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Assessing the Feasibility of a Community Garden in Diggers Rest Jessica Chow & Carley Grimes 2008
Assessing the Feasibility of a
Community Garden in Diggers Rest
Jessica Chow & Carley Grimes
2008
Table of contents
1. Executive Summary 4
2. Acknowledgements 6
3. Introduction 7-10
3.1 Goal and objectives
4. Findings 11-28
4.1 Identification and mapping of local regional fresh fruits and
vegetables
4.2 Community garden survey results from Diggers Rest residents
4.3 Potential site locations
4.4 Water and soil conditions
4.5 Sustainable gardening practices
4.6 Available grants and non-monetary contributions
4.7 Budget
5. Evaluation 29-37
5.1 Impact and process evaluation
5.2 Outcome evaluation
6. Future recommendations 38-40
7. References 41-45
8. Appendices 46-66
8.1 Map of Shire of Melton
8.2 Map of Diggers Rest
8.3 Community garden survey
8.4 Raw data from community garden survey
8.5 Photographs of potential school site location for garden
8.6 Rainfall data
8.7 School and community gardens visited
8.8 Fruit and vegetable planting guide
8.9 Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Foundation Selection Criteria
8.10 Soil costing
8.11 Pricing of basic garden tools and equipment available at Bunnings
.
1. Executive Summary
Background
Food insecurity is defined as occurring when access to nutritionally adequate
and safe foods is limited or uncertain and the ability to acquire such foods in
socially acceptable ways is reduced (Burns 2004). A recent needs
assessment survey investigating food security in the township of Diggers Rest
found there was limited access to fresh foods (Meier & McEachern, 2007). A
future strategy to improve the availability of fresh fruit and vegetables is the
development of a community garden. This project ultimately aims to improve
food security within Diggers Rest by assessing the feasibility of the
development of a community garden.
Process
Key stakeholders within the local community were contacted to identify
possible site locations and support level. A survey was conducted with
Diggers Rest residents to determine attitudes towards the development of a
community garden. Existing garden models were explored to identify
sustainable gardening practices and information was collated on available
resources within Diggers Rest needed to maintain a garden e.g. water, soil
and funding.
Main Findings
Diggers Rest Primary School (DRPS) was identified as the only available
location for a garden. A garden on the school grounds could be used by the
school children only and would not be open to the whole community. All
respondents surveyed supported the plan for the development and upkeep of
a school garden at DRPS. There was less support for a community garden
(18%) and residents preferred the option of a farmers market (78%) as a
strategy to increase fruit and vegetables. Access to water suitable for
agriculture is limited in Diggers Rest and at present no funding could be
secured for a garden project.
Recommendations
� Further investigation is needed into other site locations that could be used
for a community garden.
� A feasibility study conducted on the establishment of a fruit and vegetable
farmers market/stall.
� Once community involvement is secured applications for funding should
be made.
2. Acknowledgments
We would like to sincerely thank:
• Staff of Djerriwarrh Health Services (DjHS) for their hospitality, warm
support and assistance in compilation of this report in the past four
weeks. Special thanks to Alex Skinner, Mary Shaw, Kerryn McCelland
and Nicole Kopel, dietitians of DjHS, and Erin Bonavia, health
promotion officer at DjHS.
• Melton Shire and Diggers Rest Community Development Officers
Melinda Doolan and Paula Camilleri for their valuable knowledge and
guidance.
• Pamela Morgan, Food for All Project Officer for her knowledge and
willingness to assist in searching for information for the project.
• Margaret Marshall and members of East Keilor Sustainability Street
Project, Robyn from Wedge Park Primary School, Ben from King’s
Park Primary School and CERES Community Environment Park for
their friendly reception and comprehensive guide while we did on-site
observations at their gardens.
• Sean Lawless, principal of the DRPS for his reception and assistance
in the administration of the community garden survey.
3. Introduction
Despite an abundance of food in Australia, food insecurity is a common, but
often overlooked issue in many communities (VicHealth, 2007). In 2001, the
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defined food security as
“…a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical,
social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that
meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy
life”
The National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in 1995 estimated 5% of people 16 years
and older have been food insecure in the previous 12 months nationally
(McLennan & Podger, 1995). In 2005, it has been estimated 1 in 20
Victorians have experienced food insecurity at least once in the previous 12
months (VicHealth, 2007).
People who are food insecure often report lower intakes of fruit and
vegetables (Marks et al, 2001; VicHealth, 2007), and have an increased risk
of developing chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease
due to sub-optimal intakes of vital nutrients from plant-based foods and higher
intakes of saturated fats and sugar (Drewnoski & Specter, 2004).
Several groups and individuals in Australia have been identified to be
particularly vulnerable to food insecurity, including low income families,
unemployed, geographically isolated communities with inadequate local food
supply, non-English speaking individuals, and individuals with poor mobility or
transportation (VicHealth, 2005).
A recent needs assessment (Meier & McEachern, 2007) was conducted to
investigate food security in Diggers Rest, a remote township in Melton Shire
approximately 35km northwest of Melbourne (Ausway, 2008) with an
estimated population of 2 144 in 2006 (ABS, 2006). Four needs have been
addressed and defined.
Normative need
The Australian Guide To Healthy Eating recommends the consumption of 2
and 5 servings of fruits and vegetables respectively per day (Kellett, E. &
Smith, A., 1998). In Diggers Rest, only 53% and 12% of survey respondents
claimed to have met the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake
respectively, despite all respondents considered fruits and vegetables as
being an important part of their diet (Meier & McEachern, 2007).
Expressed need
88% of respondents found fresh fruit and vegetable difficult to access, with the
main barrier reported as being poor availability of fruit and vegetables within
the community (74%), followed by food affordability and poor transport options
(Meier & McEachern, 2007). Due to low service frequency of the train and
bus service available (V/Line, 2007; SBS, 2007) (Appendix 2), most
households (93.5%) own at least one vehicle (ABS, 2006). All respondents
found it necessary to travel outside Diggers Rest to complete grocery
shopping (88% commuting to Sunbury by car) (Meier & McEachern, 2007).
Comparative need
The Shire of Melton has not been reported to be an area at risk of food
insecurity, with a slightly lower rate of food insecurity (5.7%) compared to
Victoria overall (6.0%) (CIV, 2007). However the disparity in the development
of Melton Shire, where fresh food outlets are mostly concentrated within high
growth areas including Melton and Caroline Springs (Melton Shire Council,
2007), as well as lack of transport services in rural areas has placed remote
communities such as Diggers Rest at increased risk of becoming food
insecure.
Felt need
59% of respondents felt improvement of the availability of fruit and vegetable
within the Diggers Rest will increase their intake of these foods.
74% and 24% of respondents indicated support for a farmers market and
community garden respectively (Meier & McEachern, 2007).
A previous initiative within the shire was the Veg Out Van, a mobile fresh
produce outlet that attempted to address food insecurity within remote
communities. The program was proven unsuccessful due to poor
management and issues arising from key stakeholders (Meier & McEachern,
2007).
