8/7/2019 ashrae55

1/37

Brian Lynch, Big Ass Fans

SecretaryCommittee Member thru June 2012

Michael ORourke, Radiant AdvantageVoting MemberCommittee Member thru June 2011

Brian LynchBrian Lynch , Big Ass Fans, Big Ass Fans

SecretarySecretaryCommittee Member thru June 2012Committee Member thru June 2012

Michael OMichael O RourkeRourke , Radiant Advantage, Radiant AdvantageVoting MemberVoting MemberCommittee Member thru June 2011Committee Member thru June 2011

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

2/37

Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 55

Meets:ASHRAE Winter Meeting (January)ASHRAE Annual Meeting (June)

Conference Call 2-4 times per year

Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 55Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) 55

Meets:Meets:ASHRAE Winter Meeting (January)ASHRAE Winter Meeting (January)ASHRAE Annual Meeting (June)ASHRAE Annual Meeting (June)

Conference Call 2Conference Call 2 --4 times per year4 times per year

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

3/37

The ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan centers on theconcept of Sustainability.

One of the goals of this research is to optimize andmake consistent ASHRAE Standards 90, 62, and 55 toachieve measured and verified high system energyefficiency with high indoor environmental quality.

The ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan centers on theThe ASHRAE Research Strategic Plan centers on theconcept of Sustainability.concept of Sustainability.

One of the goals of this research is to optimize andOne of the goals of this research is to optimize andmake consistentmake consistent ASHRAE Standards 90, 62, andASHRAE Standards 90, 62, and 5555 totoachieve measured and verified high system energyachieve measured and verified high system energyefficiency with high indoor environmental quality.efficiency with high indoor environmental quality.

ASHRAE ResearchASHRAE Research

8/7/2019 ashrae55

4/37

Thermal comfort is themain reason w e havebuildings.

Thermal comfort is theThermal comfort is themain reason w e havemain reason w e havebuildings.buildings.

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

5/37

Tents are pretty energyefficient.Tents are pretty energyTents are pretty energyefficient.efficient.

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

6/37

HistoryHistory

19661966 replaced 1938 Code for Minimumreplaced 1938 Code for MinimumRequirements for Comfort Air ConditioningRequirements for Comfort Air Conditioning

Comfort Zone = 73Comfort Zone = 73 --77 F, 20 to 60 % RH, 4577 F, 20 to 60 % RH, 45

fpmfpm

8/7/2019 ashrae55

7/37

Section 1Purpose:

- specify the combinations of indoor thermal environmental factors personal factors

- acceptable to a majority of the occupantsw ithin the space.

Section 1Section 1Purpose:Purpose:

-- specify the combinations of specify the combinations of indoor thermal environmental factorsindoor thermal environmental factors personal factorspersonal factors

-- acceptable to a majority of the occupantsacceptable to a majority of the occupantsw ithin the space.w ithin the space.

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

8/37

Section 2 Scope Addresses environmental factors And personal factors up to 10,000 ft doesnt cover air quality, etc.

Section 3 Definitions

Section 4 - General Requirements must specify the space to which it applies activity and clothing of the occupants must be considered

Section 2Section 2 ScopeScope Addresses environmental factorsAddresses environmental factors And personal factorsAnd personal factors up to 10,000 ftup to 10,000 ft doesndoesn t cover air quality, etc.t cover air quality, etc.

Section 3Section 3 DefinitionsDefinitions

Section 4Section 4 -- General RequirementsGeneral Requirements must specify the space to which it appliesmust specify the space to which it applies activity and clothing of the occupants must be consideredactivity and clothing of the occupants must be considered

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

9/37

Section 5 Conditions that Provide Thermal Comfort5.1 Introduction

Six Primary Thermal Comfort Variables

Air temperature

Humidity

Section 5 Conditions that Provide Thermal Comfort5.1 Introduction

Six Primary Thermal Comfort VariablesSix Primary Thermal Comfort Variables

Air temperatureAir temperature

HumidityHumidity

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

10/37

Section 55.1 Introduction

Six Primary Thermal Comfort VariablesMetabolic rateClothing insulation

Air temperatureRadiant temperatureAir SpeedHumidity

Section 55.1 Introduction

Six Primary Thermal Comfort VariablesSix Primary Thermal Comfort VariablesMetabolic rateMetabolic rateClothing insulationClothing insulation

Air temperatureAir temperatureRadiant temperatureRadiant temperatureAir SpeedAir SpeedHumidityHumidity

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

11/37

Method for Determining Acceptable

Thermal Conditions in OccupiedSpaces (Section 5.2)

