ASSAM - Bongaigaon · 2020. 7. 13. · LPG Bottling Plant Bongaigaon District is one of the biggest...

Census of India 2011

ASSAM

SERIES-19 PART XII-A

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK

BONGAIGAON

VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY

DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS ASSAM

SERIES - 19 PART XII-A

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOKBONGAIGAON

CENSUS OF INDIA 2011

VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY

DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS ASSAM

ASSAM

Product Code No.***************

LPG Bottling Plant

Bongaigaon District is one of the biggest commercial and industrial hub in North-East India. TheDistrict has the major petrochemical industry, the Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL).

Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemical Limited (BRPL) started functioning from 20th February,1974, which became a subsidiary of IOCL on 29th March, 2001.BRPL is the 1st indigenous grass rootRefinery in the country integrated with a Petrochemical Complex at one location. Currently, theRefinery is processing crude oil available from the oil field of Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)and Oil India Limited (OIL) located in the North-East. The Complex became more significant withthe addition of the LPG Bottling Plant having capacity of 22000 MTPA in March, 2003 and theDistrict got a new identity in the Industrial Development Segment in the country.

BONGAIGAON DISTRICT

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ContentsPages

Foreword (ix)Preface (xi)Acknowledgement (xii)History and Scope of the District Census Handbook (xiii)Brief History of the District (xiv)

ANALYTICAL NOTE 1-60

(i) Physical features 3 (ii) Census Concepts 15

(iii) Non-Census Concepts 19(iv) 2011 Census findings – Population and its distribution 26(v) Brief analysis of Primary Census Abstract data based on inset tables 1 to 35 27(vi) Brief analysis of Village Directory and Town Directory data based on Inset

tables 36 to 45 47(vii) Major social and cultural events, natural and administrative developments and

significant activities during the decade 53 (viii) Brief description of places of religious, historical or archaeological importance

and places of tourist interest in the district 54(ix) Major charateristics of the district – contribution of the district in the form of any

historical figure associated with the district 55(x) Scope of Village Directory and Town Directory- Column headingwise explanation

and Coverage of Data 56

VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY 61-322

Section I - Village Directory 63-310

Note explaining the abbreviations used in Village Directory 65(a) List of villages merged in towns and outgrowths at 2011 Census 71(b) RC Maps showing CD boundaries 73-84(c) Alphabetical list of Villages alongwith location code 2001 & 2011 : 85-94(d) CD blockwise Village Directory 95-287Dangtol CD Block 96Boitamari CD Block 128Srijangram CD Block 184Tapattary CD Block 224Manikpur (Part) CD Block 256


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Appendixes to Village Directory: 288-311

Appendix I : Summary showing total number of villages having Educational, Medical andAmenities in Villages - CD Block wise 291

Appendix I A Villages by number of Primary Schools 294Appendix I B Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools 294Appendix I C Villages with different sources of drinking water facilities available 294Appendix II Villages with 5,000 and above population which do not have

one or more amenities available 295Appendix III Land utilisation data in respect of Census Towns / Non-Municipal towns 295Appendix IV CD Block wise list of inhabited villages where no amenity other than drinking

water facility is available 296Appendix V Summary showing number of villages not having Scheduled Castes

population 296Appendix VI Summary showing number of villages not having Scheduled Tribes

population 296Appendix VII A List of villages according to the proportion of Scheduled Castes

to the total population by ranges 297Appendix VII B List of villages according to the proportion of Scheduled Tribes

to the total population by ranges 304Appendix VIII Number of villages under each Gram Panchayat (CD Block wise) 311

Section II - Town Directory 313-322

Statement I Status and Growth History,2009 316Statement II Physical aspects and Location of Towns, 2009 317Statement III Civic and other amenities,2009 317Statement IV Medical facilities, 2009 318Statement V Education,Recreational and Cultural facilities, 2009 319Statement VI Industry and Banking, 2009 321Statement VII Civic and other amenities in slums,2009 321Appendix to Town Directory - Towns showing their outgrowth with population 322

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Foreword

The District Census Handbook (DCHB) is an important publication of the Census Organization since 1951.It contains both Census and non Census data of urban and rural areas for each District. The Census data provideinformation on demographic and socio-economic characteristics of population at the lowest administrative uniti.e. of each Village and Town and ward of the District. The Primary Census Abstract (PCA) part of thispublication contains Census data including data on household amenities collected during 1st.phase of the Censusi.e. House Listing and Housing Census. The non Census data presented in the DCHB is in the form of VillageDirectory and Town Directory contain information on various infrastructure facilities available in the village andtown viz; education, medical, drinking water, communication and transport, post and telegraph, electricity, banking,and other miscellaneous facilities. Later on, the Telegraph Services were closed by the Government of India on15th. July, 2013. The data of DCHB are of considerable importance in the context of planning and developmentat the grass-root level.

2. In the 1961 Census, DCHB provided a descriptive account of the District, administrative statistics, Censustables and Village and Town Directory including Primary Census Abstract. This pattern was changed in 1971Census and the DCHB was published in three parts: Part-A related to Village and Town Directory, Part-B toVillage and Town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, District Census tablesand certain analytical tables based on PCA and amenity data in respect of Villages. The 1981 Census DCHBwas published in two parts: Part-A contained Village and Town Directory and Part-B the PCA of Village andTown including the SCs and STs PCA up to Tahsil/Town levels. New features along with restructuring of theformats of Village and Town Directory were added. In Village Directory, all amenities except electricity werebrought together and if any amenity was not available in the referent Village, the distance in broad ranges fromthe nearest place having such an amenity, was given.

3. The pattern of 1981 Census was followed by and large for the DCHB of 1991 Census except the formatof PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers was given against the four-foldindustrial classification presented in the 1981 Census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 age group wasincluded in the PCA for the first time with a view to enable the data users to compile more realistic literacy rateas all children below 7 years of age had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991 Census. One of theimportant innovations in the 1991 Census was the Community Development Block (CD Block) level presentationof Village Directory and PCA data instead of the traditional Tahsil/Taluk/PS level presentation.

4. As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope of Village Directory was improved by including some otheramenities like banking, recreational and cultural facilities, newspapers & magazines and ‘most importantcommodity’ manufactured in a Village in addition to prescribed facilities of earlier Censuses. In Town Directory,the statement on Slums was modified and its coverage was enlarged by including details on all slums instead of‘notified slums’.

5. The scope and coverage of Village Directory of 2011 DCHB has been widened by including a number ofnew amenities in addition to those of 2001. These newly added amenities are: Pre-Primary School, EngineeringCollege, Medical College, Management Institute, Polytechnic, Non-formal Training Centre, Special Schoolfor Disabled, Community Health Centre, Veterinary Hospital, Mobile Health Clinic, Medical Practitioner withMBBS Degree, Medical Practitioner with no degree, Traditional Practitioner and faith Healer, Medicine Shop,Community Toilet, Rural Sanitary Mart or Sanitary Hardware Outlet in the Village, Community Bio- gas, SubPost Office, Village Pin Code, Public Call Office, Mobile Phone Coverage, Internet Cafes/ Common ServiceCentre, Private Courier Facility, Auto/Modified Autos, Taxis and Vans, Tractors, Cycle-pulled Rickshaws, Carts


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driven by Animals, Village connected to National Highway, State Highway, Major District Road, and OtherDistrict Road, Availability of Water Bounded Macadam Roads in Village, ATM, Self-Help Group, Public DistributionSystem(PDS) Shop, Mandis/Regular Market, Weekly Haat, Agricultural Marketing Society, Nutritional Centers(ICDS), Anganwadi Centre, ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist), Sports Field, Public Library, PublicReading Room, Assembly Polling station, Birth & Death Registration Office. In the Town Directory, sevenStatements containing the details and the data of each Town have been presented viz.; (i)-Status and GrowthHistory of Towns,(ii)- Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii)-Civic and other Amenities, (iv)-MedicalFacilities, (v)-Educational, Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi)- Industry & Banking, and (vii)- Civic & otheramenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise data of Village Directory and Village PCA have been presentedin DCHB of 2011 Census as presented in earlier Census.

6. The data of DCHB 2011 Census have been presented in two parts, Part-A contains Village and TownDirectory and Part-B contains Village and Town wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the Parts have beenpublished in separate volumes in 2011 Census.

7. The Village and Town level amenities data have been collected, compiled and computerized under thesupervision of Shri Prateek Hajela, IAS, Director of Census Operation, Assam. The task of Planning, Designingand Co-ordination of this publication was carried out by Dr. Pratibha Kumari, Assistant Registrar General (SS)under the guidance & supervision of Dr. R.C.Sethi, Ex-Addl. RGI and Shri Deepak Rastogi present Addl.RGI.Shri A.P. Singh, Deputy Registrar General, (Map) provided the technical guidance in the preparation of maps.Shri A.K. Arora, Joint Director of Data Processing Division under the overall supervision of Shri M.S.Thapa,Addl. Director (EDP) provided full cooperation in preparation of record structure for digitization and validitychecking of Village and Town Directory data and the programme for the generation of Village Directory andTown Directory including various analytical inset tables as well as Primary Census Abstract (PCA). The workof preparation of DCHB, 2011 Census has been monitored in the Social Studies Division. I am thankful to all ofthem and others who have contributed to bring out this publication in time.

