Label server Control:Is used to display the text int the browser. Bcoz this is the server control u can dynamically alter the text from your server side code.

Vb: Label1.text=welcome to asp.net

C#: Label1.text=welcome to asp.net;

We can also assign the hot key to the control. This causes the page to focus on a particular server control that u declaratively assign to a specific hot-keys.When working with the hot keys, be aware that not all the letters are available to use with the alt keys. IE already uses Alt + F,E,V,I,O,T,A,W and H.

Set the property for the label control in the property window as below:

Text Box server control:

The control provides a textboxbox on the form that enables the end user to input text.We can map the textbox control to three different HTML elements used in the forms.First, it can be used as a standard HTML textbox.Second, the textbox can allow end user to input their passwords into a forms. The is done by changing the textmode property to password.Third , the textbox can be used as a multitline textbox. When working with multiline be aware of the wrap property. When set to true the text is entered into text area wraps to the next lline if needed. When set to false, the end user can type continuously in a single line until she presses the enter key.

Focus () method:The focus() method enables you to dynamicallty place the end users cursor in an appointed form element. protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {textbox1.focus();}

Using AutoPostBack:Asp.NET pages work in an event-driven way. When an action on a web page triggers as event, server-side code is initiated. One of the more common events is an end user clicking a button on the form.Using AutoCompleteType:One of the great capabilities for any web form is smart autocompletion. We have seen this when we visited a site for the first time. As we start filling information in a form, a drop down list appears below the textbox as we type, showing you a value that yo have typed in a previous form.

The textbox is having the AUTOCOMPLETE property, which enables you to apply the auto-completion feature to your own forms. You have to help the textboxes on your form to recognize the type of information that they should be looking for.

The Button server control:Buttons are generally used to submit forms.PROPERTY:CauseValidation Property: if you have more than one button on urweb page and you are working with the validation server server controls, you may not want to fire the validation for ech button on the form. Setting the causeValidation property to False is a way to use a button that will not fire the validation process.

CommandName property: When you have multiple Button controls on a Web page, use the CommandName property to specify or determine the command name associated with each Button control. You can set the CommandName property with any string that identifies the command to perform. You can then programmatically determine the command name of the Button control and perform the appropriate actions.

Design the web form with three buttons and set the property commandname for button1 as b1, button2 as b2 and button3 as b3

protected void Button_Command(Object sender, System.Web.UI.WebControls.CommandEventArgs e) { switch (e.CommandName) { case ("b1"): Response.Write("button1 clicked"); break;

case ("b2"): Response.Write("button 2 clicked "); break;

case ("b3"): Response.Write("button 3 clicked "); break; }

}

Link button server controlUse the LinkButton control to create a hyperlink-style button on a Web Forms page. Specify the text to display in the LinkButton control by setting the Text property.

In the following example we declare one LinkButton control in an .aspx file. Use the LinkButton control if you want to link to another Web page when the control is clicked.

3

Hyperlink server controlCreates a link on the page that users can click to move to another page.

Place HoldersThis control is intended to be used as a place holder when u add control to a web form at runtime.they dont insert any HTML into a web page themselves, but u can add controls to them with their Controls.Add method.

public partial class panel_placeholder : System.Web.UI.Page{ TextBox t1=new TextBox() ; TextBox t2 = new TextBox(); protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { t1.Text = "textbox is in placeholder"; t2.Text = "textbox is in panel";

PlaceHolder1.Controls.Add(t1); Panel1.Controls.Add(t2); }}

File Upload controlThis control is intended to be used to upload the files from the client-side to the server-side.

While working with the Fileupload class one should always remember that it does not automatically save the files on the server-side.

To save files on the server-side you need to use saveas() method.

Before saving files with the saveAs() method, you must ensure that ASP.NET has write permissions on the specified directory, otherwise the operation will be failed.

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (FileUpload1.HasFile ) try { FileUpload1.SaveAs ("C:\\Uploads\\" + FileUpload1.FileName);Label1.Text ="file name :" + FileUpload1.PostedFile.FileName + ""+ FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength +"kb "+"Content type :" + FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentType ; }

catch (Exception ex) { Label1.Text ="error--->" + ex.Message.ToString(); } else { Label1.Text ="u have not specified file" ; }

}Second example

Image ControlThey just display an image in a web page. To associate an image with an IMAGE control, u just assign the image url to the image control. U can set the image width and height with the witdth and height property.

Image1.imageurl=~/imagename.gif;

IMAGE BUTTONYou can use image button controls to display images that can also handle click events. This is particularly useful if u want to create image maps- those clickable images that initiate various actions depending on where you click them.

IMAGE MAPSImageMap control. This control enables you to create an image that has individual regions that users can click; these regions are referred to as hot spots. Each of these hot spots can be a separate hyperlink or can raise a postback event. The following code example shows how to respond to a user click in an ImageMap control. The page contains an ImageMap control with four rectangular hot spots. Each hot spot's PostBackValue property is set to a unique value. The code in the handler checks for each value and displays an appropriate response.

Drop down list server control:

The DropDownList Web server control allows users to select one or more items from a predefined list. It differs from the ListBox Web server control in that the list of items remains hidden until users click the drop-down button. In addition, the DropDownList control differs from the ListBox control in that it does not support multi-selection mode.To work with items programmatically, you work with the Items collection of the DropDownList control. Items is a standard collection, and you can add item objects to it, delete items, clear the collection, and so on.The currently selected item is available in the DropDownList control's SelectedItem property.DropDownList EventsThe DropDownList control raises an event SelectedIndexChanged when users select an item. By default, this event does not cause the page to be posted to the server, but you can cause the control to force an immediate post by setting the AutoPostBack property to true.

Dynamically generating a dropdownlist control from an arrayprotected void DropDownList1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { string[] cararr = new string[4] { "ford", "indica", "maruti", "BMW" }; string[] airarr = new string[3] { "deccan", "air india", "indigo" }; string[] trainarr = new string[4] { "satapdi", "congo", "ap", "rajdhni" }; if (DropDownList1.SelectedValue == "car") { ListBox1.DataSource = cararr; } else if(DropDownList1.SelectedValue == "airplane") { ListBox1.DataSource = airarr; } else { ListBox1.DataSource = trainarr; } ListBox1.DataBind (); }protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Write("u selected" + DropDownList1.SelectedValue.ToString() + ":" + ListBox1.SelectedValue.ToString() + ""); }

ListBoxThe ListBox Web server control displays a list of items from which we can make a selection. In this example we declare one ListBox control, and one Label control in an .aspx file. Then we create an event handler for the SelectedIndexChanged event which displays some text and the selected item, in a Label control. We can select one or more items from the list of items displayed.

In this example we declare one ListBox control, and one Label control in an .aspx file. Then we create an event handler for the SelectedIndexChanged event which displays some text and the selected item, in a Label control.

protected void ListBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {//for single selection list Label1.Text = ListBox1.SelectedItem.Text.ToString(); } protected void ListBox2_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { int i; for (i = 0; i

Calendar server controlThe Calendar control presents users with a calendar. It also offers date-picking functionality. After you add a Calendar control, it displays a month of dates at a time. In addition, it shows the week preceding and the week following the month. Therefore, a total of six weeks appears at once.

To set the selected date, use the SelectedDate property in the Properties window. By default, the SelectedDate property is the date on the server. Use the VisibleDate property to determine what month appears on the calendar. The user can move from month to month, changing the visible date without affecting the current date.

Selecting a single day in the calendar control protected void Calendar1_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Write("u selected:" + Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString()); }

Day,week or month selectionsBy default, the calendar control enables you to make single day selections. U can use the selectionmode property to change this behaviour to allow ur users to make week or month selection.