Graphical Method for Typical IndoorEnvironments

Computer Model Method for GeneralIndoor Application

Method for Determining AcceptableMethod for Determining Acceptable

Thermal Conditions in OccupiedThermal Conditions in OccupiedSpaces (Section 5.2)Spaces (Section 5.2)

Graphical Method for Typical IndoorGraphical Method for Typical IndoorEnvironmentsEnvironments

Computer Model Method for GeneralComputer Model Method for GeneralIndoor ApplicationIndoor Application

ANSI/ASHRAE 55ANSI/ASHRAE 55 --20042004Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human OccupancyThermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy

8/7/2019 ashrae55

12/37

Acceptable Range of OperativeAcceptable Range of OperativeTemperaturesTemperatures ASHRAE 55ASHRAE 55 --2004, Figure 5.2.1.12004, Figure 5.2.1.1

8/7/2019 ashrae55

13/37

Acceptable Range of OperativeAcceptable Range of OperativeTemperaturesTemperatures Figure 5.2.1.1Figure 5.2.1.1

Operative TemperatureOperative Temperature

8/7/2019 ashrae55

14/37

predicted mean vote (PMV) predicted mean vote (PMV) : : an index that predicts thean index that predicts the meanmean

value of the votesvalue of the votes of a large group of persons on the sevenof a large group of persons on the seven --point thermal sensation scale.point thermal sensation scale.

PMV model uses heat balance principles to relate the six keyPMV model uses heat balance principles to relate the six keyfactors for thermal comfort to the average response offactors for thermal comfort to the average response ofpeople on a seven point scale.people on a seven point scale.

predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) : : an index thatan index thatestablishes a quantitativeestablishes a quantitative prediction of the percentage ofprediction of the percentage of

thermally dissatisfied peoplethermally dissatisfied people determined from PMV.determined from PMV.

PMVPMV PPD IndexPPD Index

8/7/2019 ashrae55

15/37

Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) --0.5 to

8/7/2019 ashrae55

16/37

Acceptable Range of OperativeAcceptable Range of OperativeTemperaturesTemperatures ASHRAE 55ASHRAE 55 --2004, Figure 5.2.1.12004, Figure 5.2.1.1

8/7/2019 ashrae55

17/37

Acceptable Range of OperativeAcceptable Range of OperativeTemperaturesTemperatures ASHRAE 55ASHRAE 55 --2004, Figure 5.2.1.12004, Figure 5.2.1.1

8/7/2019 ashrae55

18/37

Acceptable Range of OperativeAcceptable Range of OperativeTemperaturesTemperatures ASHRAE 55ASHRAE 55 --2004, Figure 5.2.1.12004, Figure 5.2.1.1

8/7/2019 ashrae55

19/37

Local Thermal Discomfort FactorsLocal Thermal Discomfort FactorsRadiant temperature AsymmetryRadiant temperature AsymmetryVertical air temperature differenceVertical air temperature difference

Floor surface temperatureFloor surface temperatureTemperature variation with timeTemperature variation with timeCyclic variations in operative temperatureCyclic variations in operative temperatureDrifts or rampsDrifts or rampsDraftDraft (in winter)(in winter) -- ISO Comfort Standard 7730 defines draft asISO Comfort Standard 7730 defines draft as Unwanted local coolingUnwanted local cooling ..

A certain percentage of people are usually dissatisfied by a factor other than

thermal sensation, such as draft or radiant asymmetry.

8/7/2019 ashrae55

20/37

ASHRAE Thermal Comfort ToolASHRAE Thermal Comfort Tool

8/7/2019 ashrae55

21/37

8/7/2019 ashrae55

22/37

8/7/2019 ashrae55

23/37

8/7/2019 ashrae55

24/37

8/7/2019 ashrae55

25/37

Typical Office Cooling Values

Air temperature (75

F)Humidity (50% RH)Metabolic rate (1 met)

Radiant temperature (75

F)Clothing insulation (0.5 to 1.0 clo)Air speed (40 fpm or less)

Typical Office Cooling ValuesTypical Office Cooling Values

Air temperature (75Air temperature (75

F)F)Humidity (50% RH)Humidity (50% RH)Metabolic rate (1 met)Metabolic rate (1 met)

Radiant temperature (75Radiant temperature (75

F)F)Clothing insulation (0.5 to 1.0 clo)Clothing insulation (0.5 to 1.0 clo)Air speed (40 fpm or less)Air speed (40 fpm or less)

Designing for Thermal ComfortDesigning for Thermal Comfort -- CoolingCooling

8/7/2019 ashrae55

26/37

Savings from Raising ThermostatSavings from Raising ThermostatSettings in CoolingSettings in CoolingRule of Thumb