(C.Chandramouli)New Delhi. Registrar General &Dated:- 16-06-2014 Census Commissioner, India

BONGAIGAON DISTRICT

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The District Census Handbook (DCHB) was first introduced in 1951 Census. This is a publication containingboth Census and Non-Census data. The DCHB is a publication where data is sourced both from StateGovernment as well as from the office of the Directorate of Census Operations.In a DCHB, district wise data at village and town/ Ward level is presented at Community Development

Blockwise. In DCHBs of earlier Censuses only Primary Census Abstract data was presented alongside theVillage directory/Town Directory data. However, during 2011 Census it was decided to bring out two publicationsof DCHB as Part A and Part B for each district. The Part A will contain various inset tables based on VillageDirectory/Town Directory data , Part B shall comprise mainly of Census data pertaining to Primary CensusAbstract (Rural & Urban) as well as Houselisting data arranged CD Block wise for each district. This is thefirst time that the DCHB is coming up with the Houselisting data in its publication.

The main purpose of DCHB is to disseminate data upto the lowest administrative level of villages inrural areas and wards in urban areas to facililate micro level planning and development at the grassroots.

The Census Operation in Assam was conducted under the able guidance and supervision of Shri R.K.Das,IAS. I had assumed office as the Director of Census Operations in February, 2014 and by this time collectionand compilation of Village and Town Directory schedules for the 26395 villages and 214 towns, including 126Census Towns had painstakingly been completed. An important aspect of this publication of DCHB is that unlikeother Census publications where villages are presented only Revenue Circle wise, this publication of the handbookis presenting villages CD Blockwise. For this purpose, the information on CD Blocks was collected from Panchayatand Rural Department of the state Government to arrange the villages accordingly.

The work of collection of Village and Town Directory schedules was done under the supervision ofDr.D.K.Dey, Joint Director and Sri G.R.Saikia, Deputy Director. However, after transfer of Dr. Dey from DCO,Assam, Smt Bharati Chanda supervised the work of compilation, validation and finalization of Village and TownDirectory data. Smt Nijora Sharma, Asst. Director guided and co-ordinated the entire staff engaged in thevarious aspects relating to compilation of the DCHB. Shri J.Ghosh, Sr.Supervisor greatly helped in cross checkingand validation of the entire data. Smt. Salma Sahin Laskar, SI-II and Shri Satadal Dutta, DEO also have contributedsignificantly in bringing out this publication of DCHB by meticulously scrutinizing the data and preparing themanuscripts.

I would like to thank Shri O.M.Singh, Research Officer (Map) and his dedicated team of the Mapsection for preparing the maps presented in the DCHB.

I am grateful to Dr.C.Chandramouli, IAS Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India for hisvaluable guidance and his constant encouragement to complete the work within the time frame. I would also liketo specially thank Shri A.K.Arora, Joint Director, D.P.Division and his team for their constant technical guidanceand co-operation.

Guwahati (PRATEEK HAJELA, IAS)11th July, 2014 DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS,ASSAM

Preface


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Acknowledgement Editing and Supervision

1. Mrs. Bharati Chanda Joint Director2. Shri G.R. Sakia Deputy Director3. Smt. Nijora Sharma Asst. Director4. Sri O.M. Singh Research Officer(Map)

Drafting of Analytical Note

1. Sri N.K. Talukdar Asst. Director (EDP)2. Sri Bikash Nath Asst. Director3. Sri B. Borpujari Asst. Director4. Sri N.M. Gogoi SI-I5. Smt. Ranjita Sharma Sr. Supervisor6. Smt. Pranati Medhi Sr. Supervisor7. Smt. Khana Das SI-II8. Sri S.Sajilal SI-II9. Miss Salma Sahin Laskar SI-II

10. Md. C. Rahman SI-II11. Smt. Ambalika Khound SI-II

Social Studies Section

1. Sri P.J.Borkakoty SI-I2. Sri S. Sajilal SI-II3. Sri S. Swragiary SI-II4. Smt. Dipti Sharma Compiler5. Miss D.Makdoh Compiler6. Miss A. Nilufar Sr. Consultant7. Sri Pankaj Das Jr. Consultant8. Sri Sushanta Chakraborty Jr. Consultant

Data Validation and final set up

1. Sri Jayanta Ghosh Sr. Supervisor2. Sri Satadal Dutta DEO

Mapping Unit

1. Sri M.R.Nath Sr. Geographer2. Smt. S.K.Chetia Sr. Drawing Assistant3. Smt. Minu Kalita Sr. Drawing Assistant4. Smt. Mamoni Kalita Sr. Draughtsman5. Smt. Biju Mahanta Sr. Draughtsman

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The need of data at the grass root level for theadministrative and planning purposes at sub micro levelas well as academic studies prompted the innovationof District Census Handbook. District CensusHandbook is a unique publication from the Censusorganization which provides most authentic details ofcensus and non-census information from village andtown level to district level. The District CensusHandbook was firstly introduced during the 1951Census. It contains both census and non census dataof urban as well as rural areas for each district. Thecensus data contain several demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the lowest administrativeunit i.e. of each village and town and ward of thedistrict. The non census data comprise of data onavailability of various civic amenities andinfrastructural facilities etc. at the town and villagelevel which constitute Village Directory and TownDirectory part of the DCHB. The data of DCHBare of considerable importance in the context ofplanning and development at grass-root level.

In 1961 census DCHB provided a descriptiveaccount of the district, administrative statistics, censustables and village and town directory includingPrimary Census Abstract. This pattern was changedin 1971 Census and the DCHB was published inthree parts: Part-A related to village and towndirectory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrativestatistics, district census tables and certain analyticaltables based on PCA and amenity data in respect ofvillages. The 1981 census DCHB was published intwo parts: Part-A contained village and town directoryand Part-B the PCA of village and town includingthe SCs and STs PCA up to tahsil/town levels. Newfeatures along with restructuring of the formats ofvillage and town directory were added into it. InVillage Directory, all amenities except electricity werebrought together and if any amenity was not availablein the referent village, the distance in broad rangesfrom the nearest place having such an amenity, wasgiven.

HISTORY AND SCOPE OF THE DISTRITCTCENSUS HANDBOOK

The pattern of 1981 census was followed by andlarge for the DCHB of 1991 Census except the formatof PCA. It was restructured. Nine-fold industrialclassification of main workers was given against thefour-fold industrial classification presented in the 1981census. In addition, sex wise population in 0-6 agegroup was included in the PCA for the first time witha view to enable the data users to compile morerealistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years ofage had been treated as illiterate at the time of 1991census. One of the important innovations in the 1991census was the Community Development Block (CDBlock) level presentation of village directory and PCAdata instead of the traditional tahsil/taluk/PS levelpresentation.

As regards DCHB of 2001 Census, the scope ofVillage Directory was improved by including someother amenities like banking, recreational and culturalfacilities, newspapers & magazines and ‘mostimportant commodity’ manufactured in a village inaddition to prescribed facilities of earlier censuses.In Town Directory, the statement on Slums wasmodified and its coverage was enlarged by includingdetails on all slums instead of ‘notified slums’.

The scope and coverage of Village Directory of2011 DCHB has been widened by including a numberof new amenities in addition to those of 2001. In theTown Directory, seven Statements containing thedetails and the data of each town have been presentedviz.; (i)-Status and Growth History of towns,(ii)-Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, (iii)-Civicand other Amenities, (iv)-Medical Facilities, (v)-Educational, Recreational & Cultural Facilities, (vi)-Industry & Banking, and (vii)- Civic & otheramenities in Slums respectively. CD Block wise dataof Village Directory and Village PCA have beenpresented in DCHB of 2011 census as presented inearlier census. The data of DCHB 2011 Census havebeen presented in two parts, Part-A contains Villageand Town Directory and Part-B contains Village andTown wise Primary Census Abstract. Both the Partshave been published in separate volumes in 2011Census.


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Brief History of the district :

Bongaigaon district was a part of erstwhileundivided Goalpara district until 1989 whenGovernment of Assam decided on the formation ofa new district. Accordingly, curving out areas fromGoalpara and Kokrajhar, the district of Bongaigaonstarted functioning with effect from 30.10.1992.

The name of Bongaigaon is believed to havebeen derived from the name of an old village namedBongaigaon alias Bong-ai-gaon situated on thesouthern border of the town. According to hearsay inthe long past there were plenty of wild (Bon) Cows(Gai) in the surrounding hilly and forest areas. So,the villagers assembled time to time to drive awaythe wild cows for protecting their crops. Thus thisarea was popularly known as Bon-Gai-Gaon.

In order to get a clear picture of the history ofBongaigaon the history of erstwhile undividedGoalpara district have to be traced back fromwhich the districts of Dhubri, Kokrjhar, Bongaigaonand the present Chirang were curved out. Theoriginal Goalpara district was first created in 1822A.D. by David Scott, an employee of East IndiaCompany, who was the first Commissioner ofnewly created North East Rangpur district Hd. Qr.at Rangpur town (now in Bangla Desh) and newlycreated Goalpara district was also tagged withNorth-East Rangpur district for administration. Theerstwhile Bijni Kingdom’s area which included theundivided Garo Hills district area also constitutedpart of the original Goalpara district area in 1822.In 1866 Garo Hills was separated from Goalparadistrict area and in the same year a new districtnamed “Greater Koch Behar” was created and theresidual portion of Goalpara district was withdrawnfrom Rangpur and tagged with Koch Behar. In1874 a new province named Assam ValleyProvince was created by British govt. (successorof East India Company) and Goalpara district areawas withdrawn from Koch Behar and tagged withAssam Province which continues till today. Theoriginal Goalpara district have presently beenbifurcated into five districts namely (i) Goalpara (ii)Dhubri (iii) Kokrajhar (iv) Bongaigaon and (v)Chirang.