Working with date ranges protected void Calendar1_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Write("u selected:" + Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString()+""); for (int i = 0; i < Calendar1.SelectedDates.Count; i++) { Label1.Text += Calendar1.SelectedDates[i].ToShortDateString() + ""; } }

The following sample demonstrates mode selection with a Calendar control. In this example we declare one Calendar control, and one DropDownList control in an .aspx file. Then we create an event handler for the SelectedIndexChanged event which displays SelectionMode Style in a Calendar control.

You can make appointment-style calendars by adding content in the OnDayRender event. Two of the arguments for OnDayRender are the Day that is being rendered and its Cell object. Custom text can be added to the cell for a particular day by adding it as a LiteralControl to the Cell object's Controls collection, as shown in the following example.

Changing style and behavior of calendarThe calendar control includes an event called dayRender that allows you to control how a single date or all the dates in the calendar are rendered.

protected void Calendar1_DayRender(object sender, DayRenderEventArgs e) { e.Cell.VerticalAlign = VerticalAlign.Top ; if (e.Day.DayNumberText == "1" && e.Day.IsSelected && e.Day .Date.Month.ToString ()=="8") { e.Cell.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl(" user grioup meeting")); e.Cell.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black; e.Cell.BorderWidth = 1; e.Cell.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.Solid; e.Cell.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightGray; }

}

BulletedList You can also determine the style used for displaying the Bulleted list. The BulletedList control can be constructed of any number of < asp:ListItem > controls or can bedata-bound to a data source of some kind andpopulated based upon the contentsretrieved. Below listing shows simple Bulleted list

In this example we declare one BulletedList control, and one DropDownList control in an .aspxfile. Then we create an event handler for the SelectedIndexChanged event which displaysBullet Style in a BulletedList control.

Multiview and view server controlThe MultiView control acts as a container for groups of View controls. Each View control in turn contains child controls such as buttons and text boxes. Your application can programmatically display a specific View control to the client based on criteria such as user identity, user preferences, or information that is passed in a query string parameter. The multiview and view server control work together to give you the capability to turn on/off sections of ASP.NET page. Turning sections on and off , which means activating and deactivating a series of view control with multiview control

Example -1:Working with the multiview and view control

This example shows three views expressed int the multiview control. Each view is constructed with an

Each of the buttons in the multiview control triggers the nextview method. Nextview simply adds one of the activeviewindex value,thereby showing the nexti in the series until the last view is shown.

public void nextview(object sender, EventArgs e) { MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex += 1; }

The previousview method(UDF) substract one from the activeviewindex value, thereby showing the previous view in the view series.

public void prevview(object sender, EventArgs e) { MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex -= 1; }

Another option is to spice up the multiview control by adding a step counter that displays to a label control) which step in the series the end user is currently performing. In the Page_PreRender event, we c an write the code for it.

protected void Page_PreRender(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label1.Text = "step :" + (MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex + 1).ToString() + "of " + MultiView1.Views.Count.ToString(); }

Example 2

Wizard server control

The Wizard control enable you to build ASP.NET Web pages that present users with multi-step procedures.

In this , three steps are defined with the control.The element itself contains a couple of important attributes. The first is DisplaySideBar. It is set to true by default-meaning that a side navigation system in the displayed control enables the end user to quickly navigate to other steps in the process. The ActiveStepIndex attribute of the wizard control defines the first wizrd step, it is set to -0

Examining the AllowReturn Attribute:Another interesting attribute of the wizard control is the AllowRetun attribute. By setting this attribute on one of the wizard steps to False , you can remove the capability for end user to go back to this step after they have viewed it.

this is second step

StepType Attribute:Another interesting attribute is steptype. The steptype attribute defines the structure of the buttons used on ther steps. By default , the wizard control places only a next button on the first step. It understands that you donot need the previous button here. It also knows to use a next and previous button on the middle step, and it uses previous and finish buttons o the last step. By default the steptype attribute is set to Auto, meaning that the wizard control determines the placement of buttons.

In addition to Auto, steptype value options include Start,step,finish and complete. Start means that the step defined only NEXT button. A value of step means that wizard step has NEXT and PREVIOUS buttons. Finish means that the step includes PREVIOUS and FINISH button. Complete enables you to give some final message to the end user who is working through the step of wizard control.When you run this wizard control , u still see only the first three steps I the side navigation because the last step has a steptype set to complete, it does not appear in the side navigation list. When the user clicks the Finish button in step3, the last step-is shown and no buttons appear with it

Utilizing wizard control events:The wizard control event exposes events for each of the possible steps that an end user might take when working with the control.

EVENTDESCRIPTIONActiveStepChanged : The ActiveStepChanged event is raised when the current step that is displayed in the Wizard control changes.

protected void Wizard1_ActiveStepChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Wizard1.HeaderText = "You are currently on " +Wizard1.ActiveStep.Title; }

EVENTDESCRIPTION CancelButtonClick :The CancelButtonClick event is raised when the Cancel button on the Wizard control is clicked.

protected void Wizard1_CancelButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Redirect("default3.aspx"); }

FinishButtonClick : The FinishButtonClick event is raised when the Finish button the Wizard control is clicked. protected void Wizard1_FinishButtonClick1(object sender, WizardNavigationEventArgs e) { Response.Write("clicked finish"); }

EVENTDESCRIPTION NextButtonClick : The NextButtonClick event is raised when the Next button on the Wizard control is clicked. protected void Wizard1_NextButtonClick(object sender, WizardNavigationEventArgs e) { // When the Next button is clicked, increase the Wizard1.BorderWidth by 5. Wizard1.BorderWidth = Unit.Pixel((int)(Wizard1.BorderWidth.Value + 5)); }

PreviousButtonClick : The PreviousButtonClick event is raised when the prervious button on the Wizard control is clicked. protected void Wizard1_PreviousButtonClick(object sender, WizardNavigationEventArgs e) { // When the previous button is clicked, decrease the Wizard1.BorderWidth by 2. Wizard1.BorderWidth = Unit.Pixel((int)(Wizard1.BorderWidth.Value + 2)); }

EVENTDESCRIPTION SideBarButtonClick:The SideBarButtonClick event is raised when a button on the sidebar area is clicked.Using wizard control to show form elements:Design the form like below:

protected void wizardstep3_Activate(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label5.Text = "firstname:" + TextBox1.Text.ToString() + "" + "last name:" + TextBox2.Text.ToString() + "" + "email:" + TextBox3.Text.ToString(); }

ASP.NET Validation Server Controls:

An important aspect of creating ASP.NET Web pages for user input is to be able to check that the information users enter is valid. ASP.NET provides a set of validation controls that provide an easy-to-use but powerful way to check for errors and, if necessary, display messages to the user.Type of validationControl to useDescriptionRequired entryRequiredFieldValidatorEnsures that the user does not skip an entry. Comparison to a valueCompareValidatorCompares a user's entry against a constant value, against the value of another control (using a comparison operator such as less than, equal, or greater than), or for a specific data type.

Range checkingRangeValidatorChecks that a user's entry is between specified lower and upper boundaries. You can check ranges within pairs of numbers, alphabetic characters, and dates. Pattern matchingRegularExpressionChecks that the entry matches a pattern defined by a regular expression. This type of validation enables you to check for predictable sequences of characters, such as those in e-mail addresses, telephone numbers, postal codes, and so on. User-definedCustomValidatorChecks the user's entry using validation logic that you write yourself. This type of validation enables you to check for values derived at

run time. You can attach more than one validation control to an input control. For example, you might specify that a control is required and that it also contains a specific range of values.A related control, the ValidationSummary control, does not perform validation, but is often used in conjunction with other validation controls to display the error messages from all the validation controls on the page together.