Community gardens can be defined as a collaborative greenspace in which
the participants share in both the maintenance as well as the rewards
(Worden et al, 2003). Different from public gardens, community gardens are
managed by local community members and can vary in type from collections
of individual plots to large-scale collaborative projects for the benefit of the
wider community (Stocker & Barnett, 1998). School gardens are of a similar
concept although involvement is primarily from schoolchildren and staff of the
school.
Both community and school gardens have been shown to be beneficial in
various aspects, including personal fulfillment and enjoyment (Armstrong,
2000; ACGA, 2008), improved diet variety (Alaimo et al, 2008; ACGA, 2008),
increased community cohesion (Stocker & Barnett, 1998; ACGA, 2008),
increased food knowledge (ACGA, 2008), as well as promoting a more
sustainable community environment (Holland, 2004). Some studies have
identified community gardeners consume a greater amount of fruits and
vegetables compared to the general population (Blair et al, 1991; Alaimo et al,
2008).
For a garden to have a positive influence on fruit and vegetable intake within a
community produce must be continuously available. Many factors must be
taken into account when building a sustainable community garden (FAO,
2005). The key element towards success is to have ongoing community
involvement (Twiss et al, 2003). Other factors including water and soil
qualities, sustainable gardening practices including use of compost,
renewable water sources and appropriate planting methods as well as funding
must also be considered to ensure a long-lasting garden (Twiss et al, 2003).
3.1 Goals and objectives
The aim of this report is to assess feasibility of the development of a
community garden within Diggers Rest, as part of a larger project to address
the ultimate goal of increasing food security by improving accessibility of fruits
and vegetables in the community.
The results of this project will provide further directions to the local community
and Djerriwarrh Health Services in planning strategies for food security
promotion in Melton Shire.
Project objectives:
� Map out existing local food producers and fresh food outlets in Melton
Shire and assess fresh food availability in Diggers Rest.
� Determine current interest levels in the development of a community
garden and gardening knowledge of the residents of Diggers Rest.
� Identify appropriate sites at Diggers Rest for community garden
development.
� To assess water availability and soil conditions in Diggers Rest in
sustaining a garden.
� To explore different gardening practices to promote community garden
sustainability.
� To develop a budget plan exploring funding options and cost of the start-
up and upkeep of a community garden at Diggers Rest.
4. Findings
4.1 Identification and mapping of local fresh fruits and vegetables
Local produce growers, wholesalers and fresh fruit and vegetable outlets
located within Melton Shire were identified from listings provided in online
business directories TrueLocal and YellowPages. The keywords used in the
listings search are recorded in Table 1. All municipalities within the Melton
Shire were included in the search (Table 2). Fresh fruit and vegetable
businesses within Sunbury and Bacchus Marsh were also searched and
included in the results as it has been previously identified that the majority
(88%) of Diggers Rest residents travel to Sunbury for their weekly grocery
shopping (Meier & McEachern, 2007). Bacchus Marsh contains a high
concentration of produce growers that may be relevant in future planning of
local fruit and vegetables market. On-site observations were conducted in
food outlets at Diggers Rest to determine fresh fruit and vegetable availability
within each store.
All identified fresh fruit and vegetable outlets, wholesalers and producers were
marked electronically using Adobe Photoshop™ (Version 9.0, 2005) onto
maps of the Shire of Melton (Department of Sustainability and Environment,
2006) and Diggers Rest (Ausway, 2008).
Table 1. Business categories included in online search
Yellow Pages True Local
Farmer
Supermarkets & grocery stores
Fruiterers & green grocers
Vegetable growers
Fruit & vegetable wholesale
Food &/or general store
Fruit
Vegetable
Greengrocer
Supermarket
Grocery store
Farmer
Food
Table 2. Locations included in business listings search
Municipalities of Melton Shire
Diggers Rest Toolern Vale Melton West Kurunjang
Melton Plumpton Rockbank Hillside
Taylors Hill Caroline Springs Burnside Burnside Heights
Ravenhall Truganina Mount Cottrell Eynesbury
Parwan Exford Melton South Brookfield
(Melton Shire Council, 2007)
A total of 36 fresh fruit and vegetable outlets, producers and wholesalers were
identified in the Shire of Melton, Sunbury and Bacchus Marsh (Appendix 8.1).
Melton and Sunbury contains the highest number of supermarkets and
general stores compared to all other municipalities in the Shire of Melton.
Three fruit and vegetable wholesalers were located in the Shire of Melton
(Toolern Vale, Exford and Melton). Bacchus Marsh was identified to contain
the largest number of fruit and vegetable growers.
Appendix 8.2 shows the three grocery outlets in Diggers Rest. During site
visits two of the three outlets, Simone & Pat’s Milk Bar and Deli and Jack
Liquors and Supermarket contain some access to vegetables such as
tomatoes, potatoes, onions and frozen peas. Fruits were not seen to be
available in all three grocery outlets. Sunbury is the closest township to
Diggers Rest that contains the most concentrated number of fresh fruit and
vegetable outlets. Within the Shire of Melton, Diggers Rest residents will be
required to commute to Caroline Springs or Melton in order to purchase fresh
fruits and vegetables.
4.2 Community garden survey findings
A questionnaire was developed to assess the feasibility of a community
garden in Diggers Rest (Appendix 8.3). The questionnaire was designed to
provide insight into the resident’s level of interest in the development of a
community or school garden and their capacity to maintain such a project.
The questionnaire was distributed via email to community groups, and
approximately 60 hardcopies were distributed to the parents/guardians of
students from DRPS. Ten questionnaires were completed and returned from
the school and one was returned from the community. The raw data from the
questionnaire can be found in Appendix 9.4.
The major findings from the survey are as below:
� 82% of respondents agreed that is important to purchase food locally.
� 18% of respondents meet the daily dietary guidelines for fruit and
vegetables.
� 45% of respondents grow their own fruit and/or vegetables at home.
� Overall most respondents claim to possess some degree of gardening
knowledge and skills (Graph 1).
� All of respondents supported the idea for the development of a school
garden to at Diggers Rest primary where children could grow their own
fruit and vegetables.
� The majority of respondents would be willing to help maintain a garden.
46% could commit time on a weekly basis and 36% could commit to a
monthly basis.
� 64% of respondents would participate in gardening workshops if available.
� When presented with various interventions to increase access to fresh fruit
and vegetables the majority of respondents opted for a farmers market
(Graph 2).
Graph 1. Resident’s level of gardening knowledge
Level of garden knowledge/skills amongst residents of
Diggers Rest
0
20
40
60
80
100
Poor Good Excellent
Gardening Knowledge
Percentage
Graph 2. Different interventions to increase access to fresh fruit and
vegetables
Preferred options to increase access to fresh fruit and
vegetables
0
20
40
60
80
100
Community Market Farmers Market Sw ap Market
Intervention
Percentage
4.3 Potential location sites
To identify land that could be utilised for the development of a community
garden a number of community stakeholders were contacted. These
included:
� The Strategic and Statutory Planning Department within Melton Shire
Council.
� The principal of DRPS.