The Bijni Kingdom was situated between 25053' and 260 32' N. and 900 85' and 910 85' E. Theestate was in possession of the Bijni family,descended from the Koch king Nara Narayan, whoreigned over Kamata kingdom from 1534 to 1584.Before his death, Nara Narayana allowed hiskingdom to be divided between his son LakshmiNarayan and his nephew Raghu Rai (son ofChilarai). Raghu Rai established his capital atBarnagar in the Barpeta (now a district in Assam),and received as his share the Koch territories lyingto the east of Sankosh River.

After the death of Nara Narayan in 1584, RaghuRai declared independence. The eastern kingdomruled by Raghu Rai came to be called Koch Hajoand the western Koch Bihar.Soon after thedeclaration of independence, the two kingdomsstarted showing hostilities against each other. RaghuRai was succeeded by his son Parikshit Narayanand was defeated in 1602 by the army of Nawab ofDhaka (governor for the Mughals) who was movedby Lakshmi Narayan (ruler of Koch Bihar).Parikshit was defeated at Dhubri (now a district inAssam) and sued for peace. But soon, he continuedwith the hostilities and in 1614 was driven up toPandu, now in Guwahati. There, Parikshitsurrendered and agreed to become a vassal of theMughal Empire. But before he could take up thisassignment he died. The Mughals then appointedKabisekhar as the kanungo and instructed SheikhIbrahim Karori to set up a Mughal system ofadministration. Parikshit’ son Bijit Narayan, wasconfirmed by the Mughals as ‘jamindar’ of the areabetween the river Manas and the Sankosh, and fromhim the Bijni family descended. The name “Bijni”,now a sub-division of Chirang district of BodolandTerritorial Area in Assam, comes from the name ofthe king Bijit Narayan.

Under the Mughal rule, the Bijni king BijitNarayan paid a tribute of Rs. 5,998 which wasafterward commuted to an annual delivery of 68elephants. During the last two decades of 17thcentury, the Mughals lost their influence on Assamwhile the East India Company gradually started

BONGAIGAON DISTRICT

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strengthening their foothold in different parts of Indiaincluding Bengal.

The East India Company was awarded the‘diwani’ or overlordship of Bengal by the empirefollowing the Battle of Buxar in 1764 and thecompany came to an agreement (known asPermanent Settlement) with Bengali landlords in1793 to fix revenues to be raised from land. With theTreaty of Yandaboo in 1826, the East India Companyfinally took control of the both Esstern Assam andWestern Assam. However, it was doubtful whetherGoalpara was ever included in the PermanentSettlement. According to The Imperial Gazetteer ofIndia (Volume 8), a small assessment from the Bijnikingdom was always accepted in lieu of landrevenue, though it has sometimes been argued it wasnothing more than a tribute. The Imperial Gazetteerof India, which was published in 1902, states that theBijni family paid a revenue of Rs. 1,500 and cessesamounting to nearly Rs. 19,000 for an estate whichcovered an area of 950 square miles (2,500 km2)with an estimated rent-roll of Rs. 2 lakh.

On the conclusion of the Bhutan war (or DuarWar) fought between British India and Bhutan in1864–1865, the Bijni family put forward claims tohold a large tract of land in the Eastern Duir whichthey alleged that they were in possession under theBhutan government. The claim was admitted and in1870 a settlement was effected with the Court ofWards on behalf of the minor Bijni Raja. The presentextent of the estate to which they were entitled wasstill matter of uncertainty, but in 1882 it was ruled bythe government of India that the Raja should receive130,000 acres (530 km2) of land. These estatesgenerally remained under the direct management ofthe government, who allowed to the Raja 7.5 percentof the collections as his share of profits

District Administration:The Deputy Commissioner of the District is the

overall in charge of the administration of the entiredistrict. He also acts as the Collector in case ofRevenue matters, as a District Magistrate in case of

maintenance of Law and Order and GeneralAdministration, as a District Election Officer in caseof conduct of Election, as a Principal Census Officerwhile conducting Census, and so on. A number ofOfficers, like Additional Deputy Commissioners,Sub-divisional Officers, Extra AssistantCommissioners and others assist the DeputyCommissioner is looking after the administration ofthe district. At lower level each sub-division isheaded by one Sub-Divisional Officer whereasunder him there will be Revenue Circle Officers foreach revenue circles who are responsible for theentire administration of the area under theirrespective revenue circle.

Bongaigaon district is bounded by Barpeta districtin the east Dhubri and Kokrajhar district towards thewest, Goalpara district in the south and Chirangdistrict in the north. The Headquarters of the districtis located at Bongaigaon town situated at the lowerpart of the Brahmaputra Valley. In the district somejurisdictional changes has taken place during 2001-2011. As per Notification No.GAG(B) 137/2002/Pt/117 dated 30th October,2003 , 353 villages ofgeographical area 676.80 Sq.Km. and Bijni(TC) of3.00 Sq.Km was carved out from the district forinclusion in the new district of Chirang. The total areaof the district is 1093 square kms. The rank of thisdistrict in comparison to other districts of Assam interms of area is 25th. It is one of the smallest districtsof Assam. Bongaigaon district possesses three subdivisions namely Bongaigaon, North Salmara and BijniSubdivisions. Bongaigaon Subdivision consists of twoRevenue Circles such as Sidli (part II) andBongaigaon(Pt) Revenue circles, North Salmara subdivision has also two-revenue circles viz Boitamariand Srijangram and Bijni Sub division occupies onlyBijni(Pt) Revenue Circle. Thus the district has alltogether 5 revenue circles with 563 villages. As perCensus 2011, Bongaigaon district is comprised of 5towns (Two Statutory Towns and Three CensusTowns) namely Bongaigaon (MB) ,Abhayapuri (TC), BRPL town ship (CT) , New Bongaigaon RlyColony (CT) and Chalantapara Pt-IV (CT).

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ANALYTICAL NOTE

ANALYTICAL NOTE

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Physical feature: Bongaigaon District was created in 1989

curving out areas of Goalpara and KokrajharDistrict. The district headquarter is Bongaigaon.Longitudinally the district extends from 90°22’E to90°5'? E and 26°9?’ N to 26°42?’ N 30° N bylatitude. It is surrounded by five districts of Assam,namely Barpeta in the east, Goalpara in the south-east, Kokrajhar and Dhubri in the west and Chirangin the North Topographically the district displays acombination of plain and low rugged topographyhaving a beautiful spot on the flat alluvial plain of themighty Brahmaputra. The monotony of the flatnesshas often been retired in the southern part by thepresence of a few scattered small hills ranging from1000ft to 1500 ft in average. The topography of thedistrict embrassed by the presence of intensivelongitudinal rivers indicates a fair degree of tiltnesstowards south.

The presence of the rivers of the district andtheir frequent silt deposition over hereby areas makethe soils fertile and give an evergreen look throughout the year on agriculture fields and vegetation.Most of the parts of the district are linked withvillages covered in groves of slender areca palms,broadleaved plantains and feathery bamboo and in allseasons of the year, the district looks fresh andgreen.

Drainage:The river Ai, the Kanamakra and the Manas are

the important drainage of the district. The formertwo are the right bank tributaries of the later. Manasis not only important for its Himalayan origin and thevolume of its water drainage but for its active linkwith the past history of the region. From the longpast it was the western boundary of the state. Theriver Champabati is another river of the district fordrainage of water, which determines the boundary ofBongaigaon. The whole drainage of the districtultimately finds its way to all big and small rivers.

Climate:The climate of the district is almost same with

that of other districts of the state. The cold seasonstarts in the district from the end of November whenboth the day and night temperature begin to fallsharply. The temperature generally goes down to the

minimum points in the months of December andJanuary. These two months are the coldest month ofeach year when the mean daily minimumtemperature reaches between12° centigrade. Fromthe end of February the mercury level slowly goesup and in July, August and September, thetemperature reaches the maximum point. Duringthese months, the mean maximum temperature doesnot come below 31° degrees centigrade. Thesemonths can be treated as hottest months for thedistrict in each year. The high percentage ofmoisture in the atmosphere makes the weatherirritating. The percentage of relative humidity inthese months is between 85° and 88° centigrade. Inthe month of October, the temperature generallycomes down and the nights become more pleasant inthe district

Most of the rainfall in a year causes due to theprevalence of south west monsoon while winterrains ,in scanty comes from the north east monsoon,Occasionally associated with thunder showers due towesterly and local effect .As per StatisticalHandbook, 2012 the average monthly rainfall is thehighest in the month of July with 412.6 m.m and thelowest rainfall recorded is 1.0 mm during January.