ControlToValidate :The programmatic ID of the input control that the validation control will evaluate. If this is not a legitimate ID, an exception is thrown.ErrorMessage:The error message to display in the ValidationSummary control if validation fails. If the Text property of the validation control is not set, this text is also displayed in the validation control when validation fails. The ErrorMessage property is commonly used to provide different messages for the validation control and the ValidationSummary control.IsValid:Indicates whether the input control specified by the ControlToValidate property is determined to be valid.SetFocusOnError:Indicates whether focus is set to the control specified by the ControlToValidate property when validation fails. Text:When set, this message is displayed in the validation control when validation fails. If this property is not set, the text specified in the ErrorMessage property is displayed in the control.ValidationGroup:Specifies the name of the validation group to which this validation control belongs.

Login ControlsLogin control: is used to create the logon page for a web application.

LoginView control: provides a way of altering the appearance of the page whether the user is logged in or not.. The loginview control has the built in functionality to authenticate the current users status and their roles. If found authenticated it displays the appropriate information to that user.

Login status controlThis control provides the user with feedback so that they know whether they have remembered to log in to the site. It can also display the login and logout status as link button.

LoginName ControlIs responsible for displaying the name of the presently authenticated user. It uses page.user.identity to return the value for the users name.

Password recoveryIs used to retrieve or reset the passwordof the user.

Using Login ControlPlace a login control the form. Now click the glyph at the top right corner of the login control to display its smart tag and select Administer website option.

Click the Security tab and then click the use the security setup wizard to set up the security step by step link.

We want out website to authenticate users who are trying to access it from internet. So select from the internet radio button

The next step is to add user and their info you want the user to be authenticated against. If the user tries to access your site, his username and password and othe info will be matched against the users info you had added here and.-Add as many user as u want to add, but do remember that the password you mention for these users must have one numberic character,one special character and rest of the string must not be the username.

Now well create roles out of the user awe just created and then assign the permissions to those roles.Click the next button to complete the process.TIP: all the information regarding users and permissions that u create using the wizard goes into a database file called ASPNETDB.MDF,. Which u can find in the App_Data folder present under the application folder.

Place the login control on the form and name this form as login.aspx and add another web form called welcome.aspx to the project and place a label control-LoginName control and LoginStatus on this page Set the DestinationPageUrl proeprty of the LoginControl on login.aspx to welcome.aspx.Set the LogoutAction property of the LoginStatus control on the welcome.aspx to RedirectToLoginPage.

Grid view

Working with databaseGridView Control: is a successor to the datagrid control existing in the previous versions of asp.net.DetailsView Control: Displays the record of only a single data row from the underlying datasource. It can also be used for editing,deleting and inserting the record. Its often displayd in the master/client scenario where u need to specify the details of any sel3ected record from a DatagridView or any similar bound control

Master/client example using gridview and detailviewPlace gridview and detail view control on the form. Let assume that gridview datasource is Sqldatasource1 and detailview datasource is Sqldatasource2.Switch to the source code and type the following lines in place where the tags for sqldatasource2(for detailview ) is there.

Master/client

Need to code in the default.aspx page

Binding Standard ControlListbox,dropdownbox,checkedlistbox here are used to demo binding standard control. As we know that we can bind these control with datasouce.Place these control on the form.Place sqldatasource1 control from the data tab on to the form.

click the smart tag of listbox and select choose datasource.from the wizard select the sqldatasouce1 from select a datasource.

Select the datafield and datafield value to be displayed for the listbox.

Follow the same steps for thedropdown and the checked list box.

Using DataReaderYou can use datareader to access data, not just dataset. The ADO.NET DataReader can be used to retrieve a read-only, and forward-only streams of data. This can increase application performance both by retrieving data as soon as it is available, and (by default) storing only one row at a time in memory, thus reducng system overhead. As the query executes, the result are returned, and stored in the netword buffer on the client, until you request them using the read method of the datareader.

Place a gridview control on the form.Default.aspx.cs

using System.Data.OleDb;public partial class datareader_gridvew : System.Web.UI.Page{ protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { OleDbConnection cn; cn = new OleDbConnection("provider=msdaora;data source=oracie;user id=scott;password=tiger"); OleDbCommand cmd; cmd = new OleDbCommand("select * from emp", cn); cn.Open(); OleDbDataReader dr; dr = cmd.ExecuteReader(); GridView1.DataSource = dr; GridView1.DataBind(); dr.Close(); }}

FormView ControlThe formview control is a functionality rich control that allows you to edit,delete,and inser records with very little or almost no code.it displays thesingle record from the underlying data source and allows users to specify the user-defined templates.

Place Formview control on the form. Set the Defaultmode property to insert or edit as per requirement. Below is the formview with defaultmode-insert

Open the source code and add following lines of code for insertion of new record.

LINQ

Querying with LINQ.NET 3.5 introduces a new technology called Language Integrated Query or LINQ. LINQ is designed to fill the gap that existes between traditional .NET languages, which offer strong typing and full object oriented development, and query languages such as SQL, with syntax for query operations.With introduction of LINQ into .NET, query becomes a first class concept in .NET, whether object ,XML or data queries.LINQ includes three basic types of queries, LINQ to Objects, LINQ to XML(or XLINQ) and LINQ TO SQL(or DLINQ)LINQ to objetcs:The first and most basic flavour of LINQ is LINQ to objects. It enables you to perorm complex query opertions against any enumerable object

Where

select

4 1

TRADITIONLA QUERY METHODS: c#: public class Movie{ public string fnm { get; set; } public string lnm { get; set; }}NOTE: class is generated under app_code folder

Keep the gridview control on the web fom and write the code for default.aspx.cs

using System.Collections.Generic;public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page{ protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { var movies = getmovies(); this.GridView1.DataSource = movies; this.GridView1.DataBind();}

public List getmovies() { return new List { new Movie {fnm ="nutan",lnm="gupta"}, new Movie {fnm ="shekhar",lnm="lad"}, new Movie {fnm ="anil",lnm="kapoor"}, new Movie {fnm ="rajesh",lnm="khanna"}, new Movie {fnm ="reena",lnm="roy"}, }; }

Replacing traditional queries with LINQLINQ is an extension to .NET , and because of this , is isolated in its own set of assemblies . The base LINQ functionality is located in the new System.core.dll assembly.Additionally, by default , projects in VS2008 include a reference to this assembly so when starting new Asp.NET web projetcs, LINQ should be readily available to you. protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {//creating query with LINQVar movies=getmovies(); var qry = from m in movies select m;this.GridView2.DataSource = qry; this.GridView2.DataBind();}

If we deconstruct the code sample, there are three basic actions happening. First , the code uses the GetMovies() method to obtain the generic List collection.

Next , the code uses a very simple LINQ query to select all of the Movie objects from the generic movies collection. Notice that this specific LINQ query utilizes new language keyword like from and select in the query statement.

The query also defines a new variable m . This variable defines in two ways in the query. First, by defining it in the from statement from m, we are telling LINQ to make m represents the individual collection item, which in this case is a movie object.The second use of m in the query is in the select statement. Using m in the select statement tells LINQ to output a projection that matches the structure of m. in this case that means LINQ creates a projection that matches the movie object structure.

Creating a custom projection with LINQWe can also create our own custom projection by explicitly defining the fields we wanted return from the query using the new keywod along with the select operator.

//creating custom projection with LINQVar movies=getmovies(); var qry1 = from m in movies select new{m.fnm ,.,};

this.GridView3.DataSource = qry1; this.GridView3.DataBind();

Note: will display only selected fields

Creating a custom projection field namesWe can also create our own custom projection by explicitly defining the fields we wanted return from the query using the new keywod along with the select operator.

//creating custom projection with LINQVar movies=getmovies(); var qry1 = from m in movies select new{FirstName=m.fnm };

this.GridView3.DataSource = qry1; this.GridView3.DataBind();

Note: will display only selected fields with column name

Controlling data ordering using LINQLINQ also includes the ability to order the results using the order by statement. As with SQL, u can choose to order the results in either ascending or descending order.Place gridview conntrol thhe form.

