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Aspen Winter 2003 Conference on Particle Physics: At the Frontiers Jan 19-25 2003

BLACK HOLES

&GRAVITONS

AT HECs

Maria SpiropuluEnrico Fermi Institute

UofC

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What ?

• A singular classical object (black hole)• A massles spin 2 particle whose long-

wavelength interactions are described by general relativity (graviton)

produced in high energy collisions!!

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It is a matter of scale and geometry

• From contact interaction to a gauge boson: the GFE2 behavior was tamed at short length scales

• From gauge theory to string theory the GNE2 behavior seems to be tamed at even shorter length scales– With this comes a change in how we perceive

spacetime geometry and dynamics: eg. Extra dimenisons

– The Standared Model, Supersymmetry and the Kaluza-Klein theory under one umbrella

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Models of extra dimensions

• Large compact extra dimensions (ADD type)

• Warped extra dimensions (RS type)

• inverse TeV extra dimensions (Ignatios type)

• (most) all hybrids and combinations of above

• Fat branes, skiny branes, solid branes, soft branes, no branes, curved bulk, flat bulk, supersymmetric bulk, gravity in the bulk, gauge fields in the bulk, no gauge fields in the bulk, fermions in the bulk, no fermions in the bulk, right handed neutrinos in the bulk, &tc

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As JoAnne taught me

Only high Tc superconductivity you cannot solve with extra dimensionseverything else YES

• EWKB• hierarchy problem• SUSY Breaking• flavor Breaking• neutrino masses• proton decay suppression• Grand Unification• the cosmological constant• ...

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Going down, a step at a time

• Bring down the Planck • to the GUT• to the TeV scale • in string theory with

extra dimensions,• the 5th slightly bigger,• and then even bigger • and then more of them

huge• (eg Kaluza-Klein,

Witten-Horava, Lykken, ADD, RS)

MPlanck, Mstring, MGUT,M*, MD ,M?, MEWK

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Black Holes• Initial current work by

Banks+Fisckler(hep-th/9906038), Dimopoulos+Landsberg(hep-th/0106295), Giddings+Thomas(hep-ph/0106219)

• Rizzo(hep-ph/0201228),Chang (hep-ph/0205033)

• goes back to early work by D’Eath and Payne [mosre recent Eardley+Giddings gr-qc/0201034, Yoshino+Nambu gr-qc/0209003]

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Black Hole, mass, radius, entropy

• A gravitational potential well whose gravitational potential energy is greater than the energy required to get out of the well = Black Hole

• GNMBH (RS)-1 = 1 GNMBH= RS

– the radius of a black hole mass of the black hole

• Entropy SBH~black hole area~RS2~MBH

2

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2003High Energy vs High

Entropy• At higher and higher energies the

production of a class of objects with higher and higher entropy will suppress the production of everything else…

• or, iow above the energy scale where BH can be produced, ONLY BH will be produced

• what is that energy scale? Is it possible that LHC turns on and we can only do diffraction particle physics and the rest is all black holes? And stringy stuff?

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String State Entropy • The mass of an Nth

mode string state is M2

string= N MS2

• and the associated string state entropy Sstring=Mstring/MS

• Sstring~Mstring, SBH~M2BH

• scales: Planck, String, Effective Planck ?

• MBHmin > MS, M*

SBH

Sstring

energy

S

?

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BH domination• Conservatively BH production should

dominate for MBH~(5-10)M*

• cross section: ij BH = F(s) R2S

• F(s)<1 (not all energy gets trapped, geometrical considerations for spherical formation etc)

• arguments for suppression(Voloshin et al) but overall domination(Rizzo, D’Eath and Payne etc)

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BH Production• Total cross section

for BH formation eg.• for n=2…7 by

proton proton scattering at LHC (14 TeV). Assume M*=1 TeV and

• threshold for Black Hole formation at MBH,min= 3 M*=3 TeV

Cavaglia et all/hep-ph/0210296

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With or Without suppressionsRizzo hep-ph/0201228

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BH decay• Hawking radiation with

1/T=dS/dE~MBH~RS

• Decay like a point source into brane modes and bulk modes.