� The president of the residents association of Diggers Rest.
� The treasurer of the Diggers Rest Bowling Club.
Melton Shire Council staff (2008, pers. Comm., 14 May) advised that there
was currently no free council land within Diggers Rest and the only open
spaces were existing parks and reserves (The Stan Park Reserve). These
spaces are designed for full access to the public and for further consideration
of developing a garden on such sites a formal project proposal would have to
be submitted to the CEO of Melton Shire Council. The principal of DRPS
(2008, pers. Comm., 7 May) indicated some support for the development of a
garden on the property for use by the schoolchildren only, on the premises
that such a project would be cost neutral to the school. The principal did not
express any interest in allowing other community members to access the
garden due to security and management concerns. Photographs of the school
site can be found in Appendix 8.5 The treasurer of the Diggers Rest Bowling
Club raised the proposal of a community garden within the bowling club
grounds to board members and the topic will be discussed at the next meeting
(27th May).
4.4 Water and soil conditions
Water availability at Diggers Rest
Water availability at Diggers Rest was determined by the assessment of:
� Annual rainfall data (Melbourne Water, 2008).
� Water restrictions and permitted mains water usage (Western Water,
2008).
� Recycled water availability (Western Water, 2008; EPA, 2003).
All water availability data was collected through online research of water
resources website as well as communication through email and phone with
the Renewable Resources Team at Western Water.
Rainfall in Diggers Rest
Annual rainfall level was calculated from monthly rainfall data from the years
of 2005, 2006 and 2007 (Melbourne Water, 2008) (Appendix 8.6). A steady
decrease in rainfall levels has been observed for the past 3 years as seen in
Table 3. Low rainfall (<450mm of rain per annum) was seen in years 2006
and 2007 in Diggers Rest. Rainfall level is generally lowest during autumn
(March – May) and highest in summer (November – February) (Appendix 8.6).
Table 3. Annual rainfall in Diggers Rest
(Melbourne Water, 2008)
Water restrictions
Due to ongoing drought, Stage 3a water restrictions are currently in place in
most parts of the Shire of Melton including Diggers Rest until 30 June 2008
Year Annual rainfall level (mm)
2005 544
2006 410.6
2007 323.8
(Western Water, 2008). The permitted uses of mains water (fresh water
supply) on a garden site in the DRPS are listed in Table 4.
Table 4. Permitted uses of mains water
Purpose Rules
Residential or
commercial garden
Garden areas at primary school may be watered in the
morning between 6:00am – 8:00am on Saturday and
Tuesday as below:
• A hand-held hose fitted with a trigger nozzle,
•A watering can or bucket filled either by a hand-held hose
fitted with a trigger nozzle or directly from a tap.
• A manual dripper system.
OR
• An automatic dripper system may be used between
midnight and 2:00am.
(Western Water, 2008)
Recycled water availability in Diggers Rest
Recycled water is available in Diggers Rest through the Sunbury-Melton
recycled water pipeline that provides Class B water to approved locations
(Western Water Renewable Resources Team, pers. comm., 2008, 19 May).
DRPS is currently supplied with the recycled water for sports oval irrigation.
Table 5 shows the permitted agricultural uses of different recycled water
classes.
Table 5. Classes of recycled water and acceptable agricultural uses
Recycled
water class
Raw human
food crops
exposed to
recycled water
Cooked/processed
human food crops, or
selected crops not
directly exposed to
recycled water
Non-food crops,
woodlots, turf, flowers
A √ √ √
B X √ √
C X √ √
D X X √
(EPA, 2003)
Current recycled water quality at Diggers Rest is unsuitable for sustaining
cultivation of any raw consumables such as salad vegetables and herbs,
however use is permitted for any foods that will be peeled and cooked, as well
as irrigation of fruit trees providing the recycled water does not come in direct
contact with the fruits (EPA, 2003).
No upgrade in recycled water quality will be available at Diggers Rest in the
foreseeable future. Usage of the recycled water besides oval irrigation at
DRPS must have granted approval from Western Water by the submission of
a customer site management plan detailing purpose and location of recycled
water use (Western Water Renewable Resources Team, pers. comm., 2008,
19 May).
Soil Conditions
Information on soil quality at Diggers Rest was obtained through
communication with the Strategic Planning Officer of the Shire of Melton, and
a copy of the “Melton Environmental Atlas” (MEA, 2007) was sent to
Djerriwarrh Health Services.
Soil types in Diggers Rest
Soil at Diggers Rest can be divided into Grey sodosol and Grey vertosol
(MEA, 2007). The characteristics of the two soils are summarised in Table 6.
Table 6. Summary of soil conditions
Grey Sodosol Grey Vertosol
Water
availability
Low to very low, controlled by
depth of surface soil
Moderate to low
Drainage Poorly drained, slowly
permeable
Initial rapid drainage when
dried, but imperfectly
drained when wet
Physical root
limitation
Dense, sodic clay subsoils
can inhibit root development
Dispersive subsoil may
restrict root movement
Nutrient
availability
Poor due to shallow, sandy
surface soil
Nutrients may decline with
cultivation
Toxicity Surface soil can develop
strong acidity
Subsoil may become
strongly saline
(ANRA, 2001)
In general, both soil types are unsuitable for sustainable cultivation in a
community garden in Diggers Rest. Grey sodosol has poor drainage and is
highly saline, which can lead to instability in clay structure and decreased
water and oxygen availability, hence cannot provide support for developing
plants.
Grey vertosol has high chemical fertility and water holding capacity; however
the limitation of such soil use in Diggers Rest is due to its distinguishing
‘shrink and swell’ property, meaning it requires constant significant rainfall or
irrigation in order for the water to be available for plants (ANRA, 2001).
Current water supply at Diggers Rest is not adequate for the sustainability of
grey vertosol use for cultivation.
Soil quality improvement
Due to the small magnitudes of community gardens, it is relatively simple to
improve the soil structure through the use of fertilisers and sustainable
gardening methods (NPSI, 2007). Lime and gypsum can be used to reduce
acidity of soil and promote nutrients availability (NPSI, 2007). Use of organic
matter can increase nutrient and moisture level availability for plants (NPSI,
2007). Poor drainage can be overcome by limiting selection of wet soil plants,
or build raised garden beds which can be filled with good, nutrient-dense soil
(Pelczar, 2002). A drainage system can also be installed (Hitchmough &
Fieldhouse, 2004), however it may be impractical and expensive for a small-
scaled community garden.
Diagram 1. Example of raised garden beds at King’s Patch school garden
(King’s Park Primary School)
4.5 Sustainable gardening practices
Information on sustainable gardening practices was obtained from personal
communications with co-ordinators of existing gardens and gardening
websites. Four garden site visits were conducted to gather information
regarding layout, maintenance, use of renewable resources, challenges and
overall running of a community or school garden. A list of the gardens visited
can be found in Appendix 8.7. The information presented below has been
tailored towards a school garden at Diggers Rest Primary as currently this is
the only possible location available.