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { //controlling data ordering using linq var movies = getmovies(); var qry=from m in movies orderby m.lnm descending select new{first_name=m.fnm ,last_name=m.lnm }; GridView1.DataSource =qry; GridView1.DataBind(); }

public List getmovies() { return new List { new Movie {fnm ="anil",lnm ="lad"}, new Movie {fnm ="bhavna",lnm ="reddy"}, new Movie {fnm ="anu",lnm ="lad"}, new Movie {fnm ="chetan",lnm ="reddy"}, new Movie {fnm ="babita",lnm ="bhaskar"}

}; }

Query filtersLINQ also supports adding qury filters using a familiar SQL-Like WHERE syntaxPlace grid view control on the form

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { //adding a filter to the linq query var movies = getmovies(); var qry=from m in movies where m.lnm =="reddy" && m.fnm =="chetan" select m; GridView1.DataSource =qry; GridView1.DataBind(); } public List getmovies() { return new List { new Movie {fnm ="anil",lnm ="lad"}, new Movie {fnm ="bhavna",lnm ="reddy"}, new Movie {fnm ="anu",lnm ="lad"}, new Movie {fnm ="chetan",lnm ="reddy"}, new Movie {fnm ="babita",lnm ="bhaskar"}

}; }

Data groupingLINQ also greatly simplifies grouping data againusing SQL-LIKE group syntax.

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { //grouping data usinglinq query var emp = getemp(); var qry = from m in emp group m by m.desg into g select new { desg = g.Key, count = g.Count() }; GridView1.DataSource = qry; GridView1.DataBind(); } public List getemp() { return new List { new emp{nm ="blake",sal =5000,comm =56, desg ="mkt"}, new emp{nm ="smith",sal =4500,comm =100, desg ="clerk"}, new emp{nm ="john",sal =6000,comm =1056, desg ="sales"}, new emp{nm ="killer",sal =85000,comm =500, desg ="sales"}, new emp{nm ="michel",sal =32000,comm =620, desg ="mkt"} }; }

LINQ to XMLThe second flavour of linq is called LINQ to XML(or XLINQ). As the name implies, LINQ to XML enaqbles you to use the same basic LINQ syntax to query XML documents.

First thing to create a xml file

smith 2345 clerk

blake 4500 mgr

killer 3500 mkt

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { var qry = from m in XElement.Load(MapPath("XMLFile.xml")).Elements("empdata") select m; GridView1.DataSource = qry; GridView1.DataBind(); }}

NOTE: notice that the fields included in the resultset of the query dont really show the node data as u might have expected, with each child node as a separate field in thhe gridview. This is becoz query used in the listing returns a collection of generic Xelement objects, not emp objects as u might have expected.

Mapping XML elements using LINQprotected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { var qry = from m in XElement.Load(MapPath("XMLFile.xml")).Elements("empdata") select new { nm = (string)m.Element("nm"), sal = (int)m.Element("sal"), desig = (string)m.Element("desig") }; GridView1.DataSource = qry; GridView1.DataBind(); }

LINQ TO SQLLINQ to SQL is the last form of LINQ in the release of >NET . LINQ to SQL , as the name implies, enables you to quickly and easily query SQL-BASED data sources, such as SQL SERVER 2005.

LINQ TO SQL also includes a basic Object-Relation (O/R) mapper directly in visual studio. The o/r mapper enables u to quicly map sql-based data sources to CLR objects that u can then use LINQ to query. It is the easiest way to get the linq-to SQL

The o/r mapper is used by adding the new linq to sql classes file to ur web application. After clciking the add new item - select sql-to classok button to add the file to ur project.

Once the file is open vs automatically opens its linq to sql design surface.

Querying data from linq to sqlprotected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { empdataDataContext dc = new empdataDataContext(); var qry = from m in dc.emptables select m; GridView1.DataSource = qry; GridView1.DataBind(); }}

Grouping linq to sql data empDataContext dc = new empDataContext(); var qry = from m in dc.Products group m by m.SupplierID into g select new { id = g.Key, count = g.Count() };

this.GridView1.DataSource = qry;

this.GridView1.DataBind();

HTML CONTROLSCLIEND AND SERVER HTML CONTROLS: there are two ways to work with these control- to the client browser(HTML CLIENT CONTROLS) and in the server(HTML server controls).

In the client you must use a scripting language, such as javascript.

You can make these control to run at server and so handle them with visual basic or c#code., but they only support very limited events that can be handled on the server-typically ,just an event named ServerClick or ServerChange

function showmsg(){alert("clicled");}

Master pages and themesNeed for master page and themes arise when u want to create web pages that contain some common elements and u want to customize the properties of different controls like buttons,textbox and labels.For eg, when u want to create a web site for ur company in which all the web pages have as header stating the company name and all buttons on the web page are of blue color. We can create this web site by using master pages and themes.

Suppose u want to include a navigation bar at a common place in all the web pages of ur website. If u are not using a master page, you will have to copy and paste the code for the commmon navigation bar on each page, which is obvious a tedious and time consuming job.Also if later we want to change the navigation bar then the changes has to be made with all the web pages.So, however if we are using master pages , we just need to include the navigation bar code in the master page and all the web pages will inherit it.

To create master page for a website, identity the controls that you want to display on all the pages then add these control to master page. Then create the contentplaceholder for the master page to plcae the content of the web pages. When this web site is executed , then the layout of the master pageand the content in contentplaceholders are merged to display the output web page.

Themes is also a new feature of ASP.NET 2.0 that helps maintain a common look and feel across or several pages of your web site. Themes are needed when u want to keep the style and layout information file separate from other web site files. Themes can include images and skin files,the skin files set the visual properties of ASP.NET controls

Working with master pageRight click the web application and select add newitem. Select the master file option from the template.Design the master page with the control u want .Add new webpage and slect theuse mater page option . It waill ask for u to select the master page. So select ur master page and say ok.

You can see that the default page acquires the properties of master page.

MODIFYING CONTENT ON THE MASTER PAGE FROM CONTENT PAGE:U can update the content on the masterpage by finding the control which needs to be modified on the master page from the content page.

Place calendar control on the master page.Now add new page default.aspx and place textbox,label and button on the form.Write the following lines of code on button_click event protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { try { Calendar cal; cal = (Calendar)Master.FindControl("Calendar1"); if (cal != null) { cal.VisibleDate = Convert.ToDateTime(TextBox1.Text); cal.SelectedDate = Convert.ToDateTime(TextBox1.Text); } } catch { Response.Write("invalid format"); } }

Run the application. Enter date in mm/dd/yy format in the text box and click the update button.U will c that the the calender date has changed to the date provided with textbox.

Getting the labels text value in the content page:

Creating themesApplying built-in themes to web pages is quite easy, as u just need to specify the name of the theme with the theme attributeof the page directive. However we can also apply custom themes to web pages. For that we need to create a theme first.

stepsRight-click the web site name on the solution explore and select add ASP.NET folder | theme from the shortcut menuto add App_Theme foleder. A subfolder named Theme1 is automatically created inside the App_Theme folder.

Right click the theme1 folder nd select Add new item option from the menu to display add new item dialog box.

Select the skin file template option and specify the name of the skni as theme.skin and click add button.

Now we have created a new skin file we will define the style properties inside it. Add the following line of code to the theme.skin file.

Now to test this skin, we also need to add these controls in the page.

Code in default.aspx page

Applying theme to an entire applicationIn addition to applying an asp.net theme to your asp.net pages using the theme attribute within the page directive, u can also apply it an application level from the WEB.CONFIG file.