• Gravity couples democratically so expect final state with GaugeBoson:Quark:Leptons= 29:72:18 (although recent work by Tao Han et al points to modification depending on the brane configuration)

• High Multiplicity stuff with a lot of jets until the BH shrinks and stringy modes show up

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2003LHC maybe a Black

Hole factoryDimopoulos & Landsberg

# of BH @LHC in e or decay channels as a function of BH massShadow=2…7 extra dimensions, -- total SM bgr, … Z(ee)+X{even Higgs and SUSY discovery in the BH decays, the dimensionalityof space &tc…]

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Oven Fresh (the gangs of arizona)

Mocioiu,Nara,Sarcevic hep-ph/0301073

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(brief) Model Description & Parameters

• ADD-type– # of extra dimensions,

– effective Planck scale,

MD

• RS-type – curvature of AdS5, k

– extent of 5th dimension, R

nnPl

nPlanck MRM

2

)4(2 ~

nnPl

nPlanck MRM

2

)4(2 ~

MPl (8)-½ e-kR MPl (8)-½ e-kR

0 R

AdS5

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(brief) Model Description & Parameters

• ADD– mn= (n2/R2)½ n=(n1,n2,…n)

– evenly spaced KK states

– set MD=1 TeV • =1 R 1011 m • =2 R~0.4 mm 1/R~5 10-4

eV• =4 R~10-5 mm 1/R~20 keV• =6 R~30 fm 1/R~7 MeV

• RS– mn=kxn(8) ½(MPl)-1 xn

denotes the roots of the first-order Bessel function

– not evenly spaced KK states

– set =1 TeV • kR ~ 11-12

• m1~TeV order

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Collider Signatures• KK-Graviton Emission., KK-Graviton

Exchange, KK-Graviton Resonant Production, KK-Boson Resonant production

• Monojets+Missing Energy, Dijets+Missing Energy, Monophotons+Missing Energy, Diphotons+Missing Energy, Dijets, Dileptons, Dileptons+missing energy, Diphotons, Dibosons

• Results/Studies LEP, TeVI, TeVII, LHC, NLC/TESLA

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2003High Mass Dijet Event

Run 152507 event 1222318Dijet Mass = 1364 GeV (corr)cos * = 0.30z vertex = -25 cm

J1 ET = 666 GeV (corr)

583 GeV (raw)

J1 = 0.31 (detector)= 0.43 (correct z)

J2 ET = 633 GeV (corr)

546 GeV (raw)

J2 = -0.30 (detector)= -0.19 (correct z)

Corrected ET and mass are preliminary

(thanks to Rob Harris)

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Backgrounds

• Z + jets• W + jets• W e + jets• QCD• Dibosons• tt, single top

– STRATEGY: Normalize wherever possible using data

normalize using Zee data normalize using Zee data,

SM W/Z ratio and universality

normalize using dijet data normalize using theory

cross section

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Backgrounds

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Zee: standard(izable) candle

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Zee: standard candle

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Eg. Graviton Emission

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Eg Graviton exchange

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Signal topology

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Signal topology

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two events are real CDF data and one is graviton simulation; Can you pick the graviton?

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Monojet+missing energy: DØ limit

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n 14 TeV100 fb-1

14 TeV1000 fb-1

28 TeV100 fb-1

28 TeV1000 fb-1

2 9 12 15 19

3 6.8 8.3 11.5 14

4 5.8 6.9 10 12

Ian Hinchliffe

Monojet + missing energy: LHC reach

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Davoudiasl, Hewett,Rizzo

1500 GeV KK graviton/ its tower of states at LHC

500 GeV KK gravitonand neutral gauge boson excitations

e+e-

500 GeV KK graviton/ its tower of states at a lepton collider

RS phenomenology

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A spin 2 graviton: Can we tell?

1.5 TeV gravitonin Randal Sundrumat LHC

Large Hadron Collider (CERN, 2006)

new accelerators for new physics

Linear Collider (?,~2012)

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Plethora of new models that involve extra dimensions

Use Extra Dimensions Geomerty to solve:EWKBhierarchy problemSUSY Breakingflavor Breakingneutrino massesproton decay supressionGrand Unificationthe cosmological problem

More ideas are being explored

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