Compost
To create a sustainable vegetable garden it is important to continually add
organic matter to create a fertile and nutrient dense soil (Sustainable
Gardening Australia, 2005). With consideration to cost, environment and the
soil conditions of Diggers Rest the most efficient method to feed the soil is to
create compost. Compost can be made in plastic compost bins or in
homemade free-standing heaps and will take approximately 8 weeks to be
ready to use. Both East Keilor and Kings Patch garden utilize a 3 compost
corral system: one to make it in, one to move it to, and one to store it. This
system is recommended as once in action it allows for a continual source of
compost and is easier to aerate and turn (FAO, 2005). Although the 3 bin
system is a more effective method for creating compost it is unlikely that at a
smaller school like Diggers Rest Primary there would be enough waste to
satisfy the compost. Therefore, it is recommended that Diggers Rest Primary
begin with a single compost bin and account for the fact that they may also
have to purchase additional compost throughout the year to sustain the
garden.
Renewable water sources
The three main types of reusable water sources have been identified as
rainwater, stormwater and greywater (CWG, n.d). Rainwater refers to water
collected in containers directly from rainfall, as well as run-off from roofs
(enHealth, 2004; CWG, n.d). It is considered the best alternative for mains
water in irrigation due to its lower environmental and health hazards
compared to stormwater and greywater (CWG, n.d).
For gardens, rainwater tanks are recommended as it serves as storage facility
for use of rainwater when required (East Keilor garden caretaker, 2008, pers.
comm., 5 May). Various tank designs and sizes are available, and for a
small-scale school garden such as one that could be developed in DRPS, a
15kilolitre tank is recommended (WaterCare, 2003) however choice will
depend on many factors such as ultimate size of the garden, rainfall levels as
well as available roof area for water catchment.
Organic gardening practices
To maximize available garden space the planting plan should group plants
according to water, sun and soil needs (Sustainable Gardening Australia,
2005). It is recommended that school gardens engage in two major plantings
per year, at the beginning of autumn and spring (Alexander & Dollard, 2006).
A summary of when and how to grow different fruits and vegetables is
included in Appendix 8.8. Based on this a suggested planting guide along with
the main points to consider in planning for a sustainable harvest is included in
Appendix 8.8. To maintain fertile soil vegetables need to be rotated
throughout the garden between seasons. Crop rotation restores the soil with
nutrients, in particular nitrogen, and aids in controlling pests and disease
(FAO, 2005). In addition companion planting should be used to act as natural
way to protect plants and reduce the use of pesticides. The practice of
planting particular plant species, often herbs, together with vegetable plants
can attract good insects and repel pests. All gardens visited had implemented
organic gardening practices. Most gardens choose organic methods as they
help to reduce costs, protect the environment and provide safety to gardeners
(Grayson & Campbell, 2008).
Skill building opportunities for gardeners
To develop and sustain a community garden project it is essential to have a
group of both committed and skilled volunteers. If volunteers lack gardening
knowledge skill-building opportunities should be provided (Twiss, 2005).
A range of garden courses and workshops have been identified that could be
utilized to provide training to volunteers or garden co-coordinators. A
summary of the costs and a description of available programs are presented
in table 7. The type of training would be dependent on available funding,
garden type (school or community) and structure of co-coordinators. In the
case where the garden is being initiated by a community health worker it is
recommended to employ a garden co-coordinator that is qualified in basic
horticultural knowledge and can provide training and guide the initial
development of the garden (Grayson & Campbell, 2008). The principle of
Diggers Rest (2008, pers. Comm.., 7 May) revealed that in the case of a
school garden he felt it would be necessary to have the support of a
professional for garden development and maintenance
Table 7. Organisations that provide gardening courses/workshops
Organisation Cost ($) Duration Description of course
Ceres
Weekend workshop: Grow your own school or community garden
88 1 weekend day – 6 hrs Provides an overview into how to develop a community/school garden covering the challenges, rewards, educational benefits and financial sustainability.
The University of Melbourne
Kitchen gardens in schools
950
63 hours – 11x3hr and 5x6hrs. Tuesday evening and Saturdays
Provides the knowledge and skills to design, develop and maintain a school kitchen garden.
Cultivating Communiutes
Edible Classroom Program: Garden educator
35/hr Contracted hours specified
Cultivating communities can provide support in the development and ongoing running of a school garden through a garden educator. Garden educators are responsible for maintaining the garden with the help of the children in designated garden classes. Contracted hours are dependent of the size of the school and garden however, a minimum of 12 hours per week is recommended.
Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne
Growing school community gardens
500 7 x 3hr sessions + 2 x 6.5hr sessions = 34 hrs total. Wednesdays
The course is designed to assist teachers, parents and other members of school communities in developing sustainable gardens.
4.6 Available grants and non-monetary contributions
A list of community grants and non-monetary contributions was collated
through internet research in government websites (GrantsLink, 2006;
Parliamentary Library, 2007; Community Portal, 2008; Grants@DPCD, 2007),
Google.com.au search for the keywords “community grants”, “community
funding”, and “school garden funding” as well as communication with dietitians
of the Djerriwarrh Health Services and Community Health Services of the
Shire council.
Grants were determined to be suitable if they are in support of not-for-profit
local community projects involving schools. Many potential funding sources
have been limited due to its eligibility criteria being “accessible to the local
and/or wider public”, which does not match the current focus of a school
garden, where public accessibility will be restricted. Estimate amounts of
contributions available for community garden projects from the eligible grants
cannot be ascertain as it depends highly on the scope and necessity of each
particular project, and can only be determined after a project proposal is
submitted to each relevant funding body. Eligible grants and contribution
organisations are listed below (Table 8).
Table 8. List of grant and contribution options available for school gardens
Grant/contribution Description Selection criteria Funding available
Fresh Food Kids (Fresh Food Kids, 2008)
Monetary grants offered to local community projects and groups that help primary school aged children lead healthier and more active lives. Formal application through completion of the Fresh Food Kids application form is required.
Not-for-profit organisations or groups. Target population for project must be primary school aged children.
Up to $5 000.
Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden (SAKG) Foundation (SAKG, 2008)
Working within the “Go For Your Life” health strategy, the foundation aims to establish 40 new kitchen garden school projects between 2007-2010 through monetary support. Schools must express written interest to the foundation to be considered.
Detailed criteria selection in Appendix 8.9. In general each applying school must have an understanding and show commitment in the SAKG program.
$62 500 over 2 years for start-up and staffing of program.
Bunnings community involvement, Sunbury (Bunnings, 2008)
Local Sunbury store can provide non-monetary contributions and donations to local community projects at Diggers Rest. Contribution for community garden projects generally includes professionals helping in setting up and building a community garden. Donations can include tools, and resources required for gardening. Formal letter with request is required to be sent to Activities Manager of Sunbury Bunnings of assessment.
Local community-based projects for not-for-profit groups. Depends on project need in community. Up to 5 projects are selected each month, and each project is eligible for one contribution per financial year.
Non-monetary contributions and donations dependant on need of project.