If wespecify the theme in the web.congig file, you do not need to define the theme again in the page directive of your asp.net pagesa. The theme is applied automatically to each and every page with ur application

Including CSS files in your themesIn addition to the server control definition that you can create from with a .skin file, you can make further definitions using cascading style sheets (CSS). When using a .skin file, that you could define only the styles associated with server controls and nothing else. However , developers usually use quite a bit more than server controls in their ASP.NET pages are routinely made up of HTML server control ,raw HTML, or even RAW text, at present theme only has a skin file associated with it. Any other items have no style whatsoever applied to them.

It is easy to create CSS files for ur themes when using VS2008. Right click the theme folder and select new item. In the list of opetions, select the option style sheet and name it summer.css. The summer.css should be sitting right next to ur .skin file. This creates an empty .css file for ur theme. Code it as below.

body {font-size:x-small;font-family :Verdana;color :Blue ;}a:link{color :Blue ;text-decoration : none;} a:visited {color:Green ;text-decoration :none; } a:hover { color:Red ; text-decoration :underline overline; }

In the CSS file, four things are defined. First , you define text thst is found within the tage of the page(basically all text).

Applying themes at run timeConsider scenario where end user will select the theme and apply at runtime..We will create two themes, and place them in theme1 and theme2 folder.

Code for simple.skin

Here is the default.aspx file

Untitled Page

select theme: simple inverse

protected void Page_PreInit(object sender, EventArgs e) { Page.Theme = Request.QueryString["theme"]; }

STATE MANAGEMENTPurpose State management is the process by which you maintain state and page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages. Types of State Management There are 2 types State Management: 1. Client Side State Management 2. Server Side State Management

1. Client Side State Management This stores information on the client's computer by embedding the information into a Web page, a uniform resource locator(url), or a cookie. The techniques available to store the state information at the client end are listed down below: a. View State Asp.Net uses View State to track the values in the Controls. You can add custom values to the view state. It is used by the Asp.net page framework to automatically save the values of the page and of each control just prior to rendering to the page. When the page is posted, one of the first tasks performed by page processing is to restore view state

Design the page as below

Code for .aspx.cs page Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click ViewState("name") = TextBox1.Text.ToString() ViewState("city") = TextBox2.Text.ToString() ViewState("color") = TextBox4.Text.ToString() Label4.Text = "u data is saved in viewstate"

End Sub

Protected Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click Dim v_viewState As String v_viewState = Request.Form("__VIEWSTATE") Response.Write(v_viewState)

Dim nm, ct, cl As String 'TextBox1.Text = ViewState("name").ToString 'TextBox2.Text = ViewState("city").ToString 'TextBox4.Text = ViewState("color").ToString nm = ViewState("name").ToString ct = ViewState("city").ToString cl = ViewState("color").ToString Label4.Text = "ur name is" & nm & "city:" & ct & "color" & cl End Sub

b. Control State If you create a custom control that requires view state to work properly, you should use control state to ensure other developers dont break your control by disabling view state. c. Hidden fields Like view state, hidden fields store data in an HTML form without displaying it in the user's browser. The data is available only when the form is processed.

Place textbox,button and hidden control on the page. Set the value property for hidden to sellglobally

Button_click(){ TextBox1.Text = myid.Value; }

d. Cookies Cookies store a value in the user's browser that the browser sends with every page request to the same server. Cookies are the best way to store state data that must be available for multiple Web pages on a web site.

Place 2 textbox,label and button on the pageProtected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click If TextBox1.Text = "orbit" And TextBox2.Text = "sell" Then Response.Redirect("welcome.aspx") Else Dim obj As HttpCookie obj = Request.Cookies("aaa12") If obj Is Nothing Then obj = New HttpCookie("aaa12") obj.Value = 1 Else obj.Value += 1 End If Response.AppendCookie(obj) Label1.Text = "No of Attempts: " & obj.Value End If End Sub

e. Query Strings - Query strings store values in the URL that are visible to the user. Use query strings when you want a user to be able to e-mail or instant message state data with a URL. Page1 code: Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Dim id As Integer id = TextBox1.Text Response.Redirect("Default.aspx?Id=" & id) End Sub

Page2 code: Protected Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click If Request.QueryString IsNot Nothing Then TextBox1.Text = Request.QueryString("id").ToString Else TextBox1.Text = "" End If End Sub

2. Server Side State Management a. Application State - Application State information is available to all pages, regardless of which user requests a page.Application State: ASP.NET allows you to save values using application state, a global storage mechanism that is accessible from all pages in the Web application. Application state is stored in the Application key/value dictionary. Once you add your application-specific information to application state, the server manages it, and it is never exposed to the client. Application state is a great place to store information that is not user-specific. By storing it in the application state, all pages can access data from a single location in memory, rather than keeping separate copies of the data. Data stored in the Application object is not permanent and is lost any time the application is restarted.

ASP.NET provides three events that enable you to initialize Application variables (free resources when the application shuts down) and respond to Application errors: a. Application_Start: Raised when the application starts. This is the perfect place to initialize Application variables. b. Application_End: Raised when an application shuts down. Use this to free application resources and perform logging. c. Application_Error: Raised when an unhandled error occurs. Use this to perform error logging.

Global.asax void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs on application startup Application["x"] = 0; } void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Code that runs when a new session is started Application["x"] = int.Parse(Application["x"].ToString()) + 1; }

Default.aspx.cspublic partial class globaldemo : System.Web.UI.Page{protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Response.Write(Application["x"]); }}

b. Session State Session State information is available to all pages opened by a user during a single visit. Both application state and session state information is lost when the application restarts. To persist user data between application restarts, you can store it using profile properties.

You can define the session by using session("valueName") = valueAnd You can retrieve the value in label (for Example) By Label1.text = session("valueName")

webform1.aspx.cs Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click Session("msg") = txtuid.Text Response.Redirect("webform2.aspx") End Sub

webform2.aspx.csPrivate Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Label1.Text = "Welcome to " & Session("msg") End Sub

SecurityAuthentication and authorization:Authentication is a process that determines the identity of a user. After a user has been authenticated, a developer can determine if the identified user has authorization to proceed. It is impossible to give an entity authorization if no authentication process has been applied

Authorization Authorization is the process of determining whether an authenticated user is permitted access to any part of an application, access to specif points of an application, or access to specified datasets that the application provides.The node:You can use the node in the applications web.config file to set the type of authentication ur Asp.NET application requires.

ProviderdescriptionWindowswindows authentication is used together with IIS authentication. This is default setting.Formsrequest that are not authenticated are redirected to an html form using HTTP client-side redirection. The user provide his login information and submits the form.Passporta centeralized authentication service provided by Microsoft that offers single login and core profile services for member site.

Windows-based authenticationWindows based authentication is handled between the windows server where

Form based authenticationIs a popular mode of authenticating users to access an entire application or specific resources with in an application. Using it enable u to put the login form directly in the application so thet athe end used simply enters his unm/pwd into an HTML form contained with the browser itself.

U must apply this tructure to the web.config file. First using the elementg ,u r denying access to the applicxation to all anonymous users. Only authenticated uer are allowed to access anty page contained with the application.If the requestoir is not autrhenticated, what is defines in the element is pt into action. The value of the mode attribute is set to forms to employ form-based authentication/. . The next attribute specified is the loginURL, which points to the page that containg the application login form. The final attribute is path. It simply specifies the location in which to save the cookie used to persisit the authorized users access token.Name : name is assignes to the cookie saved in order to remember the user from request to request. The default value is .ASPXAUTH.

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (TextBox1.Text == "scott" && TextBox2.Text == "tiger") FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(TextBox1.Text, false); else Response.Write("invalid uername/password"); }

Note:RedirectFromLoginPage takes two arguments. First is the name of the user, used for cookie authentication purposes. The second argumentspecifies whether a durable cookie should be issued. If set to true, the end user does not need to log in again to the application from one browser session to the next.Web.config file

Authenticating against values contained in the web.config filePrevious eg is not the best approach fpr dealing with unm and pwd offered for authentication. It is never good idea to hardcode these things directly into ur application.The element in web.config that u worked can also take sub-element . The sub-element allows you to specify unm and pwd combination directly in the web.config file.