Soils:The soils of the district are not much different

from those of other districts of the state. The districtis characterized by an abundance of marshes andlow lands, the soil of which contain a largepercentage of organic matter. The solid geology ofthe district which mostly lies under the broad levelplain, is covered by alluvium. The older alluviumcomposed of light terrace gravel stretches from theBhutan border. The soil is composed of sand andclay in varying proposition ranging from pure sandnear the rivers to stiff clay. The soils in Bongaigaonare generally fertile due to annual deposit of slit. .The soil type is generally sandy to sandy loam withalluvial deposits. The soil is highly porous andtherefore, lacks moisture retention capacity and issusceptible to erosion. The water level in the districtis very low. The rivers also act as reservoir forfisheries. The district has a total of six registeredbeel fisheries. Goalpara Soil ConservationDivision with its head quarters at Kokrajhar isthe nodal agency to oversee the soil conservationand water management works in the district.

DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK : BONGAIGAON DISTRICT

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There is only one range office in the Bongaigaondistrict which was under the jurisdiction of Goalparadivision.

Minerals and Mining:The district has no minerals deposits or mines.

Clay used for the manufacture of bricks and roofingtiles are available. The Archaeans, mostly Granites,Granite-gresis and the intrusive delerits are locallyworked to be used as road metals.

Land and land use pattern: Land resource is one the most important andvaluable free gift of the nature and its properutilization by the inhabitants is of great value. Landshould be fully used as per its capability. Lack ofproper or profitable use means wastage of landresource and it results loss of productivity. It thereforerequires proper and timely use of this kind of asset.

The following table indicates the pattern of landuse under various classification of land inBongaigaon district

Table-ILand use Pattern in BongaigaonDistrict, 2010-2011

Source: Statistical Hand book Assam, 2012

Sl. No. Land put to different uses Area in hectares

1 Total Geographical area 1519992 Forest area 443 Land not available for cultivation 64715

a Land put to non-agricultural uses 36489b Barren and un-cultural land 28226

4 Other non-cultivated land excluding fallow land 10384a Permanent pastures and other grazing land

bLand under misc, trees, groves etc. not included in net area 1327

c Cultivable waste land 39005 Fallow land 9221

a Fallow other than current fallow 1441b Current fallow 7780

6 Net area sown 676357 Total cropped area 1046988 Area sown more than once 37063

Agriculture:The economy of the district is primarily

agricultural in nature. The alluvial soil of the districtis fertile and suitable for agricultural production. It isthe main occupation of the people of the district.

The staple food of the district is rice. The otherimportant crops are Mustard, Pulse, Cereals Wheatand Jute. Lahi rice is grown in higher fields which isan important product of the district. The Joha is the

finest variety of rice commonly grown by the people ofthe district. Boradhan is also sown particularly toprepare chira and pitha (cake). Ahu is another type ofrice grown in the middle of July. Wheat is also gainingpopularity and is supplementing rice in diet. Wheat iscultivated as a rabbi crop. The varities are Sonalika andKalyan sona. Rape and Mustard are often grown alongwith Ahu rice. Pulses like Matikalai, Masur, Mug arealso, grown in the area to a certain extent.

ANALYTICAL NOTE

5

Table-IIArea and Production of important crops in Bongaigaon district for the year 2011-2012

1 2 3 4

1 Autumn Paddy 15953 305662 Winter Paddy 36205 752293 Summer Paddy 10507 498424 Wheat 5125 6680

1 Matikalai 2115 16282 Jute 2371 249653 Rape and Mustard 7211 49784 Potato 2705 226655 Sugarcane 183 67816 Masur 1348 821

Sl. No. Types of Crop Area under cultivation (hectare) Production (Tones)

A - Cereals

B. Miscellaneous

Source: Website of Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Assam

Horticultural crops:The district of Bongaigaon is under the North

East Sub Tropical horticulture zone of India. Thedistrict has favourable agro climatic conditions forthe development of various plantation andhorticulture crops. However, the horticulture &plantation crops are generally not grown oncommercial scale in the district. The district has highpotential for growth of citrus fruits, pineapple, arecanut, and medicinal and aromatic plants besidesrubber plantation. The most important garden crop ofthe district is the plantain locally known as “kal”.

The different varieties of bananas are produced inthe district. The common varieties of Bananas areMalbhog, Chenikal, Cheni Champa, Athia, Porakal,Manohar, Jahaji, etc. Porakal/kachkal is used asvegetable. It is used in curry or can be used for drycurry. The bananas tree is useful because the wholeplant from leaf to the root is used for differentpurposes. The tree and its fruits are commonly usedfor worship. Mangoes Jackfruits, Lemons Arecanut,Coconuts, Papaya, etc are also largely grown is thedistrict. Various types of vegetables are grown in thedistrict.


6

Table- IIIArea and Production of Horticulture crops in Bongaigaon district, 2011-2012

Sl.No. Type of crops Area under cultivator (in Hectare) Production (in Tonnes)

1 Brinjal 776 183952 Cabbage 896 178793 Cauliflower 558 82194 Okra 357 44215 Onion 260 5636 Papaya 165 41807 Sweet Potato 176 5358 Tomato 676 12435

1 Banana 670 90162 Mango 126 14513 Orange 284 25194 Guava 190 38665 Jackfruit 883 59956 Pineapple 249 46437 Lemon 242 22678 Litchi 191 1418

Vegetables

Fruits

Source : Website of Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Assam.

Irrigation:During monsoons season, the district gets heavy

rainfall. The months May, June and July of eachyear are the wettest period of the year and thesemonths account for more than 60% of the totalannual rainfall. The agriculture of the district dependlargely on rainwater for their cultivation. Agriculturesuffers heavy loss in year of excessive rain due tothe result of flood and also in the years of drought.In time of drought cultivators are required to irrigatetheir fields by digging cannels from various streamsand rivers. The old and outdated systems ofirrigation are still prevailing in the district. Thechannels and ponds are constructed to water theagricultural fields. Some minor irrigation projects areinstalled in the district by constructing bunds acrossthe streams and rivulets, drainage channels and siltchannels to obtain silt deposits in low lying areas hasbeen used in some part of the district.Cultivators of

the district are mainly dependent on rainfall. Butrainfall being unevenly distributed, they also resort toindigenous methods of irrigation such as lifting ofwater by means of swing bucket. To meet thedemands of the agriculturists for a regular supply ofwater, irrigation schemes are also undertaken by thegovernment.

The district receives sufficient amount of rainduring monsoon season but the major crops likepaddy, jute, sugarcane etc. have to depend on someother sources of water during the major part of theyear. The system of jan or dong (a canal) to irrigatepaddy field by constructing small canals is still inpractice in some part of the district. Some minorirrigation project like construction of bunds acrossthe streams and rivulets, drainage channels and siltchannels etc. are implemented in the district by theGovernment. Lift irrigation with electric pump-setshas also been operated in some parts of the district.

ANALYTICAL NOTE

7

The Government has constructed someembankments and roads in the district to saveagriculture from the floodwater. The Department ofIrrigation is also helped the farmers by giving

financial help for purchase of pump sets. Thetabe well and well are also provided to thefarmers so as to enable than to water theirfields.

Table-IVIrrigation potential utilised andtargets and additional potential created in Bongaigaon

district during 2011-12(Cumulative)Sl. .No Particulars Land areas in (hectares)

1 Irrigation Potential utilized during 2011-2012 124i During Kharif crop 48ii During Rabi and pre kharif crop 76

2 Irrigation potential 7677i Minor 7677ii Major and Medium --

3 Target of addition irrigation potential 1244i Minor 1244ii Major Medium --

4 Achievement of addition irrigation potential 770i Minor 770ii Major Medium

Source: Statistical Hand book Assam, 2012

Animal Husbandry:Animal Husbandry contribute maximum to the

net stock of domestic product. Livestock is themain wealth next to agriculture of a large chunk ofrural population. Livestock plays an important rolein the economy of the state which is primarilyagrarian. Agriculture economy is supplement byAnimal Husbandry. Agriculture production dependsvery much on the livestock available. The activitiesallied to agriculture have significant rule insupplementing the income of the farmers. \

The district is proud of breeding various kindsof livestock. Cattle and goats are main animals formost of the families of the district. A major poritionof the families earns money by selling milk, cowand goats. Buffaloes,sheep, horses, fowls, ducksare also available. Some of the families have beenstarted to keep Jersy Cows for business purposes.

The different agencies also distributes graded, Jersycows amongst the farmers.

For the betterment of livestock, emphasis has beenlaid on the cultivation of fodder crops to provide themwith nutritious diet. Roots and seeds of improved grassesare freely distributed to the farmers from theGovernment farms. The present Animal Husbandry andVeterinary Department, known as Civil VeterinaryDepartment has started functioning in Assam since 1953.This department has been constantly helping the farmersfor take care of their animals. In order to improve thebreed cattle, measures have been adopted by the abovedepartment. Contagious and infectious diseases are alsoprevalent among the livestock in the district. To protectanimals from such diseases measures are taken by thedepartment. The Government has also establishedHospital, Dispensaries, Farms, Training Centers etc forthe benefit of the animal in the district.


8

Table-VLivestock and Poultry in Bongaigaon district as on 2007

Sl.No. Livestock and Poultry Nos.1 Cattle 2452132 Buffaloes 26603 Sheep 304324 Goats 915895 Horse and Ponies 55 Pigs 69476 Fowls 4676947 Ducks 115075

Source: -Statistical handbook Assam, 2012

Fisheries:Pisciculture is becoming popular among all

sections of the people. It is now-a-days become asource of income for village people. Most of thevillage people have their ponds where fish of variouskinds are produced either for business or for ownconsumption. No social stigma is attached to thisbusiness as such nowadays commercial fishing hasbeen taken place in big way.