Community Water Grants (CWG) (CWG, 2008), SmartWater Fund (SmartWater, 2008)
Similar in nature, CWG and SmartWater Fund aims to provide monetary support in local community organisations through water conservation and reuse. Considerations can include funding for improved infrastructure and installing of rainwater tanks for DRPS to preserve rainwater for garden irrigation. Applications must be in the form of a formal project proposal for CWG, or a copy of the application form can be requested from SmartWater Fund.
For CWG, the project must be from non-government, and not for profit organisations that shows water conservation will improve water use. SmartWater Fund is available for any community groups that demonstrate support for sustainable water use.
CWG has an upper limit of $50 000 for each project. SmartWater Fund will determine on funding contribution depending on nature and need of project.
Food for All program (Melton Food for All Program Officer, pers. comm., 2008, May 12)
The Food for All program is designed to improve access to healthy eating for disadvantaged groups. Melton Shire is currently under the funding of Food for All program. The Food for All program is not an open grant to the general public. Funding is mainly focused on providing education sessions such as workshops for the community.
The Food for All steering committee must identify the project as been eligible for funding.
Amount of monetary funding available will be determined by steering committee depending on need of project.
BlueScope “Tank A Day Challenge” (TankADay, 2008)
Primary and secondary schools can register on the TankADay website (TankADay, 2008) to win one of 200 rainwater tanks available to promote water conservation and reuse.
All primary and secondary schools are eligible to enter.
One rainwater tank fully installed for each school.
Green Vouchers for School Programme (Green Vouchers for School Programme, 2008)
An Australian Government initiative to promote resources conservation. Schools with a successful application will be provided with vouchers to install systems such as rainwater tanks and drainage systems. DPRS could utilise the funding to install a rainwater tank for a school garden if the idea is to be developed. Schools must register online to be considered for application.
All school are eligible to apply. Up to $50 000 is available for eligible schools (providing if the school is not funded by other Australian Government initiatives in relation to resources conservation).
4.7 Budget for a school garden
Start-up costs
To estimate the initial start up cost of a garden a list of the basic equipment
and supplies needed was developed (Table 9). Local gardening suppliers,
identified from the yellow pages, were contacted to establish pricing and
availability of materials (Appendix 8.10). Estimated costing of soil and
sleepers per bed were made for plots of 1mx3mx0.2m. It is recommended that
children’s gardens be no wider than 1m to allow easy access to all space from
paths (FAO, 2005). To obtain a nutrient rich soil a 50:50 mixture of soil to
compost was recommend by Preferred Timber store staff (2008, pers.
Comm.., 13 May), in addition pea straw is the recommended mulch type for
growing vegetables (Sustainable Gardening Australia, 2005). The
approximate cost per plot is $80 (Appendix 8.10). To estimate the cost of all
other garden tools and equipment a store visit to Bunnings was made, the
findings from which are presented in Appendix 8.11. Based on
recommendations by the Food and Agricultural Organization (2005) for
basics, start up costs would be approximately $330 (Appendix 8.10). A
toolshed was not included in costing as the principal confirmed there is
already one with available space at the school.
On-going costs
The on-going costs of a school garden will be largely dependent on if a
garden educator/co-coordinator is contracted to help maintain the garden. To
limit costs past garden projects have relied heavily on the support of a large
group of volunteers and this appears to be an integral element to the success
and sustainability of school gardens (Alexander & Dollard 2006). The
estimated costs for other ongoing resources are approximately $100
(Appendix 8.10). The school garden at Wedge Park school manages to
operate within an annual $100 budget with the addition of donations from
parents (e.g. Seedlings) and local garden stores (Garden co-ordinator, 2008).
Table 9. A list of resources needed to develop and maintain a school garden
Initial equipment and supplies Ongoing equipment and supplies
• Garden tools – buckets, pitchforks,
shovels, rakes, weed forks, snips,
gloves (including child-sized tools)
• Wheelbarrow
• Irrigation system – hoses,
watering cans, rain tank
• Sleepers
• Tool shed
• Seeds and seedlings
• Compost bin (council??)
• Soil
• Fertiliser
• Mulch
• Garden educator/maintainer
• Mulch
• Fertiliser
• Seeds and seedlings
• Wear and tear of equipment
5. Evaluation of findings
5.1 Impact and process evaluation
Table 10.1. Impact evaluation of objective one. Objective ONE Performance indicator Impact evaluation
To identify existing local food producers and fresh food outlets in the Shire of Melton and measure fresh food accessibility in Diggers Rest.
All fresh fruit and vegetables outlets, producers and wholesalers within the Shire of Melton are mapped. To identify fresh fruit and vegetables availability in Diggers Rest.
A total of 38 food locations were identified and mapped. Melton and Sunbury contains the largest proportion of fresh fruit and vegetable outlets. Bacchus Marsh contains the largest concentration of fresh fruit and vegetable producers and wholesalers. Diggers Rest was found to have two general stores with limited fresh fruits and vegetable. The findings indicate that Diggers Rest does not have adequate access to local fresh fruits and vegetables as compared to the rest of the Shire and surrounding communities.
Table 10.2. Process evaluation of objective one. Strategy Process evaluation plan Process evaluation
To create a list of existing fresh fruit and vegetable wholesalers, producers and outlets in the Shire of Melton and Diggers Rest and mark all locations on maps of the Shire of Melton and Diggers Rest in order to measure fresh food accessibility.
A list of existing fresh fruit and vegetable wholesalers, producers and outlets in the Shire of Melton and Diggers Rest will be created by searching relevant food-related categories in online business directories YellowPages and TrueLocal. All identified fresh fruit and vegetable sites will be marked on maps of the Shire of Melton and Diggers Rest.
A list of all existing fresh fruit and vegetables outlets, producers and wholesalers was created. Listings search was expanded to include Sunbury and Bacchus Marsh due to high numbers of food producers and outlets within these communities. The mapping of fresh fruit and vegetables wholesalers, producers and outlets was completed for Diggers Rest, the Shire of Melton and surrounding communities. Online business directories were used due to ease of access and comprehensiveness in listings; however listings may potentially be outdated or inaccurate. Phone calls may have been made to all located businesses to increase accuracy of listings, but was found to be impractical due to time constraints.
Specified timeframe: Week 1 (April 28 – May 2)
Table 11.1. Impact evaluation of objective two. Objective TWO Performance indicator Impact evaluation
To determine if interest level and gardening knowledge of the residents of Diggers Rest is sufficient to maintain a community garden
Residents indicating strong interest in having and maintaining a community garden. Residents showing adequate gardening knowledge or interest in gaining gardening skills.
Responses were mainly from parents at the primary school. It has
been acknowledged that some of the parents who responded may
be a member of local community groups, whom may have returned
the survey through school.