Each degree of thermostat offset saves ~ 2% of cooling energy

Energy Model - 20,000 ft 2 Office

Rule of ThumbRule of ThumbEach degree of thermostat offset saves ~ 2% of cooling energy

Energy ModelEnergy Model -- 20,000 ft20,000 ft 22 OfficeOfficeLocationLocation 75F Cooling75F Cooling 79.7F Cool ing79.7F Cooling %%

ReductionReduction

MiamiMiami 121,290 kWh121,290 kWh 108,735 kWh108,735 kWh 10.35 %10.35 %

HoustonHouston 94,420 kWh94,420 kWh 87,046 kWh87,046 kWh 7.81 %7.81 %

Los AngelesLos Angeles 45,913 kWh45,913 kWh 43,404 kWh43,404 kWh 5.46 %5.46 %

Kansas CityKansas City 50,575 kWh50,575 kWh 46,071 kWh46,071 kWh 8.91 %8.91 %

ChicagoChicago 43,035 kWh43,035 kWh 39,175 kWh39,175 kWh 9.01 %9.01 %

DenverDenver 38,904 kWh38,904 kWh 35, 147 kWh35, 147 kWh 9.66 %9.66 %

MadisonMadison 38,147 kWh38,147 kWh 34,799 kWh34,799 kWh 8.78 %8.78 %

8/7/2019 ashrae55

27/37

Air Speed Required to OffsetAir Speed Required to OffsetIncreased TemperatureIncreased Temperature Figure 5.2.3Figure 5.2.3

8/7/2019 ashrae55

28/37

Air Speed Required to OffsetAir Speed Required to OffsetIncreased TemperatureIncreased Temperature Figure 5.2.3Figure 5.2.3

8/7/2019 ashrae55

29/37

Acceptable Range of OperativeAcceptable Range of OperativeTemperaturesTemperatures ASHRAE 55ASHRAE 55 --2004, Figure 5.2.1.12004, Figure 5.2.1.1

1111 F per cloF per clo effect of changing clothing insulation on theeffect of changing clothing insulation on the

optimum operative temperatureoptimum operative temperature

8/7/2019 ashrae55

30/37

Radiant heating or cooling sources do not changeRadiant heating or cooling sources do not change

the temperature of the air in a space directly.the temperature of the air in a space directly.Due to the wavelength of the energy, an object isDue to the wavelength of the energy, an object isdirectly heated or cooled without cooling the airdirectly heated or cooled without cooling the airbetween.between.

Radiant TemperatureRadiant Temperature

8/7/2019 ashrae55

31/37

Standard 55 must find ways to better supportStandard 55 must find ways to better support

High Performance Buildings better.High Performance Buildings better.Change in Air speed limits good step.Change in Air speed limits good step.Must work on Adaptive Method.Must work on Adaptive Method.

Where is the Standard going?Where is the Standard going?

8/7/2019 ashrae55

32/37

Acceptable Operative TemperatureAcceptable Operative TemperatureRanges for Naturally Conditioned SpacesRanges for Naturally Conditioned SpacesFigure 5.3Figure 5.3

ttococ

= 66 + 0.255(= 66 + 0.255( ttoutout

-- 32)32) FF

8/7/2019 ashrae55

33/37

Acceptable Operative TemperatureAcceptable Operative Temperature

Ranges for Naturally Conditioned SpacesRanges for Naturally Conditioned SpacesFigure 5.3Figure 5.3

76.576.5

Denver =Denver =73.473.4 FF

76.676.6

8/7/2019 ashrae55

34/37

Mixed Mode ventilationMixed Mode ventilation swing seasonal use,swing seasonal use,

different zones.different zones.

Where is the Standard going?Where is the Standard going?

8/7/2019 ashrae55

35/37

What are people submitting for Standard 55What are people submitting for Standard 55

compliance (LEED and Standard 189.1)compliance (LEED and Standard 189.1)

Where is the Standard going?Where is the Standard going?

8/7/2019 ashrae55

36/37

Rearrange standard to start with occupant. StartRearrange standard to start with occupant. Startwith parameters such as metabolic rate, clothing,with parameters such as metabolic rate, clothing,and then working outward.and then working outward.Move impact of clo on setpoints from Appendix BMove impact of clo on setpoints from Appendix Bto front of normative body of standard.to front of normative body of standard.

Where is the Standard going?Where is the Standard going?

8/7/2019 ashrae55

37/37

HVAC is for people, requirements are forHVAC is for people, requirements are foroccupants, not buildings.occupants, not buildings.Goal should be to focus on making peopleGoal should be to focus on making peoplecomfortable not buildings.comfortable not buildings.

Where is the Standard going?Where is the Standard going?