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ASHBY PLOTS
WHAT ARE ASHBY PLOTS?
• Also known as Material Selection Charts
• It plots two properties of various materials, e.g. density
vs Young’s Modulus or tensile strength vs cost/unit of
tensile strength
• Such plots are used for design decisions that require
maximizing the two properties
• Named for Michael Ashby (1935-), Cambridge Materials
Science Professor
EXAMPLES OF ASHBY PLOTS
HOW DO WE USE ASHBY PLOTS?
• First we determine the criteria we want to apply
• For example: Finding the best material for the rims/spokes in motorcycle
tyres.
• Specifically for members under tension.
• Start with theory: 𝐴 =𝑃
𝜎, 𝑚 = 𝜌𝐿𝐴 =
𝜌𝐿𝑃
𝜎
• Say we want to make the tyre as light as possible
• So to minimize mass, we want to maximize yield stress(failure
strength) to density.
• This assumes that L, P and A are non-negotiable constraints.
HOW DO WE USE ASHBY PLOTS?
• Then we draw a line (or curve) that matches the criteria we want
to apply.
• In this case, it’s a line with a slope of strength over density.
• Then we shift this line up until we reach the best type of material
to apply.
• In this case, it is CFRP or Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
• Should the material prove to be unsuitable (i.e. too expensive),
we shift the line downwards up until we find a more satisfactory
choice.
• In this case, Magnesium alloys which are widely used in
bicycle tyres.
• You can also use Ashby plots to maximize two
requirements, such as beams under axial loads and
beams under a moment.
• To do this, you plot lines that correspond to the
equations you are using, in this case maximizing 𝜎
𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 and
𝜎
𝜌 (𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠)
• Your ideal choice would be at the intersection of the
two lines.
RESOURCES
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_selection
• http://www.rose-hulman.edu/~stienstr/em203/Ashby