All respondents indicated interest in having a school garden for schoolchildren, however there was low support in having a local community garden. The idea of a farmers market was strongly supported. Some interest was demonstrated from most survey respondents in assisting with upkeep of a garden. Self-rated gardening knowledge was generally good for most respondents, with all respondents indicating poor knowledge expressing interest in gaining more knowledge if workshops are available. Due to the low respondent rate it is difficult to provide any significant evidence of interest level and gardening knowledge to be applicable to the entire community. Reasons for low respondent rate may include incomplete distribution of surveys, short timeframe provided for parents to complete survey, or general disinterest in the project. A larger sample population, which could be achieved by methods such as a letterbox drop to all households of Diggers Rest, is recommended to obtain a more accurate representation of the community’s interest level. Due to restricted communication with local community groups, interest levels in community garden development cannot be determined. In communication with the member of the garden club (Bob) it was found that he has had previous experience in the
development and upkeep of a community garden, which may present him as a valuable resource for any potential community garden projects at Diggers Rest.
Table 11.2. Process evaluation of objective two. Strategy Process evaluation plan Process evaluation
To conduct a community garden survey to assess gardening knowledge as well as the proportion of residents interested in developing and participating in a community garden.
A community garden survey will be distributed to parents of the schoolchildren and staff at DRPS as well as various local community groups in Diggers Rest to obtain qualitative data for assessment.
A total of 125 surveys were presented to the primary school, and an email of the survey was sent to the Diggers Rest Community Development Officer to be distributed to local community groups. Approximately 50 surveys were handed out to the schoolchildren’s parents by the schoolteachers, none was provided for the staff at the primary school.
To contact local community groups to determine potential interest in being involved in the development and support of a community garden.
To join monthly meetings of the Diggers Rest garden club, resident’s association, lions club and mothers network to discuss and evaluate level of interest of each group in participation in a community garden project
Phone contact was attempted for the head of the garden club but could only get in contact with a member of the garden club (Bob). He indicated the project might be discussed in the next monthly garden meeting. Other community groups (resident’s association, lions club and mothers club) were not contacted as it may not be appropriate to arouse too much interest within the community given the nature of this project is to assess feasibility.
Specified timeframe: Week 3 (May 12 – May 16)
Table 12.1. Impact evaluation of objective three. Objective THREE Performance indicator Impact evaluation
To identify three possible site locations for the development of a community garden at Diggers Rest
Three site locations identified as being appropriate for the development of a community garden
Currently, the only site identified as being suitable for a garden is at the DRPS. The principal expressed more interest in the development of a school garden as opposed to a community garden. This decision may influence factors such as level of community involvement and funding opportunities, indicating the potential need to adjust ideas and further objectives in planning of a garden.
Table 12.2. Process evaluation of objective three Strategy Process evaluation plan Process evaluation
To contact all relevant stakeholders in order to identify suitable land for community garden development.
To meet with representatives the Shire of Melton council, DRPS and Diggers Rest Bowling Club to discuss potential land availability.
Statutory and strategic planning departments of the Shire of Melton council were contacted via phone and email. A face-to-face meeting and follow-up email contact was made with the DRPS principal. The treasurer of the Diggers Rest Bowling Club was contacted via phone. Actual on-site observations were not available for the bowling club due to unable to arrange a meeting with the treasurer. No council land was available for any on-site inspections.
Specified timeframe: Week 1 – 4 (April 28 – May 23)
Table 13.1. Impact evaluation of objective four. Objective FOUR Performance indicator Impact evaluation
To assess water availability and soil conditions in Diggers Rest to support a community garden.
Adequate water supply and soil suitable for cultivation and sustainability of a community garden
Rainfall in Diggers Rest is low and seasonal. Due to water restrictions, supply of mains water is only available twice per week, and the quality of the recycled water currently available is not suitable for vegetable irrigation. Overall soil quality in Diggers Rest is not suitable for sustainable cultivation but could however be overcome by adding fertilisers or the use of raised garden beds. The results have indicated that water is the primary concern at Diggers Rest in regards to maintaining a sustainable community garden. Strategies including planting fruit trees or plants requiring minimal watering, usage of rainwater and possible stormwater use can be further investigated to promote garden sustainability
Table 13.2. Process evaluation of objective four. Strategy Process evaluation plan Process evaluation
To contact all relevant stakeholders to determine rainfall data, current water restrictions, recycled water options to assess water availability in Diggers Rest to support a community garden.
To investigate rainfall data in Diggers Rest through online weather resources including Melbourne Water and WeatherZone and Water Resources Data. To determine current water restrictions in place at Diggers Rest and mains water availability through communication with Western Water. To explore recycled water options in Diggers Rest through data collection from the EPA website and consultation
Average monthly rainfall was calculated using monthly rainfall data for Diggers Rest obtained from Melbourne Water website. Contact was made with the Environmental Department of the Shire of Melton, Western Water and EPA in which information on current water restriction and availability of mains water and recycled water in Diggers Rest was obtained. Research on permitted uses of different qualities of recycled water was obtained from the EPA website. Several weather and rainfall data websites was not utilised due to the requirement of a paid subscription (WeatherZone), or the measure of monthly rainfall was not complete for the past two years (Water Resources Data).
with Western Water.
To contact all relevant stakeholders to obtain information on the soil condition in Diggers Rest to determine suitability for use in a community garden.
To contact the Shire of Melton council and the head of Diggers Rest garden club to obtain qualitative information on the soil in Diggers Rest.
The Strategic Planning Department of the Shire of Melton was contacted and a Melton Environmental Atlas on overall soil quality was sent to the Djerriwarrh Health Services; general information on soil type and quality in Diggers Rest was analysed. The president of the garden club was not able to provide information soil suitability for community garden development in Diggers Rest. In communication with the Strategic Planning Officer, the information gathered from the atlas provides only a very crude indication on soil quality overall in Diggers Rest and composition of soil varies depending on specific sites. More accurate evaluation of soil quality can be made through on-site analysis of soil, however such method is impractical and beyond the scope of the project.
Specified timeframe: Week 3 – 4 (May 12 – May 23)
Table 14.1. Impact evaluation of objective five. Objective FIVE Performance indicator Impact evaluation
To explore sustainable gardening practices to promote sustainability of a community garden at Diggers Rest
To identify three types of gardening practices to increase sustainability of a community garden
The three gardening practices identified to be suitable for use at Diggers Rest includes compost, renewable water usage and crop rotation methods. Incorporating these practices into the planning of a garden will aid in reducing costs, both initial and on-going, help protect the garden from environmental changes (e.g. further water restrictions) and promote safe gardening practices to gardeners which are of particular importance for children.
Table 14.2. Process evaluation of objective five. Strategy Process evaluation plan Process evaluation
To observe established community and school gardens in Melbourne to explore methods of developing and upkeep of a sustainable community garden.
To identify 5 suitable community and school gardens in Melbourne and arrange on-site visits with the garden carer to discuss current methods used to promote sustainability of the model gardens.
Four community and school gardens were visited and sustainable gardening practices including compost, renewable water usage, planting guides and methods of gardening were discussed with the carer. One school was not visited as the school garden was not set up for this school term.
To conduct research into sustainable gardening practices.
To gather information from various online resources to investigate suitability of each gardening method in Diggers Rest.