Modify web.config file to add unm/pwd values

The elemebnt has been included to add unm and pwd to the configuration file. It takes single attribute-passwordFormat . The possible values of passwordFormat are clear,MD5,SHA1.

Clear: password are stored in clear text. The user password is compared directly to this value without further tranformation. MD5 : password are stored using a message Digest 5(MD5) hash digest. When credentials are validated, the user passworsd is hashed using the MD5 algorithm and compared equality with this value. Clear text password are never is never stored or compared. SHA1 : passwords are stored using SHA1 hash digest. When credentials are validated, the user password is hashed using the SHA1 algorithm and compared equality with this value. Clear text password are never is never stored or compared.

Changing login.aspx page to work with web.config file if (FormsAuthentication.Authenticate(TextBox1.Text, TextBox2.Text)) { FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(TextBox1.Text, true); } else { Response.Write("invalid user"); }

Web services

A Web Service (XML Web Service) is a unit of code that can be activated using HTTP requests. Stated another way, a Web Service is an application component that can be remotely callable using standard Internet Protocols such as HTTP and XML. One more definition can be, a Web Service is a programmable URL. Web Services came into existence to deliver distributed computing over the Internet. A major advantage of the Web services architecture is, it allows programs written in different languages on different platforms to communicate with each other in a standards-based way. Simply said, a Web service is a software service exposed on the Web through SOAP, described with a WSDL file and registered in UDDI.

Why XML Web Services? Today, available technologies like Component Object Model (COM), Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) are used to package application logic into reusable components and are called remotely across multiple platforms. The Internet today consists of tremendous number of heterogeneous systems and a key limitation of all the above said technologies is they are not easily interoperable with these different systems and that limits their effectiveness as a standard method for programming the Web. This is because of the dependencies of these technologies on a particular language or a particular Operating System or Object-model specific protocols. Web Services on the other hand are very different when compared to the said technologies as they are built upon widely accepted standards that can interoperate easily on the Internet. A key to the success of Web Services is that they use a text-based messaging model to communicate which allows them to operate effectively on different platforms.

SOAP We hear a lot about SOAP these days. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a lightweight protocol for exchange of information in a decentralized, distributed environment.

UDDIUniversal Discovery Description and Integration is like the "Yellow Pages" of Web services.

User profilesUser profile: you can make web-site more friendly by customizing the web site according to the preferences of the users visiting the web-site.. For e.h you can customize a shopping web site to display a shopping cart consisting of the item frequently purchased by a user, when the user visits site. For this we need to collecte the information of the user , visiting the web site.

A user profile is a collection of various properties. A property specifies the user information that is to be gathered, when the user visits the site. For e.g. we can deifne first name,last name and the page visits properties in a user profile to store the detaild of the user and information about web site usage.The advantage of using user profile to store the user information permanently. So the information stored in the profile of user is not lost when the user leaves the web site.

Anonymous profiles:There could be a situation where a number of users would like to explore your website for free before actually registering to it. We need to provide attractive user profile to thesesurf for free user to make them registered users. These surf for free users are called anonymous users as they do not have valid username and password.

Note: by default the cookie gets expires after a time period of 70 days. This time period renewed every time a user visits the web site.

Authenticated userWhen surf-for free user of website become registered user, you need to display different data to them. The authenticated profiles are displayed to the authenticated users when they log on to the site using valid UNM and PWD. By default all the users are authenticated profiles because the enabled attribute of the element is false by default.

Defining profiles:To define the user profiles, you need to define the properties for the user profile in either the machine.config file .or web.config configuration.a property is defined with the element, which is available in the element.

Web.config(working with the single profile[authenticated])

Defining multiple profilesWeve used only a single type of profile that is common for all users of an application. It is also possible to define multiple types of profiles for the end users.. These multiple profiles exhibits different types of users, such as anony. And authenticated.

Web.config

protected void b1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (Page.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { Profile.fnm = t1.Text; Profile.snm = T2.Text; l1.Text = Profile.fnm; L2.Text = Profile.snm; }

Profile.state = T3.Text; L3.Text = Profile.state; }}

cachingCaching is a technique to store data temporaily in momory. For. Eg. Application needs to query a databse which contain I million records after every 4 sec for the same kind of result. Ur DB will get updated in a time interval of say, an hour.So, the dat retrieved from the DB will remain the same for approx. 50 min. , as the DB will be updated only after one hour. So querying the same DB after every 4 seconds will increase the network traffic and the load on the DB server.

Lets if we uses caching to store the results we get after running the query on the DB. So we cache the data for a fixed period of time say 50 min., then once the first qry is executed, the results will be stored in cache. In the nxt 50 min. the same type of req. for the data will get the data from the cache itself without running the qry again on 1 million of record.

ASP.NET provides 3 kinds of caching techniquesOutput caching(page level caching)Partial cachingData caching

Output caching: in output caching the complete HTML output of a rendered ASP.NET page is stored in the cache and the subsequent requests for the same page is sent from the cache itself.

We can easily implement output caching by just adding the @outputcache directive in the web page as follows:

Duration is in seconds.Create application and add a label on the default.aspx page.Code for the code-behind file:

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();}

Using output caching with varybyparamThe varybyparam attribute is used to cache different copies of the same page when they are generated dynamically based on the parameters received.Create a page with label,textbox and button.

Code for default.aspx.csprotected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (IsPostBack) { name.Visible = false; Label1.Visible = false; Button1.Visible = false; Label2.Visible = true; Label2.Text = "output of this page was cached for " + name.Text + ".the current time is :" + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } }

Write the lines in the source code.

Partial-page cachingIts not always that you require the cache for the complete page. This is also called partial-page or fragment caching.Generally used for caching the user control.Design the user control by keeping the label.Label1.text=control time is: + datetime.now.tostring();With source code (user control page)---

Desing the new web page and drag the user control on the page and also one label.Label1.text=base time is: + datetime.now.tostring();

Data cachingData caching is useful when u need to cache your own custom data into cache. For e.g. , you need to cache a dataset which can be used later somewhere in ur application.There are 3 main tasks for data caching:Adding items to cache: cache(myvalue)=valueRetrieving data from cache:value=cache(myvalue)Deleteing items from cache:cache.remove(mydata1)

Using data caching:In this example we will populate the dataset from the XML file and store this dataset in cache using the file based dependency. So whenever our original XML file changes, the cached dataset will populate again.Keep the gridview control and label on the page.

Code for default.aspx.cs DataSet ds = new DataSet(); protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (Cache["mycache"] == null) { ds.ReadXml(Server.MapPath("data1.xml")); Cache.Insert("mycache", ds, new System.Web.Caching.CacheDependency(Server.MapPath("data1.xml"))); Label1.Text = "cache generated"; } else { Label1.Text = "using pregenerated cache"; } GridView1.DataSource = Cache["mycache"]; GridView1.DataBind(); }

State managementBy using states with web application we can preserve the state of the web application both at the server and at the client side.The state of the web application actually stores the changes that has been made to the web application. .If u are not using states then these changes gets discarded.

Storing states is optional. But under certain circumstances, it becomes quite imperative to use states with your applications. For e.g. it is necessary to store states for web applications, such as e-commerce shopping site or an intranet site of a company to keep track of the user requests, such as the items chosen by the user on a shopping site.The various state types include application,session, and view.

Application stateIt is used to store the data corresponding to the global variables of an ASP.NET web application. The data in the application-state is stored once and read many times. The application-state uses the HttpApplicationstate class to store and share the data throughout the application. The data stored in the application state is accessible to all pages of an ASP.NET web application and the data is same for all the users accessing the web applications.

