TAR:VIE 28106

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

TO THE

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM

FOR THE

COASTAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

August 1995

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS(as of 28 February 1995)

Currency Unit

Dong (D)Dl 00

$0. 0000909$1.00

D11,000.00

For the purpose of calculations in this Report, the rate of $1 .00 = Dli ,000 hasbeen used. This was the rate prevailing during the preparation of the proposed technicalassistance.

ABBREVIATIONS

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

MOF - Ministry of Fisheries

TA - Technical Assistance

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year of the Government ends on 31 December.

(ii) In this Report, "$" refers to US dollars.

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The rehabilitation of Viet Nam's critical fisheries infrastructure and the developmentof sustainable aquaculture were first identified as urgent needs by a Bank Fisheries SectorReview Mission 1 in December 1992. Subsequently, a team of international consultants brieflyreviewed the aquaculture subsector in 1993 under funding arrangements with the CanadianInternational Development Agency (CIDA), during a feasibility study for the FisheriesInfrastructure Improvement Project. Recent work has provided an overview of the main influenceson coastal and marine management and the fragile ecosystems in which much of Viet Nam'scoastal aquaculture development has taken place.2

2. Concern about the rapid expansion of aquaculture, the resultant large-scaledegradation of coastal mangrove and Melaleuca forest areas, and a massive outbreak of shrimpdisease in 1993-1994 has led the Government to request the Bank for technical assistance (TA)in the development of sustainable coastal aquaculture. 3 The TA was initially discussed by a loanFact-finding Mission for the Fisheries Infrastructure Improvement Project in April 1994. A Follow-up Mission visited Viet Nam from 13 to 17 February 1995, during which an understanding wasreached with the Government on the objectives, scope, and terms of reference for the TAconsultants, estimated costs and financing plan, and implementation arrangements for the TA.

II. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

3. Estimates of Viet Nam's annual sustainable catch for marine fish range from1 .2 million to 1 .4 million tons, and the country has about 1 .4 million hectares of total inland waterarea suitable for aquaculture development. Adding to this aquaculture potential are over 300,000ha of tidal areas and hundreds of thousands of hectares of straits and bays suitable formariculture.

4. According to its development objectives, the Government intends to produce1 .6 million tons of fish by the year 2,000 by increasing the marine fish catch from 0.88 milliontons (1994) to 1 million tons and aquaculture production from 0.33 tons (1994) to 0.60 milliontons. This target is based on the remaining balance of marine fish and aquaculture resourcesand the past record of overall production growth, i.e., 22 percent for the marine catch and43 percent for aquaculture since 1986. The Government also aims to achieve a fishery exportvalue of $1 billion, up from $458 million in 1994, and increase the 1993 per capita fish supply

Based on the findings of a loint fisheries sector review mission from the Bank and the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO), which visited Viet Nam in December 1990.For example, see case study material prepared under RETA 5552: Coastal and Marine EnvironmentalManagement in the South China Sea - Workshop on Coastal and Marine Environmental Management(WCMEM) and Consultative Meeting (27-29 March 1995); and Results of a Survey on Shrimp Disease in MinhHai Province, Viet Nam (Faculty of Aquaculture, Can Tho University).The TA first appeared in ADB Business Opportunities in June 1994 as a Project Preparation TA. It wassubsequently decided that an assessment of the coastal aquaculture subsector and the development ofstrategic priorities were required prior to the preparation of a future coastal aquaculture development project.The advisory TA, as now proposed, will adopt a participatory approach to the subsector analysis as well asto the identification of potential areas for future detailed project preparation.

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of 11 .8 kg by 30 percent to 15.3 kg by the year 2000. There is a clear risk of conflict betweeneconomic growth and employment objectives, and the need for much improved resource andenvironmental management and control.

5. While inshore fishery resources are heavily exploited or overexploited, there areopportunities for fisheries development in oftshore waters. The opportunities are to some extentbeing taken up by the proposed Bank-financed Fisheries Infrastructure Improvement Project.Compared with this, aquaculture has the greatest immediate potential for increasing fishproduction and employment. For freshwater aquaculture development, which is not within thescope of this TA as it is being addressed through other initiatives, 1 the Government's primaryfocus will be on increasing the supply of domestic protein through integrated aquaculture,development of cage culture in rivers, development of cage culture and fish stocking inreservoirs, and increasing rice-fish culture. The Government's specific plans for coastalaquaculture development, primarily for export, include (i) emphasis on shrimp and crab cultureover an area of 260,000 ha; (ii) marine cage culture of high-value species such as grouper, seabass, and yellowtail; (iii) mussel and sea cucumber culture; and (iv) seaweed culture for agarand alginates (in 15 provinces from the central and northern regions).