Information on compost, renewable water including rain- and stormwater usage, as well as organic gardening principles was collected through government, community garden and general gardening websites. This information has been collated to help establish cost, garden size and suitability to Diggers Rest. The findings could be used to help build resources if program implemented at a later stage
Specified timeframe: Week 2 – 3 (May 5 – May 16)
Table 15.1. Impact evaluation of objective six. Objective SIX Performance indicator Impact evaluation
To investigate grants and non-monetary contributions available for community projects and assess if amount is sufficient for the initial and ongoing costs in the upkeep of a community garden.
A budget plan demonstrating the amount of funding available is adequate to cover initial and ongoing cost in the upkeep of a community garden.
Evaluation of the budget plan could not be completed, as the level of support available cannot be determined until project application is submitted to relevant funding bodies.
Table 15.2. Process evaluation of objective six. Strategy Process evaluation plan Process evaluation
To contact all relevant national, state and local grants organisations as well as local garden suppliers to investigate funding available for community garden projects.
A list of funding bodies and community and local garden suppliers will be created through searching within government and community garden websites, as well as communication with staff of Djerriwarrh Health Service. Eligibility criteria and amount of contribution available will be determined through information located within websites of the funding organisations.
8 potential funding bodies were identified based on information found on the website of each funding committee and communication with dietitians of Djerriwarrh Health Services. Further communication via email and phone was made to 5 of the organisations, eligibility criteria were determined but amount of funding available could not be ascertained. A meeting was held with the Community Development Officer of the Shire of Melton to discuss potential funding options provided by the local council. Contact was attempted with the council’s Community Funding Officer through phone calls and emails, however no response was received.
To create a list of required garden equipment and resources and contact local garden suppliers to calculate cost of the start-up of a community garden.
A list of required gardening equipment and resources will be created through online research within community garden and government websites. A list of local garden suppliers to
Established garden models and recommendation guides from FAO found through online research were utilised to compile a list of required garden resources. Local supplies were identified using YellowPages online business directory. Prices of gardening tools and seeds were collected through 2 in-store visits and phone contact with 3 local suppliers.
contact will be complied using online business directories including YellowPages Online. Costing will be made via in-store visits and phone contacts with identified businesses.
Specified timeframe: Towards the completion of project (May 23)
5.2 Outcome evaluation
The aim for this project to assess feasibility of the development of a
community garden has been achieved. The results obtained from this report
have provided additional knowledge in achieving the ultimate goal in
enhancing food security in Diggers Rest by improving access to fresh fruit and
vegetables.
The major issue that may hinder further development of a community or
school garden at Diggers Rest is the level of community involvement that is
available in the development, and more importantly the upkeep of a garden.
The survey results from the study by Meier & McEachern (2007) as well as
the survey results from this report have found some indication of interest,
however the number of respondents for the surveys have been too low to
claim any statistical significance, hence it cannot be generalised to the whole
community.
For the moment, the school appears to be the only appropriate location to
develop a fruit and vegetables garden due to the limitations identified in
seeking council land. It may be worthwhile however to further investigate for
information in regards to council land use for a community garden due to
issues identified in using the school property, such as limited funding support
and public accessibility of the garden. Water supply also presents some
issues but maybe overcome using various gardening strategies and water
conservation methods.
6. Future recommendations
1. Reassess interest levels in community.
Due to various limitations in this project, a more accurate representation of
the community’s interest from a larger sample group is required. Methods
including mailbox drop of the survey to all households in Diggers Rest
could be considered.
The assessment can be further extended by placing additional questions
to identify individuals who are genuinely interested in assisting with the
community garden development. It is highly recommended to conduct a
focus group with all the staff at DRPS, a group who will play an imperative
role in the school garden development, to assess interest levels and level
of physical support available.
2. Provide a formal school garden project proposal to DRPS and eligible
funding bodies.
After confirming interest levels of staff at DRPS, a formal school garden
proposal, addressing the issues identified in this report should be provided
to DRPS for approval by the principal. Project proposals could then be
submitted to eligible funding bodies to be further assessed and to
determine the exact amount of contributions available for a school garden
project.
3. To explore feasibility of community garden development on council land.
As council land availability was not explored in this study, formal
community garden project proposal should be provided to Melton Shire
council to assess the potential opportunity for a community garden to be
developed on council land.
4. Conduct a feasibility assessment on a farmers market at Diggers Rest.
Large support for the development of a farmers market at Diggers Rest
has been found from a previous study (Meier & McEachern, 2007) which
was confirmed by the findings from this report. A feasibility assessment on
a farmers market should be conducted to include investigation into issues
experienced by the previous Veg Out Van initiative.
7. References
ABS. (2006) 2006 Census Community Profile Series: Diggers Rest (Urban
Centre/Locality). Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Alaimo, K.; Packnett, E., Miles, R.A. & Kruger, D.J. (2008) Fruit and
Vegetable Intake among Urban Community Gardeners. Journal of Nutrition
and Education Behaviour. 40:94-101.
Alexander S. & Dollard, A. (2006) Stephanie Alexander kitchen garden
cooking with kids. Penguin Group. Camberwell, Australia.
ANRA. (2001) Australian agricultural assessment, 2001. Australian Natural
Resources Atlas. Accessed online 18/5/08
<http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/agriculture/index.html>
Ausway. (2008) Diggers Rest map. Accessed online 07/05/08
<http://www.ausway.com.au/Default.aspx?tabid=109>
Bunnings. (2008) Local Community Involvement. Accessed online 10/5/08
<http://www.bunnings.com.au/aboutus/154/Local_Community_Involvement.as
px>
CIV. (2007) Melton Wellbeing Report. Community Indicators Victoria.
Accessed online on 19/5/08
<http://www.communityindicators.net.au/wellbeing_reports/melton>
CWG. (n.d) Information Sheet 6: Rainwater collection and use. Australian
Government Water Fund. Accessed online 15/5/08
<http://www.communitywatergrants.gov.au/publications/factsheets/pubs/rainw
ater-use.pdf>
CWG. (2006) Community Water Grants. Australian Government Water Fund.
Accessed online 14/5/08
<http://www.communitywatergrants.gov.au/>
Department of Human Services. (2007) Edible gardens factsheet – Making
compost. Accessed online 14/05/08
<http://www.goforyourlife.vic.gov.au/hav/articles.nsf/pages/Edible_gardens_m
aking_compost?OpenDocument>
Department of Sustainability and Environment. (2006) Shire of Melton suburb
and rural district names and boundries. Accessed online 07/05/08
<http://www.land.vic.gov.au/Land/lcnlc2.nsf/646e9b4bba1afb2bca256c420053
b5ce/41b09326ebe3aa12ca25720800839a0e/$FILE/Melton_V44a.pdf>
Drewnoski, A. & Specter, S.E. (2004) Poverty and Obesity: the role of energy
density and energy costs. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 79:6-16
EPA. (2003). Guideline for Environmental Management: Uses of reclaimed
water. Publication 464.2. Environmental Protection Authority. Victoria,
Australia.
enHealth. (2004) Guidance of Use of Rainwater Tanks. Australian
Government Department of Health and Ageing.