Session - stateEach client accessing a web application maintains a distinct session with the web server, and theres also specific information associated with each of these sessions. Session-state is used to store this information. The session-state is defined in the section of the web.config file and stores the data specific to a user session in session variables. Different session variables are created for each user sessions. Also, the session variables can be accessed from any page of the web application. When a user access the web page a session ID for the user is created. The session ID is transferred between the server and the client over the HTTP protocol using cookies.

View stateThe view-information stores the page specific information, when a page is posted back to the server. When the page is processed, the current state of the web page and control is hashed into string and saved as a hidden field. Such a state of the web page s called view-state and is defined as a hidden field on a web page.

Global.asaxThe global.asax file resides in the root directory of an ASP.NET web application and is called ASP.NET application file. T contains the code that is executed when the certain events, such as start of an application or error in an application are raised by the web application.

ASP.NET AJAXAJAX is an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML and in web application development, it signifies the capability to build applications that make use of XMLHttpRequest object.Understanding the need for AJAX:Today, if you are going to build an application, you have the option of creating a thick-client or a thin-client application. A thick-client applications is typically a compiled executable that end user can run in the confines of their own environment.. Generally, the technology to build this type of application is the windows Forms technology.A thin-client application is typically one that has its processing and rendering controlled at a single point and the results of the view are sent down as HTML to a browser to be viewed by a client. To work, this type of technology generally requires that the end-user be connected to the internet or intranet of some kind.

Each type of application has its pros and cons. The thick-client style of applications is touted as more fluid and more responsive to an end users actions. In a web based application, the complaint has been for many years that every action by an end user takes numerous seconds and results in a jerky page refresh. In trun, the problem with the thick client style of application has always been that the application sits on the end users machine and any patches or updates to the application require you to somehow upgrade each and every machine upon which the applications sits..ASP.NET AJAX in particular is further removing any of the negatives that would have stopped you from building an application on the web.ASP.NET AJAX makes your web applications some more fluid that ever before. AJAX enabled applications are responsive and give the end user immediate feedback and direction through the workflows that you provide.

Before AJAXEnd users client computer

So, what AJAX doing to ur web application? First off, lets take a look at what a web page does when it does not use AJAX.Figure shows a typical request and response activity for a web application. In this case, an end user makes a request from his browser to the application that is stored on your web server. The server processes the request and the Asp.NET renders a page, which is then sent to the requestor as a response. The response, once received by the end user, is displayed with the end users browser.

From here , many events that take place within the application instance as it sits within the end users browser causes the complete request and response process to reoccur. For instance, he end user might click the radio button, a check box, a button, a calendar or anything else and this causes the entire web page to be refreshed or a new page to be provided.

AFTER AJAXWindows ServerAsp.NET ProcessingengineEnd users internet browserrequestresponseASP.NET AJAX LibraryAsynchronousrequestAsynchronousresponseEnd users client computer

On the other hand, an AJAX-enabled web page includes a javascript library on the client that takes care of issuing the calls to the web server. It does this when it is possible to send a request and get response for just part of the page and using script; the client library updates that part of the page without updating the entire page. By just processing part of the page, the end user experiences what some people term fluidity in a page,which makes the page more responsive. The amount of code required to update just a portion of a page is less and produces the responsiveness the end user expects.Figure demonstartes that the first thing that happens is the entire page is delivered in the initial request and response. From here, any partial updates required by the page are done using the client script library.This library can make asynchronous page requets and updates just the portion of the page that needs updating.One major advantage to this is that a minimal amount of data is transferred for the update to occur.Updating a partial page is better than recalling the entire page for what is just a small change to the page

AJAX is dependent upon a few technologies in order for it to work. The first is the XMLHttpRequest object. This object allows the browser to communicate to a abck-end server and has been available in the Microsoft world since internet explorer 5 through MSXM ActiveX component.The other major component is JavaScript . This technology provides client-side initiation to communication with the backend services and take care of packaging a message to send to any server-side services.Another aspect of AJAX is support for DHTML and DOM(Document Object Model). These are the pieces that will change the page when the asynchronous response is received from the server.Finally the last piece is the data that is being transferred from the client to the server. This is done in XML or, more important JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)

Building a simple Asp.NET3.5 page with AJAXDesign the page where two of the controls to add are typically Asp.NET server control-label and button server control.In addition to these controls, you are going to have to add some Asp.NET AJAX controls.From AJAX extension, add script manager server control to the top of the page and include the second label and button control inside the updatepanel control.Updatepanel control is a template server control and allows you to include any number of items with in it.The page will look like this:

Add the lines of code:protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); Label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); }Note: when u will click button2(ajax button) the time with label2 will change and not with label1 as the label1 is outside the updatepanel.

The ScriptManager controlThe ScriptManager control is central to AJAX functionality in ASP.NET. The control manages all ASP.NET AJAX resources on a page. This includes downloading Microsoft AJAX Libraryscripts to the browser and coordinating partial-page updatesthat are enabled by using UpdatePanel controlsThe scriptmanager control takes acre of managing the JavaScript libraries that are utilized on your page as well as marshalling te massage back and forth between the server and the client for the partial page rendering process.The marshalling of the messages can be done using either SOAP or JSON through the script manager control.

UpdatePanel controlBy using UpdatePanel controls, you can refresh selected parts of the page instead of refreshing the whole page with a postback. This is referred to as performing a partial-page update. An ASP.NET Web page that contains a ScriptManager control and one or more UpdatePanel controls can automatically participate in partial-page updates, without custom client script.When you use an UpdatePanel control, the page behavior is browser independent and can potentially reduce the amount of data that is transferred between client and server.

The following examples show different scenarios for using the ScriptManager control.

Enabling Partial-Page Updates

The following example shows how to use the ScriptManager control to enable partial-page updates. In this example, a Calendar and a DropDownList control are inside an UpdatePanel control. By default, the value of the UpdateMode property is Always, and the value of the ChildrenAsTriggers property is true. Therefore, child controls of the panel cause an asynchronous postback

public partial class Default2 : System.Web.UI.Page{ public void DropDownSelection_Change(Object sender, EventArgs e) { Calendar1.DayStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromName(DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Value);}protected void Calendar1_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){ Label1.Text = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToString(); Label2.Text = Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToString();}}

Red Green Blue Yellow Silver

Updatepanel control..contd..The ElementThere are a couple of ways to deal with the controls on the page that initiates the asynchronous page pastbacks.e.g.: putting the trigger inside of the UpdatePanel controlPut the label and the button control inside the updatepanel control

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label1.Text = "this button was clicked on :" + DateTime.Now.ToString(); }In this case ,label and button server controls are contained within the updatepanel server control. The element has two possible sub-elements: and the element. Any content that needs to be changed with the asynchronous page postbacks should be contained within the section of the updatepanel control.By default, any type of control trigger(normally page postback ) that is contained within the section instead causes the asynchronous page postback.. That mans, the button on the page will trigger an asynchronous page postback instead of a full page postback. Each click on the button changes the time displayed in the label control.

The elementPrevious example demonstrates one of the big issues with this model: when the synchronous poastback occurs, you are not only sending date/time value for the label control, but you are also sending back the entire code for the button that is on the page.The code that is sent back to the client via asynchronous postback shows that the entire section contained within the updatepanel control is reissued. You can slim down your web pages by including only portions of the page that are actually updating.If you take the button outside of the section of the updatepanel control, then you have to include a section within the control.