6. Despitethese plans, there are environmental and disease constraints to expandingaquaculture, especially in coastal areas. Brackish water shrimp culture has been widelydeveloped in the coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta, such as Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang,and Minh Hai. As a result of the high profitability of successful operations, extensive cultivationsystems are being transformed into more intensive shrimp systems, and the huge expansion ofthe cultivated area has led to the degradation of the mangrove and Melaleuca ecosystems. Amajor outbreak of shrimp disease in 1993-1 994 decimated vast areas of ponds. In addition tothe environmental constraints, developing sustainable aquaculture in coastal areas requiresattention to policy, management, incentive structures, and institutional issues, including the needto determine the appropriate role for the Government in future development work. Otherconstraints that need to be addressed include outdated production and processing technologyand poor flow of information. In the past, the credit components of aquaculture projects oftenmet with limited acceptance by farmers. Examination of the aquaculture credit experience isrequired to identify an appropriate credit delivery mechanism.

7. At the 1992 Viet Nam Fisheries Development Workshop, the Government identifieda number of priority investment projects for funding in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.Among the projects are more than 30 covering large-scale commercial developments for shrimpculture, hatchery development, processing and marketing ventures, marine cage cultureoperations, shellfish farming, and related activities. The total costs for development andimplementation of the projects were estimated at $140 million. In March 1995, the severeenvironmental and economic consequences of unplanned developments were highlighted at the

Freshwater aquaculture is being pursued under ongoing Ministry of Fisheries programs, and the Ministry ofAgriculture is providing support services for expanding freshwater aquaculture activities with the assistanceof agencies such as FAO, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and International Center forLiving Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM).

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Workshop on Coastal and Marine Environmental Management (see footnote 2, page 1). Bef0refurther incentives to accelerate aquaculture development are provided, the main constraints asnoted above in para. 6 need to be thoroughly addressed.

III. THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

A. Objectives

8. The objectives of the TA are (i) to assist the Government in formulating aframework for sustainable development of coastal aquaculture, based on the country'scomparative advantage and market opportunities; and (ii) to undertake a preliminary investmentstudy for coastal aquaculture development.

B. Scope

9. The TA will include an assessment of coastal aquaculture 1 covering policies andinstitutional arrangements, environmental impact, technology, management, and incentives inthe context of common property resources, processing, identification of beneficiaries, trainingand extension, and research and development. It will also include organization of a local-levelparticipatory workshop and a national workshop to obtain feedback on existing constraints,perceived opportunities and priorities and appropriate roles for the Government and the privatesector. The TA will formulate a medium-term strategy for coastal aquaculture development andinvestment. The strategy will involve a preliminary assessment of coastal aquaculture investmentcovering the following topics:

(i) Institutional analysis and policy reforms. This will include identifying therehabilitation and enhancement requirements of research, training, andextension infrastructure for aquaculture; determining the requisiteimprovements in the regulatory framework and enforcement capability atnational and provincial levels; identifying any needed policy reforms (e.g.,in areas such as trade, investment, and pricing policies); and identifyingorganizational issues, including human resource development needs inresearch, extension, development planning, and management.

(ii) Development of coastal aquaculture infrastructure and support services.This will include rationalizing and upgrading existing coastal aquacultureand related infrastructure; identifying areas with low environmentalsensitivity for new coastal aquaculture; establishing of central supportservices (e.g., disease identification and control services and supply ofpathogen-free seed) and mechanisms of transfer and promotion ofappropriate aquaculture technologies; improving feed processing and

Taking into account highlights of the Fisheries Sector Strategy and Program (FAC, 1993). More recentntiatives, including the work of other funding agencies, will also be assessed to ensure that a coordinatedapproach is adopted.

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hatchery technology; improving processing, quality control and marketingof coastal aquaculture products; and enhancing and expanding theextension and technology transfer program in coastal aquaculture.

