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Lecture #3:
GeneralInformation
on Asia
Part 3:Asian Religions & Philosophies
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IslamSubmission to the Will of Allah
Founded by Mohammad in 630 AD
Most Dominant religion in Asia
Sacred Place: Mecca in Saudi Arabia(where the famous Kaaba or house
of Allah is located
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Islam
HEGIRA fli t fr
t i
- rk t i i f t li l r
QURAN r riti , r it ti
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5 Pillars
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Christianity
Foundation was believed to
be in 1 AD
Jesus Christ as the founder
Sacred Place is Jerusalem
Sacred Boo : Bible
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3 Principal Groups
Roman
CatholicChurch
1
GreekOrthodox
Church
2
ProtestantChurch
3
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2 Main Tenets
Love GodAbove all
things
Love thneighbo r
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Confucianism
Centers on ethics & morality
Founder: Confucius
School of Scholars: Ru Jia
Man of Virtue: Chun Tzu
Sacred Writing: Analects
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Emphasizes on:
6 Arts
Archery
Charioting
Music
Ritual History
Numbers
6 Classics
I Ching
Shu Ching
Shih Ching
Chun Chu Li Ching
Yueh Ching
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Emphasizes on:
5 HumanRelations
Ruler
Father
Husband
Older Brother Friend
8 virtues
Jen/Ren
Yi
Li
Zhi
Xin Yueh
Hsiao
Ti
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Taoism/Daoism
Religion of mysticism
Founder: Lao Tzu
Sacred Text: Tao Te Ching
at present is concentrated in Taiwanhaving 20 million followers
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Taoism/DaoismAbsolute Reality: Tao/DaoImplies no beginning and no end
Yin-Yang: Reality that moves in dual form;
opposing but is complementary
Emphasizes on Simplicity: living in
accordance with nature; limiting ones
action to:Natural: without rules and conventions
Necessary: towards the attainment of a
certain goal
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BuddhismOriginated in India
Founder: Siddharta Gautama
Buddha: Enlightened One
Nirvana: Perfect Happiness
Sacred writing: Tripita as
(3 Bas et of Knowledge)
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Buddhism
Four signs
1. Beggar2. Old Man
3. Sic Man
4. Dead
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Four Noble Truth
Life isfull of suffering
There is a
cause to suffering
It is caused
by selfish desire
There is anend to suffering
8 Fold Path
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8Fold Path
Right
Belief
Speech
Aspiration
Conduct Livelihood
Remembrance
Effort
Meditation
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Branches of Buddhism
1.Hinayana / Therave (Lesser Vehicle)
Mon s are called ARHAT
Practiced in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos
Sinhales-Theravada: Myanmar, Sri Lan a Lamaism
2.Mahayana (Greater Vehicle)
Saints are called BODDHISATTVA Practiced in China, Korea, Taiwan
Zen: Japan
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Shintoism
SHEN TAO: meaning the way of the gods
Amaterasu: Sun Goddess; ancestor of the
Japanese
Jimmu Tenno: 1stEmperor, great grandson of
Amaterasu
KAMI: divine spirit
Emphasizes on Purity
Sacred Writing: KOJIKI & NIHONJI
Way of the Gods
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Three Symbols
1.Jewel
- Represent generosity and obedience
2.Sword
- Represent wisdom and justice
3.Mirror- Represent honesty and truthfulness
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HinduismNo founder but was believed to be brought by theIndo Aryans
Samsara: Reincarnation; Cycle of birth and rebirth
Sacred Animal: Cow
Material Wealth: Artha
Sensual Pleasure: Kama
Duty or Obligation: Dharma
Liberation: Mo sha
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Trimurti
1.Brahma2.Shiva
3.Vishnu
Varna (Caste System)
1. Brahmins
2. Kshatriyas
3. Vaisyas
4. Sudras
5. Chandalas
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Vedas (sacred book)
1. Rig Veda
2. Sama Veda
3. Yajur Veda
4. Atharva Veda
San rit word meaning nowledge
Consist of four boo s:
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JainismFounder: Vardhamana Mahavira
(Conqueror)
also believes in arma, mo sha, dharma
Teacher: Tirthant ara
Sacred Writing: Agamas
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3 Jewels
1. Right conduct2. Right Knowledge
3. Right Conviction
5Commandments of the soul
1. Ahimsa
2. Satya
3. Asteya
4. Brahmacharya
5. Aparigraha
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SikhismFounder: Guru Nana
Sacred Place: Amritsar, Punjab
Combination of Islam and Hinduism
Sacred Writing: Granth Sahib / Adi Granth
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SikhismFounder of Khalsa: Govind Singh
Members have titles:
Singh
Kaur
Their possession includes:
Kesa
KanghaKirpan
Kara
Kacch/ Kacha
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ZoroastrianismFounder: Zoroaster
Also called Parsism in India
Worship fire: Symbol of Ahura
Mazda (Light)
Sacred text: ZEND A VESTA
Gathas: abstract sacred poetry
to worship God
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ZoroastrianismMotto: Good thoughts, good words,
and good deeds
Believes that the universe is a
battlefield between two opposing
forces:
Ahura-Mazda
Ahriman/
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