Fisheries in Assam are of different kinds. Theseare beel, river, swamp and forest derelict and semiderelict, pond and tank fisheries. Beel and riverfisheries may be either registered or unregistered.Besides, there are good number of private tank,marshy areas, dead rivers and canals where

pisciculture is done. The different kinds of fishesare available in beels and rivers of the district. Thebigger type of fish generally found in the beels areRou, Barali, Chital, Kalia jora, Sol etc. Among thesmaller varieties Kawai, Magur, Puthi, Shingara,Khalihana, Garoi Chal kana etc. are very commonin the district.

The development of fisheries in the district wasinitiated only after independence. The schemetaken by the Government for the development ofpisciculture are (1) seed collection and distribution(II) survey of fisheries and reclamation (III)renovation of ancient tanks (IV) fish farming (V)financial assistance and loan for promotion offisheries (V) distribution of feeding for fishes etc.

Table VITable-Area under Fisheries in Bongaigaon 2011-2012

Types Beel Fisheries Pond & Tank Derelict Water Bodies/Swampss Forest FisheriesNos. 47 7394 7 2Area(in Hect) 4348 925 107 51

Sericulture:Sericulture is one of the age-old part-time

occupations of the rural people during theiragricultural off season. Time has changed thesituation. The importance of this type of cloth isgaining popularity day by day among the people ofthe state as well as out side the state. Hence it does

not remain as a part-time occupation for thepeople today.Silk industry in Assam hasflourished since time immemorial. The art ofsericulture and rearing of cocoons formanufacture of various silk cloths were known tothe Assamese as early as the Ramayan and thedays of Arthasastra.

ANALYTICAL NOTE

9

Table- VIISericulture Activities in the District, 2011-12

Three principal varieties of silk namely Pat, Eriand Muga are still produced in Assam. The firstvariety is the finest and costliest. Eri is of coarserquality and is generally used by common people.Muga is stouter and mora durable than any othercloths.The pat, Muga and Eri are being produced bythe people of Bongaigaon district. The State

government and the Central silk Board havetaken various measures for the development ofsericulture in Assam to increase the production ofseed cocoons as well as the quality of yarn.

Following table gives the picture of familiesengaged in silk production and total areascovered.

Type No. of Families Engaged Total Area under Silk Worm Food Plants (in Hect) No.of Sericulture villagesEri 1996 174.48Muga 357 209Mulberry 59 215

156

Source: Statistical Hand Book Assam, 2012

Weaving:Weaving is an important traditional occupation of

the rural women folk of the district. In Assamesehouseholds the females are born weavers. Theirartistic products have a high demand in the marketand they are cherished from other parts of thecountry as well as those from abroad. Products ontheir traditional loom are low and time consuming.Itis most important cottage industry of Assam from thedays of yore. In the past there was hardly anAssamese family without a loom. Normally thehandloom cloths were not produced on a commercialscale and every family attained self-sufficiency inrespect of cloths.

During the British rule, the weaving industryfaced a keen competition from the mill made goodswhich dominated the markets situated even in theinterior areas also. However, the weaving industrydid not lose its importance among the people ofAssam. Mahatma Gandhi ably remarked that theAssamese women could weave fairy tales in theircloths. The Chaddar, Mekhela and Gamocha are themost important products of handloom weaving.

The Government of Assam has opened severalcentres in the district for skill development and toassist and promote the existing weaving units. Italso helps the weavers by ways of giving training,aid, assistant etc. for improvement of products.

Table-VIIIHandloom &Textiles in Bongaigaon (2010 – 11)

Handloom training Centre(HTC) Number of Trainees in HTC Handloom Production Centre (No) Production3 45 - -

Source: Statistical Hand Book, Assam, 2012


10

Industries:Bongaigaon is not very much industrially

developed district. She is lagging behind in thearena of industries than other plains districts ofAssam. The district has made little headway inrespect of industries. The establishment of heavyindustry “Bongaigaon Refinery Cum PetroChemical Complex at Dhaligaon about 10 kmsaway from Bongaigaon town and “Ashok paperMill” Jogighopa are the example of thedevelopment of the industries in the district. TheAluminum Utensil Factory is also set up atBongaigaon. The Government of Assam hasestablished an Industrial Estate at Bongaigaon

which has given a boost for the industrial growth inthe district.

In the district, there are some registered factoriesrelating to manufacture of food products. Cotton,Textiles, Wood and Wood products including furnitureand textures etc. are available in the district. Thedistrict is rich in cottage industries like pottery, blacksmithy, gold and silver smithy, cane and bambooworks, sericulture and wearing etc. But due to variousreasons, these industries are not developed in the lineof modern style and technique. However, theIndustries Department, and Industries DevelopmentCorporation have constantly looking after theseindustries by providing assistance and help.

Table-IX Types of Industry

Factory Workers Factory Workers1 Agriculture, Hunting and related Service Activities 32 545 1 6

2 Manufacturing of Food products and Beverage 1559 71123 5 113

3 Manufacturing of Tobacco products 53 760 4 146

4 Manufacturing of textiles 60 4394 2 167

5 Manufacturing of wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture, articles of straw and plaiting materials

420 8175 5 119

6 Manufacturing of Paper and Paper products 68 4111 1 383

7 Manufacturing of coke,Refined petroleum products and natural fuel 68 5877 4 88

8 Manufacturing of chemicals and chemicals products 152 7751 1 0

9 Manufacturing of Rubber, and Plastic products. 177 3643 6 36

10 Manufacturing of Non-Metallic mineral products 8416 36101 18 1058

11 Manufacturing of basic metals 172 4070 2 14

12Manufacturing of fabricated Metal products and part(except Machinery and equipment) 109 1420 2 57

13 Manufacturing of other Transport Equipments 12 3817 3 2214

14 Manufacturing of Furniture, Manufacturing of N.E.C. 26 611 1 8

15 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water supply 43 1406 3 38

Sl. No. Type of Industry Units

Source: Statistical handbook, 2012.

Trade and Commerce: Before Independence, good overlandcommunication system was not developed and thescope for external trade was very much limited inthe Bongaigaon district, But after lapse of time, thesituation has slowly improved. There has beenexpansion of road and rail communicationconsiderably. A big volume of retail business is at presentcarried out in the district. The internal and external

business of the district is also done through road andrailway. The important items of import of the districtare pulses. onion, potato, garments and clothes,hardware’s, consumer goods, electric equipments,wheat, edible oil, rice, medicine, machinery etc.agricultural products such as Jute, Mustard, Gingerand Vegetables are being exported out side thedistrict. The petroleum and other products ofRefinery are being exported to other parts of thestate and to the neighboring states. Important trade

ANALYTICAL NOTE

11

centers are Bongaigaon town, New BongaigaonJogighopa, Abhoyapuri, etc. The hats and marketsare important centers of trade and commerce wherea great deal of Business is transacted.

Banking:Bongaigaon district had no banking

establishment in the long past. The moneylenderswere the main source of getting loans. They playeda vital role among the villages. But with the passageof time, the situation of credit source changed in abig way. There is a wide network of banks in thedistrict at present. The progress in the respectbanking has been made in the spread of branches of

Commercial Banks since nationalisation of banks. Atthe time of nationalisation, the number of Bankswere very limited. Some of the Commercial Banksof the nationalised bank have opened their branchesin urban as well as rural areas of the district. Thereare some branch offices of Commercial scheduledBanks. The state Bank of India has also opened itsbranches at different places of the district. Thefunctioning of various banks in the district hasimproved rapidly now-a-day. The Co-operativeSocieties have also come up in a big way to meetcredit requirement in rural areas of the district.However the money lenders still play a role as asource of credit for rural people even to-day.

Table -X Position of Deposits and Credits of Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks in

Bongaigaon district as on March 2011

Category of Bank Nos. of Offices Rs. In crore deposits Credit Credit Deposit ratioScheduled Commercial Banks 32 906 243 31.19

Scheduled Regional Rural Banks 9 131 47 35.87 Source: - Statistical Handbook Assam 2012.

Transports and Communication: During pre-independence period the districtBongaigaon was connected with the rest of Assamonly by a railway line and the North Trunk Road. Assuch transport facilities were very limited. It wasonly after independence that the district witnessedconsiderable improvement in rail and road transport.Regular bus service of Assam State TransportCorporation and privately managed organizations areavailable to and from all-important places of thedistrict which are well connected with StateHeadquarters and important towns of Assam. Evennight buses are regularly plying from Bongaigaon toimportant towns of Assam. This has undeniablyfacilitated the people of the district in getting bettertransportation and is a clear indication of roaddevelopment of the district. As per Economic Survey,Assam, 2011-2012 inBonagaiagaon district there is 425 Km of BlackTopped and 376 Km of Earthen/Gravelled PWD

roads. The lengths of Roads according to differentclasses under PWD are mentioned as under: 1. State Highway: 41 Km 2 . Major district : 16 Km 3. Rural Road : 1573 Km 4. Urban Road : 40 Km The nearest railway station to the districtheadquarter Bongaigaon is New Bongaigaon. Themeter-gauge railway line in existence connectingAssam with the rest of the country have beenconverted to Broad-gauge and extended toBongaigaon and thereafter to Jogighopa was openedto goods traffic on June 15, 1965 and passengertraffic in January 1966 where-in a new era in the railtransport opened in the district as well as to theentire state of Assam. The district has no steamerservice as there is no demand for the same.However cargo services are available betweenJogighopa to Pancharatna for transhipment of bulkgoods.