(iii) Credit. This will include identifying the capital needs for improving theefficiency of coastal aquatic farmers and processors as well as for newinvestments; examining the range of credit support currently available andthe preferences of aquaculture credit users; reviewing credit alternativesand, if appropriate, recommending an appropriate delivery mechanismand institutional arrangements for channeling credit, which takes intoaccount user preferences.

(iv) Social considerations. The sociocultural implications of future coastalaquaculture development will be examined. Major concerns in this regardare the role of women in coastal aquaculture, allocations and conflictsrelating to the use of land and other resources, social problems relatingto increased disposable income, alternative employment for coastalfisherfolk, and natural resource management under common propertyregimes.

(v) Environmental concerns. Environmental issues relating to coastalaquaculture development in Viet Nam will be examined: degradation ofmangrove and other forest habitats and associated ecological featuresresulting from the conversion of swamps for brackish water ponddevelopment, organic loading and the discharge of agrochemical wastesfrom aquaculture operations, loss of natural shrimp and fish stock fromexcessive exploitation of fry and feed, the need to avoid or mitigatepotential adverse environmental impacts of aquaculture activities, andcoastal pollution and disease problems.

C. Cost Estimates and Financing Plan

10. The total cost of the TA is estimated at $652,000, comprising $500,000 in foreignexchange and $152,000 equivalent in local currency as shown in Appendix 1. The Bank willprovide a grant of $600,000 to cover the entire foreign exchange cost and a portion ($100,000)of the local currency cost. The Government will provide the remaining local currency cost($52,000) from its own resources. The Government has been informed that approval of the TAdoes not necessarily commit the Bank to finance any ensuing project.

D. Implementation Arrangements

11. The duration of the TA will be five months. It is expected to start in November 1995and be completed in April 1996. A team of consultants will be recruited and engaged by theBank through a qualified firm in accordance with the Bank's Guidelines on the Use of Consultants(see Appendix 2). The executing agency for the TA will be the Ministry of Fisheries (MOF), wherea project coordinator will be assigned on a full time basis together with supporting staff andcounterpart facilities required for the TA. Provision will be made in the TA for rental of a servicevehicle and the engagement of local supporting staff (interpreter and assistants).

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12. The activities of the consultants will be complemented by a working group to beconvened by MOF with the assistance of the consultants. Members of the working group willinclude potential beneficiaries, concerned agencies (especially the MOF, the State PlanningCommittee, Ministry of Finance, the Viet Nam Bank for Agriculture, and the Ministry of Forestry),private sector representatives, and nongovernment organizations. The working group wifl ensurethat there is broad understanding of, and commitment to the activities of the TA with respect tocoastal aquaculture development, and that the consultant team achieves adequate contact withand access to senior decision makers and fully understands existing policies, practices, and theplans of the Government and the private sector. The consultants will also need the workinggroup's feedback to the concepts and ideas arising from fieldwork and from internationalexperience.

13. There will be two workshops: one local-level workshop in Ca Mau, the capital cityof Minh Hal Province (a very important coastal aquaculture center), and one national-levelworkshop in either Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City. The local-level workshop will give the necessaryopportunity for the stakeholders - representatives of the main existing and future participantgroups, including the relevant Government institutions, and commercial and household levelaquatic farmers, processors, marketing interests, retail buyers and exporters —to fully participateand express their views about the major constraints and opportunities, the policy framework, andrelated design and implementation issues. The national-level workshop will ensure that a fullexchange of views at senior level is achieved so that there is full commitment to the proposeddevelopment strategy and priority investments that will emerge from the work of the consultantteam.

14. It is estimated that a total of 16 person-months of international expertise and16 person-months of local expertise will be required. The international expertise will comprisea fufl-time team leader (aquaculture specialist/planner), and expertise in the areas of aquacultureengineering, aquaculture economics and credit, aquatic environment, and marketing/processing.The local expertise will cover institutions/policy and planning, aquaculture engineering,aquaculture/rural extension, rural sociology/women-in-development, and coastal land useplanning.

15. The consultants will prepare an inception report at the end of the first month, aworkshop report at the end of month 3, and a draft final report at the end of month 4. All reportswill be considered in a tripartite meeting among representatives of the Government, and theBank, and the consultants. The final report will be submitted at the end of month 5.

