Presented by Chalisa Kallayanamitra, Manoj Potapohn, Karin Hamilton, Jennifer Steele and Veerasak Punyapornwithaya at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012
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Assessing Highlander Zoonoses Risk Associated with Livestock Production Chalisa Kallayanamitra 1 Manoj Potapohn 1 Karin Hamilton 2 Jennifer Steele 3 Veerasak Punyapornwithaya 4 1 Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota 3 Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine 4 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University Population EcoHealth Vulnerabilities and Emerging Food-Borne and Zoonotic Parasitic Diseases in Asia EcoHealth Conference, Kunming China 2012
Transcript
Assessing Highlander Zoonoses Risk
Associated with Livestock Production
Chalisa Kallayanamitra1
Manoj Potapohn1
Karin Hamilton2
Jennifer Steele3
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya4
1 Faculty of Economics, Chiang Mai University2
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota3Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University
Population EcoHealth Vulnerabilities and Emerging Food-Borne and
Zoonotic Parasitic Diseases in Asia
EcoHealth Conference, Kunming China 2012
Trichinosis
More than 90% of Trichinosis cases
has occurred in highland areas.
Source: BOE Thailand (2003-2009)
Project Goals and Objectives
Project goal: To understand Trichinosis risk in the Borderland Highlanders as a basis for prevention and control measures.
Overall objective: Use a transdisciplinary approach with an EcoHealth-One Health approach to develop and answer research questions.
Research questions:• What are key factors driving Trichinosis in the study areas?• How do those factors shape pig management system?• How do those factors and pig management system influence the risks
posed by Trichinosis?
System components: Animal husbandry, Food chain, Environment, and Economy
Specific objectives:• Recruit a multidisciplinary team and informants• Develop an integrative framework • Identify research methods and tools• Implement a pilot study
Methods
1. Construct Trichinosis risk framework: - Literature review and expert opinion
Reason for choosing pig housing system
Ethnicity of pig raiser Religion of pig raiser
Frequency of teacher service
Frequency of headman service
Frequency of pulic health officer service
Frequency of animal health officer service
Frequency of local pulic health volunteer serviceFrequency of local animal health volunteer service
Frequency of police service
Frequency of Heifer service
Frequency of district officer service
Frequency of sub-district officer service
Awareness of housing system
Objectives of raising pig
Revenue received from pig raising:Total revenue
Type of feed
Feed handling Waste management
Reasons for not using dewormingResponsible person for pig health check upDo you usually clean left over feed after feeding?Accessibility of rat in feed storageType of pig
What will you do with your sick pig DewormingFrequency of pig health check up
Formal education level of pig raiser
Recognition about rat danger
How often you clean pig place?
Gender of pig raiser
Understanding relationship of pig housing and Trichinosis
Trichinosis recognition
Experience in raising pig
Time spent for pig raising:Total time spent on career
Carcasses left over handling after slaughtering a pig
Dead animal (cat,dog,rat,etc.) handling
Dead pig handling
Frequency of cleaning surrounding
Environment suitability for Trichinosis circulation
Knowledge of pig raiser
Animal health practices
Source of information
Source of meat
Source of pig
Possibility of being infected Trichinosis in human
Food Safety Level
Trichinosis risk in pig
Rearing practices
Benefit from headman
Benefit from teacher
Benefit from pulic health officer
Benefit from animal health officer
Benefit from local public health volunteer
Benefit from local animal health volunteer
Benefit from Heifer
Benefit from sub-district officer
Benefit from district officer
Benefit from private sector's and public sector services
Ethnicity of food preparing person
Religion
Knowledge of danger of having raw/undercooked meat
Formal education of food preparing person
Source of fund
Investment in pig raising
Frequency of having meat (Carnivore/omnivore) in a year
Family welfare
Knowledge of food preparing person
Reasons describing eating habit
Gender of food preparing person
Occasions for killing pig
Raw/undercooked preference Meat Preparation
Awareness of eating raw/undercooked meat
Frequency eating outside Place of eating outside
Risk of Eating Outside
Income level
Convenient products
Pig housing system
Benefit from police
Methods
1. Construct Trichinosis risk framework: - Literature review and expert opinion
Reason for choosing pig housing system
Ethnicity of pig raiser Religion of pig raiser
Frequency of teacher service
Frequency of headman service
Frequency of pulic health officer service
Frequency of animal health officer service
Frequency of local pulic health volunteer serviceFrequency of local animal health volunteer service
Frequency of police service
Frequency of Heifer service
Frequency of district officer service
Frequency of sub-district officer service
Awareness of housing system
Objectives of raising pig
Revenue received from pig raising:Total revenue
Type of feed
Feed handling Waste management
Reasons for not using dewormingResponsible person for pig health check upDo you usually clean left over feed after feeding?Accessibility of rat in feed storageType of pig
What will you do with your sick pig DewormingFrequency of pig health check up
Formal education level of pig raiser
Recognition about rat danger
How often you clean pig place?
Gender of pig raiser
Understanding relationship of pig housing and Trichinosis
Trichinosis recognition
Experience in raising pig
Time spent for pig raising:Total time spent on career
NewspaperRadioTVPublic service anno...Magazine/JournalNeighbor/othersInternetVillage headman
4.554.5540.913.64.5522.74.554.55
Preliminary Results
Original data
Edited data
Case example
Investment in pig raising
NoBuy new pigsBuy deworming drugIncrease hygieneBuy feed
41.815.323.39.799.79
Income level
< $400$400-2,000$2,001-4,000$4,001-6,000>$6,000
0 0
72.211.116.7
4220 ± 2400
Investment in pig raising
NoBuy new pigsBuy deworming drugIncrease hygieneBuy feed
36.921.524.36.2810.9
Income level
< $400$400-2,000$2,001-4,000$4,001-6,000>$6,000
6.7862.722.03.395.08
2050 ± 2000
Discussion and conclusions
An ecosystem-based transdisciplinary framework to understand highlander trichinosis risk can be developed and implemented that integrates animal husbandry, food-chain, environment and economics.
Main preliminary results include:
•A framework was developed that integrates all the possible factors accounting trichinosis risk in highlanders.•Highlander villagers’ pig husbandry practices are economically constrained in terms of farming opportunity costs and available assets.•Both the study villages are in transition between traditional and modern livelihoods.
Next research steps are to obtain more data to refine the model and extend to other study villages.
Acknowledgements
Dr. Bruce Wilcox, Dr. Fred Unger, Dr. Jeffrey Gilbert, Dr. Peter Kunstadter, Dr. Pisit Leeahtam, Associate Prof. Dr. Khwanchai Kreausukon, Dr. Parichart Saenna, Dr. Chalermpol Samranpong, Dr. Warangkhana Chaisowwong, Dr. Jan Hinrichs, Dr. Wichak