12

Electricity and Power:The power supply is an important amenity which

every village and town require. The development of anyarea is largely depended on power supply .The agriculturaland industrial development also cannot accelerate withoutthe availability of power. It is so important that everybodyneeds power for their day-to-day lives.

Power supply in Bongaigaon district was not somuch developed in the past. The National PowerSupply Corporation has first supplied the power in thedistrict. The State Electricity Board took over powersupply in the district in the later stage through dieselgenerating machines.

Local self Government;The present system of local self Government is a

legacy of the British Administration and its origin maybe traced to the principle of local taxation embodiedin Regulation 13 of 1813. However, some forms oflocal self Government were in existence likeNamghar in pre-British period. It was a village courtwhere trials of crimes and disputes were held in.

The Assam Panchayat Act, 1959 which wasoperated in 1960, abolished the local Boards andunder this Act a three-tire Panchayat Raj system wasenforced in Assam. But the Panchayat Act, 1972,which was operated in 1973, changed over to two-tiresystem of Panchayat and the Intermediary AnchalikPanchaysts have been abolished.

As mentioned in the Statistical Handbook Assam,2000, there are 93 gaon Panchaysts in rural areas and3 Mahkuma Parishada in urban areas of the district.The urban centers are classified as Municipal Board,Town Committee and Municipal Corporation. InBongaigaon district, there is one Municipal Board atBongaigaon town itself and one town committees atAbhayapuri town. Three is one Chairman and a ViceChairman in Municipality Board and town committee.The Chairman is the head of administration. He isempowered to implement the schemes approved bythe Board or committee. The Board or committee hassome sources of income. It levies different taxes onholding, rickshaws, cars, bicycle, stalls, market, etc

Tenancy:The Goalpara Tenancy Act, 1982 is a hallmark in

the history of land reforms in Assam. The presentBongaigaon was a part of then Goalpara district. ThisAct governs the relation between the landlord and the

tenant in Bongaigaon district also. The Zamindarysystem was withdrawn in Assam in 1951 with theenforcement of the Assam State Acquisition ofZamindary Act, under the Zamindary system, thetenants have no right either to make permanent theland they cultivate or to transfer to other. Hence thetenants were in a pitiable condition. Goalpara TenancyAct 1929 provided the occupancy raiyats permanent,heritable and transferable right to the tenants.Protection was given to the tenants against illegalejectment and enhancement of land rent. The Act isin operation even after abolition of the Zamindarysystem in 1956-57. and was an ended in 1970 byincluding the development in the concept of tenancy.The provisions of the Assam Adhiars Protection andRegulation Act ,1948 was applicable in the wholedistrict. This Act was finally replaced in 1974.

District administration: The Deputy Commissioner of the District is the

overall in charge of the administration of the entiredistrict. He also acts as various capacities vizcollector in case of Revenue matters, as a DistrictMagistrate in case of maintenance of law and orderand general Administration as a District ElectionOfficer in case of conducting Election of Panchayats,Town Committee, Municipal Board Election to stateAssemblies, Lok Sbha as a Principal. District Censusofficer in case of conducting National level populationCensus etc. A number of officer, like AdditionalDeputy Commissioner Sub-divisional Officer,ExtraAssistant commissioner, all District Officers ofvarious departments, and others assist the DeputyCommissioner in looking after the administration ofthe District.

Law and Order: Maintenance of Law and Order is anotherimportant aspect of the district administration. TheDeputy Commissioner also being the DistrictMagistrate is responsible for proper maintenance ofthe same. The Deputy Commissioner is aided by theAdditional District Magistrate and Sub-divisionalMagistrate. The Circle Officers of the Circles alsofunction as Executive Magistrate and are responsiblefor maintenance of Law and Order in their respectivecircle areas. The District Magistrate and othermagistrate take the necessary assistance from thepolice department for any law and order situation.Police administration of the district is headed by theSuperintendent of Police.

ANALYTICAL NOTE

13

Table XIThe number of different cases of the crimes reported under I.P.C. in the District, 2011

Cases of Crime reported in Bongaigaon district-2012M

urde

r

Rap

e

Kid

napp

ing

Dac

oits

Rob

bery

Bur

glar

y

Rio

t

Crim

inal

bre

ach

of T

rust

Che

atin

g

Thef

t

Cou

nter

feiti

ng

othe

r

20 72 78 9 11 106 110 36 33 178 2 903

Char Area:The Char areas are those lands which are generally

formed near the banks of big rivers. In Assam, suchareas are usually found in low lying flood-prone zonefrom Sadiya to Dhubri on banks of the mightyBrahmaputra river. The river Brahmaputra carries sandannually during flood which gets deposited in its nearbyareas in the both sides of banks when the floods recede.The height of low lying plain areas near to the banksof the Brahmaputra rises by depositing sandy loam orsalty loam in texture. As a result of deposition ofenormous load of sediments in the middle of the rivercourse, a large number of river island called Chaparisor Chars are formed in Assam. The soil of these areasis of new alluvial nature. These are less acidic and aremoderately rich in plant nutrients. people displaced byfloods begins to reside in these areas and startscultivation too. But even though, these areas are notfree from the menace of flood after their settlementalso. During flood, the settlers of these areas shift tosome other high lands to spend the period of flood andcome back to their original place of abode after floodrecedes. But sometimes, due to tremendous changesof river course, many chars remain free from the flood.

i)Administration of char areas:These areas are looked after by the administration

of Assam Government. Even though the rules andregulations of the state Government is followed, it isseen that the Char areas. have some sorts of local

self-Government of their own. In each Char village, aperson is selected by the villagers as the head of thevillage who is called ‘Matbor’ (Headman). This ismainly prevalent in the Muslim dominated Char areas.As a custom each and every persons are to follow hisinstruction, guidance or order. The Matbor guides thepeople of his locality in their many collective issues.The opinion or decision given by Matbor in respect ofcommon issues such as casting of vote to a particularcandidate during election, dispute regarding any matterrelating to land, religious or social has to be obeyed byall. The highest numbers of Chars are found in Dhubridistrict.

ii) Socio-economic status :The socio-economic status of the people of the

char areas is infact said to be deplorable. The populacesare mostly illiterates where only about 13 to 15 percentof the total populations of entire char areas are literate.The standard of attainment of education is mostlyprimary level .Only a few percent has attained highschool level.The economic activities of the inhabitantsof chars are generally cultivation and fishing. The low-lying char areas are favourable for growing Ahu andBao rice and also jute. The settlers of char areas aregenerally grow these kinds of rice and potato in largequantity. They grow various types of vegetable for sale.Whatever the amount of crops they grow they areunable to meet their both ends meet. The types of house


14

in the char areas are mostly kutcha structure made ofthatch, bamboo, reed and mud. These houses are mostlyhuts. A very few families have their houses with C.I.sheets as roof.

The people of all Char villages mostly use riverwater for drinking purpose during rainy season.However, few villages have hand-pump, tube wellsfrom where they collect their drinking water. Thevillages are not connected by any roadway. The countryboats are used for communication.

iii) Developmental Programme undertaken:Some developmental programmes have been

undertaken by the State Government for thedevelopment of the people of the Char areas. Safedrinking water, medical sub-centres were providedby the Government in some areas. The schools areup to the level of lower primary schools, Middleschools are also established in some char areas.For higher education, the children have to go tonearby towns and villages. The Government ofAssam also set up a Char Development Authorityat Guwahati for all round development of Char

people. In the district level, offices of the ProjectOfficers are established to look into projectsundertaken for these areas. Various kinds of loansand grant-in-aids are also provided to the villagersby this department.

iv) Char Area in Bongaigaon District :As per Socio-Economic Survey Report, 2003-04,

out of 2,251 Char villages in 14 districts of Assam, 117Char villages are in Bongaigaon district. The totalpopulation of these 117 Chars is about 135809 whoare spread on the total area of 14256 hectares of land.Only 12.46 percent populations are literates. 67.50 percent population is found to live below poverty line.

The socio economic condition of Char dwellers isdeplorable as they have no sufficient cultivable landsand whatever lands that have possessed are not fertileand moreover subject to flood. Generally all lands inChar areas are sandy. Out of total lands in the Char,70% lands are cultivable. Only a few varieties of cropscan be grown on such lands. Fish and other riverproducts are available in rivers are mainly used forown. and rarely on commercial line.

********************

ANALYTICAL NOTE

15

ii) Census concepts

Building:

A ‘Building’ is generally a single structure onthe ground. Usually a structure will have four wallsand a roof. Sometimes it is made up of more thanone component unit which are used or likely to beused as dwellings (residences) or establishments suchas shops, business houses, offices, factories,workshops, work sheds, Schools, places ofentertainment, places of worship, godowns, stores etc.It is also possible that building which have componentunits may be used for a combination of purposes suchas shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence,office-cum-residence etc. But in some areas the verynature of construction of houses is such that theremay not be any wall. Such is the case of conicalstructures where entrance is also provided but theymay not have any walls. Therefore, such of theconical structures are also treated as separatebuildings.