Using trigger to cause asynchronous page postback

C#: protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label2.Text = "this button was clicked on :" + DateTime.Now.ToString(); }

Timer controlThe ASP.NET AJAX Timer control performs postbacks at defined intervals. If you use the Timer control with an UpdatePanel control, you can enable partial-page updates at a defined interval. You can also use the Timer control to post the whole page.You use the Timer control when you want to do the following:Periodically update the contents of one or more UpdatePanel controls without refreshing the whole Web page.Run code on the server every time that a Timer control causes a postback.Synchronously post the whole Web page to the Web server at defined intervals.When a postback was initiated by the Timer control, the Timer control raises the Tick event on the server. You can create an event handler for the Tick event to perform actions when the page is posted to the server. Set the Interval property to specify how often postbacks will occur, and set the Enabled property to turn the Timer on or off. The Interval property is defined in milliseconds and has a default value of 60,000 milliseconds, or 60 seconds.

Design the page with label and timer control with the updatepanel control: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!Page.IsPostBack) { Label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); } } protected void Timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); }

Updateprogress controlUpdateProgress controls is used to display the progress of partial-page updates. If a page contains UpdatePanel controls, you can also include UpdateProgress controls to keep users informed about the status of partial-page updates. You can use one UpdateProgress control to represent the progress of partial-page updates for the whole page. Alternatively, you can include an UpdateProgress control for every UpdatePanel control. Using a Single UpdateProgress ControlYou will begin by using a single UpdateProgress control to show the progress for all partial-page updates on the page.To use a single UpdateProgress control for the whole pageCreate a new page and switch to Design view.In the AJAX Extensions tab of the toolbox, double-click the ScriptManager control to add it to the page. Double click the UpdatePanel control to add it to the page.

Double-click the UpdateProgress control to add it to the page. Inside the UpdateProgress control, add the text Processing.Inside the UpdatePanel control add a Label control and a Button control. Set the Text property of the Label control to Initial Page Rendered.

Double click the Button control to add a handler for the button's Click event.Add the following code to the Click handler, which artificially creates a three-second delay and then displays the current time.

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Introducing delay for demonstration. System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000); Label1.Text = "Page refreshed at " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); }

Using Multiple UpdateProgress ControlsOne UpdateProgress control on the page can show a progress message for all UpdatePanel controls on the page. Asynchronous postbacks originating inside an UpdatePanel control cause the UpdateProgress control to display its message. Postbacks from controls that are triggers for the panel also display the message.You can associate the UpdateProgress control with a single UpdatePanel control by setting the progress control's AssociatedUpdatePanelID property. In that case, the UpdateProgress control displays a message only when a postback originates inside the associated UpdatePanel control.In the next procedure, two UpdateProgress controls are added to a page, each associated with a different UpdatePanel control.To use multiple UpdateProgress controls on a pageCreate a new page and switch to Design view.In the AJAX Extensions tab of the toolbox, double-click the ScriptManager control to add it to the page. Double-click the UpdatePanel control two times to add two instances of the control to the page.

In each UpdatePanel control, add a Label control and a Button control. Set the Text property of both Label controls to Panel Initially Rendered.

Double-click each Button control to add a handler for each button's Click event.Add the following code to each Click handler, which artificially creates a three-second delay and then displays the current time.

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Introducing delay for demonstration. System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000); Label1.Text = "Page refreshed at " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); } protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Introducing delay for demonstration. System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(3000); Label2.Text = "Page refreshed at " + DateTime.Now.ToString(); }

Switch to Design view. Click inside the first UpdatePanel control and add an UpdateProgress control.Inside the UpdateProgress control, add the text Panel1 Updating.This sets the ProgressTemplate property.Select the UpdateProgress control, and in the Properties window, set the AssociatedUpdatePanelID property to UpdatePanel1.

Click inside the second UpdatePanel control and add a second UpdateProgress control.Set the text of the UpdateProgress control to Panel2 Updating and set its AssociatedUpdatePanelID property to UpdatePanel2.

Save your changes, and then press CTRL+F5 to view the page in a browser.Click the button in the first panel.After a short delay, the progress message associated with the first panel is displayed. The other UpdateProgress control is not displayed. 16. Click the button in the second panel.The progress message associated with the second panel is displayed

ASP.NET application folderWhen we create ASP.NET application,asp.net 3.5 uses a file based approach. When working with asp.net, we can add as many files and folders as we want within our application without recompiling each and every time a new file is added to the overall solution. Asp.net includesthe capability to automatically precompile your asp.net application dynamically.

\App_Code FolderThe \app_code folder is manet to store classes,.wsdl files , and a typed datasets. Any of these items store in this folder are than automatically available to all the pages with in your solution. The nice thing about this folder is that when you palce something inside this folder, vs 2008 automatically detects this and compiles it if it is a class(.vb or .cs), automatically creates your XML web servie proxey class(from the .wsdl file) or automatically creates a typed Dataset for you from your .xsd files. Ater the files are automatically compildded , these items are then instantaneously available to any of your Asp.Net PAGES THAT are in the same solution .

First create a \app_code folder. To do this right click the solution and choose add as.nnet folder app_code.

ASP.NET Globalization and LocalizationGlobalization is the process of designing and developing applications that function for multiple cultures. Localization is the process of customizing your application for a given culture and locale

Localization The world is made up of a multitude of cultures, each of which has a language and a set of defined ways in which it views and consumes numbers,currencies,sorts alphabetically and so on. The .NET framework deffines cultures and regions using the request for comments 1766 standard definitionn that specifies a language and region using two letter codes separated by a dash.

Culture codedescriptionEn-USEnglish lang, united statesEn-GBenf lang., united kingdom (great britian)En-AUeng lang.,AustraliaNote: to c more go to msdn library and search for culture info class which containg culture code and its description.

Asp.Net threadsWhen the end user requests an asp.net page, this web page is executed on a thread from the thread pool. The thread has a culture associated with it. You can get information about the culture of the thread programmatically and then check for particular details about that culture. For e.g.

Page_load (){CultureInfo ci = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; Response.Write("current culture name:" + ci.Name.ToString()+""); Response.Write(" culture parent name:" + ci.Parent .Name.ToString()+""); Response.Write(" culture display name:" + ci.DisplayName.ToString() + ""); Response.Write(" culture english name:" + ci.EnglishName.ToString() + ""); Response.Write(" culture native name:" + ci.NativeName.ToString() + ""); Response.Write(" calender type:" + ci.Calendar.ToString() + "");

}

Changing the culture of the thread using the cultureinfo objectSystem.threading.thread.currentthread.currentculture=new cultureinfo(th-TH);CultureInfo ci = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; Response.Write("current culture name:" + ci.Name.ToString()+""); Response.Write(" culture parent name:" + ci.Parent .Name.ToString()+""); Response.Write(" culture display name:" + ci.DisplayName.ToString() + ""); Response.Write(" culture english name:" + ci.EnglishName.ToString() + ""); Response.Write(" culture native name:" + ci.NativeName.ToString() + "");

Response.Write(" calender type:" + ci.Calendar.ToString() + "");

Defining the section in the web.config file

Defining the culture at the page level @page using directive

ASP.NET 3.5 Resource filesWhen we work with ASP.NET 3.5 all resources are handled by a resource file. A resource file is an XML-based file that has a .resx extension. In our ASP.NET 3.5 applications, you store resource files as either local resource or global resource

Using Resources for Localization with ASP.NETAn effective way to create localized Web pages is to use resources for your page's text and controls based on the user's language and culture. By using properties placed in resource objects, ASP.NET can select the correct property at run time according to the user's language and culture. The process is straightforward:A resource file (.resx) stores values.In your page, you indicate that controls should use resources for their property values. At run time, the controls' property values are derived from the resource file.

Implicit Localization with ASP.NETIn implicit localization, you specify that control properties should automatically be read from a resource file, but you do not need to explicitly specify which properties are localized. Then, you create a resource file with localized values for specific properties. At run time, ASP.NET examines the controls on the page. If the control is marked to use implicit localization, ASP.NET looks through the resource file for the page. If it finds property settings for the marked control, ASP.NET substitutes the values in the resource file for those in the control.

In this example of implicit localization, you use a combination of the designer and the Resource Edi