IV. THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION

16. The President, acting under the authority delegated to hirr by the Board, hasapproved the provision of technical assistance, on a grant basis, to the Government of theSocialist Republic of Viet Nam in an amount not exceeding the equivalent of $600,000 for thepurpose of the Coastal Aquaculture Development Study and hereby repo ts his action to theBoard.

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Appendix 1

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COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN($)

Foreign Local TotalItem Currency Currency

A. Bank Financing

1. Consultantsa. International Consultants (16 person-months)

- Remuneration and Per Diem 360,000 360,000- International Travel 25,000 25,000

b. Local Consultants (16 person-months)- Remuneration and Allowances 43,000 43,000

2. Out-of-pocket Expensesa. Vehicle Rental (1 at $1,000/month for 16 months) 16,000 16,000b. Other Local Travel 12,000 12,000c. Communications and Report Preparation 9,000 5,000 14,000

3. Equipmenta. Office, including computer and software 9,000 9,000

4. Contract Negotiations a 4,000 4,000

5. Workshops 10,000 9,000 19,000

6. Resource Documents 6,000 6,000

7. Miscellaneous TA Administration and Support Costs b 12,000 3,000 15,000

8. Contingencies (15 percent) 65,000 12,000 77,000

Subtotal (A) 500,000 100,000 600,000

B. Government Financing

1. Counterpart Support 22,000 22,000

2. Office and Administration C 15,000 15,0003. Workshops 15,000 15,000

Subtotal (B) - 52,000 52,000

TOTAL (A + B) 500,000 152,000 652,000

a To cover the costs of two observers including an interpreter from the Ministry of Fisheries, to visit Maniladuring contract negotiations

b Including translation expenses and incidentalsC Including an interpreter/assistant

7 Appendix 2, page 1

TERMS OF REFERENCE

A. General Terms of Reference

1. International Expertise

1. Each of the international consultants will work closely with a local counterpart withappropriate expertise who has been assigned to the study by the Government. The consultancyteam will work closely with the Ministry of Fisheries (MOF) and the technical assistance (TA)working group to prepare and implement the proposed local-level participatory workshop, thenational-level aquaculture workshop, other discussions, and all related reports. The general termsof reference for the international consultants under the TA will include, but will not be limited to,the following:

(I) Aquaculture Planning Aspects/Team Leader

(a) in consultation with the local consultants, assist the executingagency to set up the working group and plan the work, travel,workshops, reporting, and logistics for the TA; participate inplanning and conducting workshops with representatives of thevarious future participant groups to gauge priorities and ideas thatmay be relevant to strategy development and investment projectdesigns;

(b) review past trends in investment, production, employment, andexports and, based on an investigation of a sample of currentoperations, make projections that include scenarios emphasizinggreater resource and environmental sustainability, the likely optionsfor future expansion, and the most appropriate roles for the publicand private sectors;

(c) identify coastal aquaculture sites and species based onenvironmental considerations, economic and market factors,biophysical criteria, and socioeconomic and cultural constraints;and evaluate them in terms of prospective private sectorinvestment;

(d) develop strategies for control and prevention of coastalaquaculture disease problems for implementation by both thepublic and private sectors;

(e) identify opportunities for diversification of income-generatingactivities in coastal fishing communities;

8 Appendix 2, page 2

(f) assist in preparing a human resource development program forMOE and the provincial fisheries personnel that includes improvingcapabilities in research, extension, and training services to small-scale fish farmers; and coastal aquaculture management practices(particularly for shrimp and crab);

(g) contribute to the preparation of a design and implementation planfor a central aquaculture information system; and

(h) assist in identifying related environmental concerns, particularlyregarding mangrove and Melaleuca ecosystems, and formulatingappropriate measures to avoid and/or mitigate potentialenvironmental impacts of aquaculture activities.