Pucca houses:

Houses, the walls and roof of which aremade of permanent materials. The material of wallscan be any one from the following, namely, Stones(duly packed with lime or cement mortar), G.I/metal/asbestos sheets, Burnt bricks, Cement bricks,Concrete. Roof may be made of from any one of thefollowing materials, namely, Machine-made tiles,Cement tiles, Burnt bricks, Cement bricks, Stone,Slate, G.I/Metal/Asbestos sheets, Concrete. Suchhouses are treated as Pucca house.

Kutcha houses:

Houses in which both walls and roof aremade of materials, which have to be replacedfrequently. Walls may be made from any one of thefollowing temporary materials, namely, grass, Unburntbricks, bamboos, mud, grass, reeds, thatch, plastic /polythene, loosed packed stone, etc. Such houses aretreated as Kutcha house.

Dwelling Room:

A room is treated as a dwelling room if ithas walls with a doorway and a roof and should bewide and long enough for a person to sleep in, i.e. itshould have a length of not less than 2 meters anda breadth of at least 1.5 meters and a height of 2meters. A dwelling room would include living room,bedroom, dining room, drawing room, study room,

servant’s room and other habitable rooms. Kitchen,bathroom, latrine, store room, passageway andverandah which are not normally usable for living arenot considered as dwelling rooms. A room, used formultipurpose such as sleeping, sitting, dining, storing,cooking, etc., is regarded as a dwelling room. In asituation where a census house is used as a shop oroffice., etc., and the household also stays in it thenthe room is not considered as a dwelling room. Butif a garage or servant quarter is used by a servantand if she/ he also lives in it as a separate householdthen this has been considered as a dwelling roomavailable to the servant’s household. Tent or conicalshaped hut if used for living by any household is alsoconsidered as dwelling room. A dwelling room, whichis shared by more than one household, has not beencounted for any of them. If two households have adwelling room each but in addition also share acommon dwelling room, then the common room hasnot been counted for either of the households.

Census House :

A ‘census house’ is a building or part of abuilding used or recognized as a separate unit becauseof having a separate main entrance from the road orcommon courtyard or staircase, etc. It may beoccupied or vacant. It may be used for residential ornon- residential purpose or both. If a building has anumber of Flats or Blocks/Wings, which areindependent of one another having separate entrancesof their own from the road or a common staircase ora common courtyard leading to a main gate, theseare considered as a separate Census house.

Village:

The basic unit for rural areas is the revenuevillage, which has definite surveyed boundaries. Therevenue village may comprise of one or more hamletsbut the entire village is treated as one unit forpresentation of data. In un surveyed areas, likevillages within forest areas, each habitation area withlocally recognized boundaries is treated as one village.

Rural-Urban area:

The data in the census are presentedseparately for rural and urban areas. The unit ofclassification in this regard is ‘town’ for urbanareas and ‘village’ for rural areas. The urbanarea comprises two types of towns viz; Statutorytowns and Census towns. In the Census of India2011, the definition of urban area adopted is asfollows:


16

(a) Statutory Towns : All places with amunicipality, corporation, cantonment board or notifiedtown area committee, etc are known as statutorytowns.

(b) Census owns: All other places satisfyingthe following three criteria simultaneously are treatedas Census Towns.

i) A minimum population of 5,000;

ii) At least 75 per cent of male workingpopulation engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and

iii) A density of population of at least 400 persq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile)

For identification of places which wouldqualify to be classified as ‘urban’ all villages, which,as per the 2001 Census had a population of 4,000and above, a population density of 400 persons persq. km. and having at least 75 per cent of maleworking population engaged in non-agricultural activitywere considered. To work out the proportion of maleworking population referred to above against b) (ii),the data relating to main workers were taken intoaccount. In addition the above stated towns, urbanareas also constitutes of OGs which are the parts ofUAs.

Urban Agglomeration:

An Urban Agglomeration is a continuousurban spread constituting a town and its adjoiningurban outgrowths (OGs) or two or more physicallycontiguous towns together with or without urbanoutgrowths of such towns. In some cases, railwaycolonies, university campuses, port areas, militarycamps etc; may come up near a statutory townoutside its statutory limits but within the revenue limitsof a village or villages contiguous to the town. Eachsuch individual area by itself may not satisfy theminimum population limit to qualify it to be treated asan independent urban unit but may qualify to beclubbed with the exiting town as their continuousurban spread (i.e., an Out Growth). Each such towntogether with its outgrowth(s) is treated as anintegrated urban area and is designated as an ‘urbanagglomeration’. For the purpose of delineation ofUrban Agglomerations during Census of India 2011,following criteria has been adopted:

(a) The core town or at least one of theconstituent towns of an urban agglomeration shouldnecessarily be a statutory town; and

(b) The total population of an UrbanAgglomeration (i.e. all the constituents put together)should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census.In varying local conditions, there were similar othercombinations which have been treated as urbanagglomerations satisfying the basic condition ofcontiguity.

Out Growth (OG):

The outgrowth is a viable unit such as a villageor a hamlet or an enumeration block and clearlyidentifiable in terms of its boundaries and location.While determining the outgrowth of a town, it hasbeen ensured that it possesses the urban features interms of infrastructure and amenities such as puccaroads, electricity, taps, drainage system for disposalof waste water etc., educational institutions, postoffices, medical facilities, banks etc and physicallycontiguous with the core town of the UA.

City:

Towns with population of 100,000 and aboveare called cities.

Household:

A ‘household’ is usually a group of personswho normally live together and take their meals froma common kitchen unless the exigencies of workprevent any of them from doing so. Persons in ahousehold may be related or unrelated or a mix ofboth. However, if a group of unrelated persons livein a census house but do not take their meals fromthe common kitchen, then they are not constituent ofa common household. Each such person was to betreated as a separate household. The important linkin finding out whether it was a household or not wasa common kitchen/common cooking. There may beone member households, two member households ormulti-member households.

Institutional Household:

A group of unrelated persons who live in aninstitution and take their meals from a commonkitchen is called an Institutional Household. Examplesof Institutional Households are boarding houses,messes, hostels, hotels, rescue homes, observationhomes, beggars homes, jails, ashrams, old age homes,children homes, orphanages, etc. To make thedefinition more clearly perceptible to the enumeratorsat the Census 2011, it was specifically mentioned thatthis category or households would cover only those

ANALYTICAL NOTE

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households where a group of unrelated persons livein an institution and share a common kitchen.

Houseless household : Households who do not livein buildings or census houses but live in the open orroadside, pavements, in hume pipes, under flyoversand staircases, or in the open in places of worship,mandaps, railway platforms, etc., are treated asHouseless Households.

Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes:-

The list of SCs and STs applicable in the State/UT is given hereunder:-

Scheduled Castes :1 Bansphor2 Bhuinmali,Mail3 Brittial Bania,Bania4 Dhupi,Dhobi

5 Dugla,Dholi 6 Hira7 Jalkeot8 Jhalo, Malo,Jalo-Malo

9 Kaibartta10 Lalbagi

11 Mahara12 Mehtar,Bhangi13 Muchi, Rishi

14 Namasudra15 Patni

16 SutradharScheduled Tribes : I. In the autonomous district :

1 Chakma2 Dimasa,Kachari

3 Garo4 Hajong5 Hmar

6 Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar, War, Bhoi,Lyngngam

7 Any Kuki Tribes Including:(i) Biate,Biet

(ii) Changsan

(iii) Chongloi(iv) Doungel

(v) Gamalhou(vi) Gangte(vii) Guite

(viii) Hanneng(ix) Haokip, Haupit

(x) Haolai(xi) Hongma

(xii) Hongsungh(xiii) Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol(xiv) Jonglo

(xv) Khawchung(xvi) Khawathlang, Khotalong

(xvii) Khelma(xviii) Kholhou(xix) Kipgen

(xx) Kuki(xxi) Lengthang

(xxii) Lhanguin(xxiii) Lhoujen

(xxiv) Lhouvum(xxv) Lupheng(xxvi) Mangjel

(xxvii) Misao(xxviii) Riang

(xxix) Sairhom(xxx) Selnam(xxxi) Singson

(xxxii) Sitlhou(xxxiii) Sukte

(xxxiv) Thado(xxxv) Thomgagon

(xxxvi) Ulbah(xxxvii) Vaiphei

8 Lakhar

9 Man (Tai Speaking)10 Any Mizo(Lushai)Tribes


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11 Karbi12 Any Naga Tribes

13 Pawi14 Syntheng15 Lalung

II. In the State of Assam excluding the AutonomousDistrict

1 Barmans in Cacher2 Boro, Borokachari

3 Deori4 Hojai

5 Kachari, Sonowal6 Lalung7 Mech

8 Miching (Miri)9 Rabha

10 Dimasa11 Hajong

12 Singpho

13 Khampti14 Garo

Language and Mother tongue:

As per the census concept, each language is agroup of mother tongues. The census questionnairecollects information on the mother tongue of eachperson. Mother tongue is the language spoken inchildhood by the person’s mother to the person. Ifthe mother died in infancy, the language mainly spokenin the person’s home in childhood will be the mothertongue. In the case of infants and deaf mutes, thelanguage usually spoken by the mother is consideredas mother tongue. It is not necessary that thelanguage spoken as mother tongue should have ascript. The mother tongues returned by therespondents in census are classified and grouped underappropriate languages according to their linguisticcharacteristics.

