic deprivation. This
article involves a contemporary research review on absenteeism
prevalence, comorbid physical and psychiatric conditions,