(ii)

Aquaculture Engineering Aspects

(a) review and assess existing infrastructure (e.g., water supply anddrainage), soil and water suitability, and services (e.g., hatcheriesand feed mills) in the coastal aquaculture subsector;

(b) identify and formulate plans for priority coastal aquacultureinfrastructure and facilities (including indicative designs), and fordistinguishing between appropriate public and private sectorfacilities; and

(c) assist in preparing a human resource development program forMOF and provincial governments in extension, research, watersupply systems, environmental control and monitoring, and otherservice functions to support private sector development ofaquaculture facilities, especially shrimp ponds, water supplysystems, and hatcheries;

(iii)

Aquaculture Economics and Credit Aspects

(a) review all existing government economic policies relevant toaquaculture; in addition, review all existing subsidies and taxes thatimpact on the aquaculture sector;

(b) describe relevant concepts and functional aspects of environmentaleconomics and discuss likely options for more effectivemanagement and conservation of coastal aquaculture resources;

(c) assist as necessary in the formulation of a human resourcedevelopment program for MOF and provincial fisheries staff;

(d) review and assess experience in aquaculture credit, current creditprograms available, and the credit requirements of aquatic farmers,hatchery operators, and processors in Viet Nam; identify

9 Appendix 2, page 3

appropriate credit implementation and delivery mechanisms; andidentify credit availability and requirements for longer terminvestments in coastal areas;

(e) assist in reviewing existing policies and the institutional frameworkrelating to aquaculture development and advise the Governmenton appropriate strategies to encourage private sector and foreigninvestment in the subsector;

(f) undertake financial analysis of a range of existing small-scale tolarge-scale coastal aquaculture operations and processing plantsto identify and highlight the key factors leading to technical andfinancial viability, the major investment and operating constraints;the existing and projected levels of output, yields, and profit; andthe financing and management requirements for successfuloperations;

(g) undertake estimations of comparative advantage for major coastalaquaculture products (especially shrimp and crab), and maricultureproducts (especially grouper, sea bass, molluscs and seaweeds),presented in the form of domestic resource cost (DRC) coefficients;and

(h) undertake economic and financial analyses required under thestudy, using the Bank's Guidelines for Economic Analysis andGuidelines for Preparation and Presentation of Financial Analysis;and evaluate the economic and financial viability of a proposedinvestment project, including sensitivity and risk analysis.

(iv) Aquatic Environment Aspects

(a) prepare a basic coastal area environmental profile/inventory, withparticular emphasis on coastal mangrove and Melaleucaecosystems;

(b) based on a thorough review, identify and quantify significantpotential environmental impacts from current and proposedaquaculture development activities, with particular attention toconstruction of shrimp ponds, in the coastal zone;

(c) contribute to the formulation of a human resource developmentprogram for MOF and the coastal provinces that will improve staffcapabilities in environmental awareness and integrated coastalresource management and development; in particular, the programshould heighten awareness of resource-use issues andsustainability;

(d) assist in developing sustainable aquaculture operations andmanagement strategies for the coastal zone;

10 Appendix 2, page 4

(e) develop effluent discharge guidelines and monitoring proceduresfor semi-intensive coastal aquaculture systems;

(f) recommend improvements to current policy, management, andregulatory approaches directed at controlling negative impactsfrom coastal aquaculture development;

(g) assist in developing priority research and development programsfocused on sustainable aquaculture practices; and

(h) study and take into account the conclusions presented in 'State ofthe Coastal and Marine Environment Report - Viet Nam 1994,""Mangroves of Viet Nam," and other reference material availablefrom the Bank and other involved agencies.

(v) Marketing and Processing Aspects

(a) review and assess existing domestic and export marketingstrategies and initiatives for coastal aquatic products in Viet Namand determine the country's comparative advantage and marketopportunities, both domestic and export, in such products;

(b) review historical trends in domestic and export prices andquantities of aquaculture products and, on the basis of anassessment of present and future demand for these products,provide projections of prices and aquaculture production;

(c) review existing marketing institutions and arrangements andformulate an appropriate marketing strategy for coastal aquaticproducts, over the short term to the medium term;

(d) review and assess existing processing facilities and operations forcoastal water aquatic products in Viet Nam, and determinemedium-term processing strategies and investment requirements;

(e) review and assess current quality control procedures in fish andshrimp processing and make recommendations on upgradingquality control procedures to meet or exceed internationalstandards; and

(f) contribute to the formulation of a human resource developmentprogram for MOF and the provincial fisheries staff that will improvecapabilities in fish marketing, processing, and quality control.