Literate:

A person aged 7 years and above who can bothread and write with understanding in any language istaken as literate. A person who can only read butcannot write is not literate. It is not necessary that

to be considered as literate, a person should havereceived any formal education or passed any minimumeducational standard. Literacy could have beenachieved through adult literacy classes or through anynon-formal educational system. People who are blindand can read in Braille are treated as literates.

Literacy rate:

Literacy rate of the population is defined as thepercentage of literates in the age-group seven yearsand above. For different age-groups the percentageof literates in that age-group gives the literacy rate.

Educational level:

The highest level of education a person hascompleted.

Work:

Work is defined as participation in anyeconomically productive activity with or withoutcompensation, wages or profit. Such participation maybe physical and/or mental in nature. Work involvesnot only actual work but also includes effectivesupervision and direction of work. It even includespart time help or unpaid work on farm, familyenterprise or in any other economic activity. Allpersons engaged in ‘work’ as defined above areworkers. The main point to note is that the activityshould be economically productive. Reference periodfor determining a person as worker and non-workeris one year preceding the date of enumeration.

Main worker:

A person who has worked for major part of thereference period (i.e. six months or more during thelast one year preceding the date of enumeration) inany economically productive activity is termed as‘Main worker’.

Marginal worker:

A person who worked for 3 months or less butless than six months of the reference period (i.e. inthe last one year preceding the date of enumeration)in any economic activity is termed as ‘Marginalworker’.

Non-worker:

A person who has not worked at all in anyeconomically productive activity during the referenceperiod (i.e. last one year preceding the date ofenumeration) is termed as ‘Non worker’.

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Cultivator:For purposes of the Census, a person is

classified as cultivator if he or she is engaged incultivation of land owned or from government or fromprivate persons or institutions for payment in money,kind or share. Cultivation also includes effectivesupervision or direction in cultivation. Cultivationinvolves ploughing, sowing, harvesting and productionof cereals and millet crops such as wheat, paddy,jowar, bajra, ragi, etc., and other crops such assugarcane, tobacco, ground-nuts, tapioca, etc., andpulses, raw jute and kindred fiber crop, cotton,cinchona and other medicinal plants, fruit growing,vegetable growing or keeping orchards or groves, etc.Cultivation does not include the plantation crops like–tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and betel nuts (areca).The workers engaged in Plantation crops are recordedunder “other workers”.Agricultural labourer:

A person who works on another person’s landfor wages in cash or kind or share is regarded as anagricultural labourer. She/he has no risk in thecultivation, but merely works on another person’s landfor wages. An agricultural labourer has no right oflease or contract on land on which she/he works.

Household industry worker:Household industry is defined as an industry

conducted by one or more members of the householdat home or within the village in rural areas and onlywithin the precincts of the house where the householdlives in urban areas. The larger proportion of workersin household industry should consist of members ofthe household. The industry should not be run on thescale of a registered factory which would qualify orhas to be registered under the Indian Factories Actand should be engaged in manufacturing, processing,servicing and repairs of goods. The activity relate toproduction, processing, servicing, repairing or makingand selling of goods. It does not include professionssuch as a pleader, Doctor, Musician, Dancer,Waterman, Astrologer, Dhobi, Barber, etc. or merelytrade or business, even if such professions, trade orservices are run at home by members of thehousehold.

Other worker:

A person, who has been engaged in someeconomic activity during the last year of referenceperiod but not as a cultivator or agricultural laboureror worker in Household Industry. The type of

workers that come under this category include allgovernment servants, municipal employees, teachers,factory workers, plantation workers, those engagedin trade, commerce, business, transport, banking,mining, construction, political or social work, priests,entertainment artists, etc. In fact, all those workersother than cultivators or agricultural labourers orhousehold industry workers are ‘Other Workers’.

Work participation rate:

Percentage of Workers (Main + Marginal)to total population.

Population density:

Population density is the number of personsinhabited per square kilometer of the area.

Age:

Age is measured in terms of the completednumber of years.

Sex Ratio:

Number of females per 1,000 males in apopulation.

(iii) Non-Census ConceptsCivic status of urban units:

Civic Status of a town/city is determined onthe basis of Civic Administrative Authority of the towne.g., Municipal Corporation / Corporation, MunicipalCommittee / Municipal council, Municipality etc.

Size class of U.A./town:

Size-class of U.A./Town is based on thepopulation size of the U.A./City/Town.

U.A.s/Towns with 100,000 and abovepopulation are classified as Class I U.A.s/ Towns.Towns with 50,000 to 99,999 population are classifiedas Class II towns, 20,000 to 49,999 population areClass III towns, population with 10,000- 19,999 areClass IV towns, population with 5,000 and 9,999 areClass V towns and towns with less than 5,000population are Class VI towns.

Slum area :

The Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance)Act, 1956, which was enacted by the CentralGovernment defined slums as (a) Areas where buildingsare in any respect unfit for human habitation; or (b)are by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty


20

arrangement and design of such buildings, narrownessor faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation,light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of thesefactors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals.

Mega city :

The concept of ‘Mega city’ is a recentphenomenon in the Urban Sociology and is defined interm of metropolitan city in the form of large size,problem of management of civic amenities and capacityto absorb the relatively high growth of population. IndianCensus in 1991 treated the population size of 5 millionand above as the cutoff point to identify a place as themega city. Whereas, for the purpose of inclusion inCentrally Sponsored Scheme for InfrastructureDevelopment in Mega cities the Ministry of UrbanAffairs and employment, Department of UrbanDevelopment adopted the criteria of 4 million and abovepopulation as per 1991 Census for Mega Cities. In 2001Census, cities with 10 millions and above population havebeen treated as Mega cities and the same criteria ofpopulation has been adopted in 2011 census.

Concepts used in VD and TD of DCHB:1. Educational Amenities:-The type of differenteducational facilities available in the village is given innumbers. Both Government and private educationalfacilities / institutions are considered for this-purpose. Ifthere are composite schools like Middle schools withPrimary classes, or Secondary schools with middleclasses, these are included in the number of Primary andMiddle schools respectively. For example, if in a villagethere are two Primary schools and one Middle schoolwith primary classes, the number of Primary schools inthe village are given as three and that of Middle schoolas one even though there may be only three educationalinstitutions. So also in case of Secondary schools. Forbetter understanding, the distinctiveness of different typesof schools is depicted hereunder:

1.1 Pre-primary (PP): Now-a-days, the childrenare sent to schools at a very early stage. Lot of pre-primary schools, private schools in particular, havecome up in villages and towns. These may or maynot be recognized by the competent authorities. Evenmany Secondary schools have classes starting frompreprimary level. Pre-primary classes include Nursery,K.G., Pre-basic, Play school, etc.

1.2 Primary School (P): Schools providing educationfrom Standard 1 and upward up to and inclusive ofStandard V are classified as Primary Schools.

1.3 Middle School (M): Schools providing educationfrom Standard VI and upward up to and inclusive ofStandard VIII are classified as Middle Schools. ASchool with Class 1 to VIII is treated as two units,i.e. one Primary School and one Middle School.

1.4 Secondary School (S): Schools providingeducation from Standard IX and upwards up to andinclusive of Standard X are classified as SecondarySchools. A composite school with 1 to X standard istreated as three separate units and counted separatelyunder the categories of Primary School, Middle Schooland Secondary School.

1.5 Senior Secondary School (SS): Schools andcolleges that provide education for Standards XI andXII and first and second year of the Pre-UniversityCourse fall under this category. There are SeniorSecondary Schools with Standard I and upwards upto Standard XII.

1.6. Degree College: (i) Arts/Science/Commerce: These are all educational institutions that providepost-PUC level education leading to Universitydegree/diploma in any subject or combination ofsubjects and also post-graduate levels of education.The college offering courses in Arts, Science orCommerce either separately or in combination arecovered under this category.

(ii) Engineering College (E): It is a graduate/post-graduate degree college providing Bachelor ofEngineering (BE) or Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech.)or post-graduate engineering degrees like M.Tech.

(iii) Medical Colleges: These are graduate/post-graduate degree colleges providing MBBS orequivalent degree in alternative medicine likeAyurveda, Unani, Homeopathy etc. or post-graduatemedical degrees like M.D or equivalent in the abovebranches of medicine.

1.7. Management College/ Institute (MI): Itoffers courses like Diploma in Management, Post-Graduate Diploma in Management, Masters ofBusiness Administration (MBA) and specializationsin different disciplines of Management like Marketing,Human Resources Development (HRD) etc.

1.8. Polytechnic (Pt): An Institution providingcertificate/diploma (not equivalent to degree) in anytechnical subject like engineering, vocational courseslike embroidery, fashion designing etc. It may be bothGovernment and Private.

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1.9. Vocational School/ITI: It is a vocational traininginstitute imparting trainings in specific fields acquiringnecessary skill, which will make the traineesemployable or create them opportunities of self-employment. Trainings offered by Industrial TrainingInstitutes (ITI) fall under this category.

1.10. Non-formal Education/Training Centre(NFTC): Non-vocational education centers,established by the Central and State Governmentsprovide educational facilities to the interested personsirrespective of educational qualification, and age.These education centers are open to all.

1.11. Special School for Disabled: There areGovernment and Government recognized institutions/organizations engaged for providing education todifferent groups of disabled persons.

2. M

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