11 Appendix 2, page 5

2. Local Expertise

2. Each of the domestic consultants will work closely with the internationalconsultants. The local consultants will play a key role in the workshops and with the workinggroup. Broad terms of reference for the local consultants under the TA will include but not belimited to, the following:

(I) Institutions/Policy and Planning Aspects

(a) review and evaluate existing institutional arrangements forcoordinating sustainable development activities in coastalaquaculture and assess legal and cost recovery aspects as well asthe roles, responsibilities, and capabilities of national, provincial,and district organizations administering or providing services tocoastal aquaculture, and make recommendations for rationalizingand enhancing these roles and capabilities. Specific enquiries willbe directed to existing management responsibilities and practicesinvolving the Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Fisheries, and anyother relevant agencies;

(b) make recommendations concerning the functional relationshipsbetween government institutions with respect to sustainable coastalaquaculture management and development;

(c) review and assess existing coastal aquaculture research (includingany private sector research) programs and capacity, andrecommend any priority reforms or capacity improvementsrequired;

(d) assess the capabilities within MOF and other relevant agencies foridentifying, prioritizing, formulating, appraising, approving,implementing, and monitoring coastal aquaculture developmentprojects; and

(e) contribute as appropriate to the formulation of human resourcedevelopment programs for MOF and the provincial fisheriespersonnel.

(ii) Aquaculture Engineering Aspects

(a) review and assess existing infrastructure (e.g., water supply anddrainage) and services (e.g., hatcheries and feed mills) for coastalaquaculture;

(b) identify and formulate plans for priority coastal aquacultureinfrastructure and facilities (including indicative designs),distinguishing between appropriate public and private sectorfacilities; and

12 Appendix 2, page 6

(c) assist in preparing a human resource development program forMOF and the provincial authorities in providing essential supportservices and appropriate resource and environmental managementrequired by privately owned aquaculture facilities, in particular,shrimp ponds, water supply systems, and hatcheries.

(iii) Aquaculture/Rural Extension Aspects

(a) review and evaluate Government aquaculture extension practicesand procedures and make recommendations for improving currentaquaculture extension activities, including enhancing extensionservices to improve or strengthen the roles of and opportunities forwomen and for private sector extension services;

(b) assist in identifying credit availability and the credit requirementsof coastal aquatic farmers, hatchery operators, and processors;

(c) assist in formulating a suitable approach to improving socialinfrastructure for coastal aquatic farmers and hatchery operators;and

(d) formulate a human resource development program to upgrade thecapabilities of MOF and provincial fisheries staff in coastalaquaculture extension services.

(iv) Rural Sociology/Women in Development Aspects

(a) review and evaluate the sociological aspects of coastal aquaculturedevelopment and extension in Viet Nam;

(b) assist in developing improved extension practices for both menand women involved in coastal aquaculture;

(c) assist in identifying credit availability and the requirements ofaquatic farmers, hatchery operators, and processors, with aparticular emphasis on promoting equitable access to credit forwomen;

(d) review and evaluate current social infrastructure in coastalaquaculture (e.g., aquatic farmer/women's cooperatives andcollectives, etc.) and describe a suitable approach to improvingsocial infrastructure for aquatic farmers and hatchery operators;

(e) review the role of women in coastal aquaculture and recommendstrategies and guidelines for including women in coastalaquaculture policy formulation and planning; and

13 Appendix 2. pa. 7

(f) assist in formulating a human resource development program toupgrade the capabilities of MOF and provincial fisheries staff incoastal aquaculture extension services;

(v) Coastal Land-Use Planning Aspects

(a) review and assess current land-use guidelines and regulations,including land and water tenure aspects, for coastal aquacultureplanning and development; and

(b) make recommendations on improving land-use planning forcoastal aquaculture development.

B. Reporting Requirements

3. The consultant team, in cooperation with the counterpart staff, will prepare fourfully integrated reports during the TA. The draft final report will be submitted two weeks prior tothe tripartite meeting at the end of the fourth month. The reports will comprise the following:

(I) inception report (end of the first month): details on the activities to beundertaken during the TA; it will present a comprehensive implementationplan, which will include the local-level and national-level workshops;

(ii) workshop report (end of the third month): a summary of the proceedingsand recommendations of the local-level participatory workshop and thenational-level workshop on coastal aquaculture development;

(iii) draft final report (end of month 4): a comprehensive review of the coastalaquaculture subsector and a medium-term development strategy, whichis based on the country's comparative advantage and marketopportunities and which indicates investment priorities; and

(iv) final report (end of month 5): an integrated medium-term developmentstrategy and investment study for coastal aquaculture development. Thequality and clarity of the final report will need to be of a very highstandard, for an edited version is intended for publication.