Food and Agricultural Organization. (2005) Setting up and running a school
garden. Accessed online 14/05/08
<http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0218e/a0218e00.htm>
Gardenate. (2008) Planting now vegetables and herbs. Accessed online
15/05/08
<http://www.gardenate.com/>
Grants@DPCD. (2007) Grants Finder. Department of Planning and
Community Development. Accessed online 14/5/08
<http://www.grants.dvc.vic.gov.au/web18/dvcgrants.nsf/HeadingPagesDisplay
/Grants+Finder?OpenDocument>
GrantsLink. (2006) GrantsLINK. Department of Infrastructure, Transport,
Regional Development and Local Government. Accessed online 14/5/08
<http://www.grantslink.gov.au/>
Grayson, R. & Campbell, F. (2008). Planning and starting your community
garden. Australian City Farms and Community Gardens Network.
Available online 15/05/08
<http://www.communitygarden.org.au/start/print.html Website accessed
14/05/2008.>
Green Vouchers for School Programme. (2008). Department of the
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Accessed online 19/5/08
<http://www.environment.gov.au/programs/greenvouchers/>
Hitchmough, J. & Fieldhouse, K. (2004) Plant User Handbook: a guide to
effective specifying. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Australia.
Marks, G.C.; Rutishauser, I.H.E.; Webb, K. & Picton, P. (2001) Key food and
nutrition data for Australia 1990-1999. Australian Food and Nutrition
Monitoring Unit. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing.
MEA. (2007) “Melton Environmental Atlas” Agriculture Victoria Services.
Department of Primary Industries. Victoria.
Meier, K. & McEachern, K. 2007. Investigating food security within Melton
shire. Melbourne, Deakin University (unpublished).
Melbourne Water. (2008) Rainfall data. Accessed online 13/5/08
<http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/water/rainfall_data/rainfall_data.
asp>
NPSI. (2007) Fact Sheet: Ways to improve soil structure and improve the
productivity of irrigated agriculture. National Program for Sustainable
Irrigation. Land & Water Australia.
Parliamentary Library. (2007) A Guide to Community Grants. Parliament of
Australia. Accessed online 14/5/08
<http://www.aph.gov.au/library/intguide/sp/spgrants.htm>
Pelczar, R. (2002) SmartGarden- Improving Soil Drainage. The American
Gardener. American Horticultural Society. 81:3:12.
SAKG. (2008) Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Foundation
Accessed online 16/5/08
<http://www.kitchengardenfoundation.org.au/>
Shire of Melton. (2007) Melton shire council. Accessed online 15/05/08
<http://www.melton.vic.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=57&h=1&p=1>
SmartWater. (2008) The Smart Water Fund. Department of Sustainability &
Environment. Accessed online 16/5/08
<www.smartwater.com.au>
Stocker, L. & Barnett, K. (1998) The Significance and Praxis of Community-
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Sustainable Gardening Australia. 2005. Sustainable gardening in the shire of
Melton. Shire of Melton.
TankADay. (2008) BlueScope TankADay Challenge. Accessed online 19/5/08
<http://www.tankaday.com.au>
Twiss, J., Dickinson, J., Duma, S., Kleinman, T., Paulsen, H. & Rilveria, L.
(2003). Community gardens: Lessons learned from California healthy cities
and communities, American Journal of Public Health, 93:1435-1438.
VicHealth (2007) Fact Sheet: Food Security. VicHealth Melbourne
VicHealth. (2005) Healthy Eating- Food Security Investment Plan 2005-2010.
Victorian Health Promotion Foundation.
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<http://www.watercare.net/images/Rainwater_Factsheet.pdf>
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<http://www.westernwater.vic.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=p
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<http://www.yates.com.au/products/seeds/vegetables/>
Appendix 8.1
Fresh fruit and vegetable outlets, wholesalers and produce growers in the Shire of Melton and township of Sunbury and Bacchus Marsh, 2008.
Appendix 8.2 Grocery outlets and public transport services at Diggers Rest, 2008.
Appendix 8.3
Community Garden Survey
Information from this survey will remain anonymous and will only be
available to Djerriwarrh Health Service and Deakin University
Age: _______ Gender: M □ F □
No. of children: ______
1. Is it important to you to be able to purchase locally produced fruits and
vegetables?
Yes □ No □ I don’t mind □
2. Do you have a garden at home that you maintain? Yes □ No □
If yes, what do you grow? Vegetables □ Fruits □
Herbs □ Flower and
plants □
Other: ___________________
3. Please indicate your current level of knowledge/skill in gardening.
Excellent □ Good □ Poor □ None □
4a. How many pieces of fruit do you eat each day?
0 □ 1 □ 2 □ 3+ □
4b. How many serves of vegetables do you eat each day?
1 serve of vegetable = ½ cup cooked or 1 cup salad vegetables
0 □ 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5+ □
5a. Would you like to see a garden being built at DRPS (DRPS)
for schoolchildren to be actively involved in growing their own fruits and
vegetables?
Yes □ No □
5b. If volunteers are required, how often would you be interested in participating in
the
upkeep of the fruit and vegetable garden at DRPS?
More than once per week □ Weekly □
Monthly □ Never □
6. Which of the following could you see working at Diggers Rest?
One or more boxes can be ticked
Community garden outside of the school for community
□
and/or personal fruit and vegetable growing
Farmer’s market for local growers to sell their fruits and
□
vegetables
Swap market where Diggers Rest residents can swap or
□
sell fruit and vegetables grown in their own backyards
7. If fruit and vegetable growing workshops and training are offered at Diggers
Rest in
the future would you be interested in attending?
Yes □ No □
Please provide any additional comments:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Please provide your name and phone number if you are interested in knowing more
about potential community food projects and would like us to contact you
Name: ___________________________ Phone: _____________________
Or, feel free to contact the Melton Community Health Centre on 8746 1100 (Dietetics
Team)
Thank you for participating in this survey
May 26, 2008
To Parent/Guardian,
RE: Community Gardens
We are student dietitians from Deakin University undertaking a community
nutrition project in the Melton Shire. We are investigating strategies to
increase fruit and vegetable access within the Diggers Rest community. A
number of options are being explored and we would like to know what you
think.
Please complete the attached survey and ask your child to return it to their
school teacher by Monday 19th May. Anonymity will be maintained for all
survey results and recommendations, and all information collected will only be
provided to the Melton Shire Council and Deakin University.
If you have any questions, please contact the Dietetics Team at Melton
Community Health Centre on Ph. 8746 1100.
Sincerely,
Mary Shaw Carley Grimes Jessica Chow
Manager Allied Health Student Dietitian Student Dietitian
Djerriwarrh Health Services
May 26, 2008
To Diggers Rest resident,
RE: Community Gardens
We are student dietitians from Deakin University undertaking a community
nutrition project in the Melton Shire. We are investigating strategies to
increase fruit and vegetable access within the Diggers Rest community. A
number of options are being explored and we would like to know what you
think.
Please complete the attached survey and return it to Paula Camilleri at
Diggers Rest Family Services by Friday 16th May. Anonymity will be
maintained for all survey results and recommendations, and all information
collected will only be provided to the Melton Shire Council and Deakin
University. If you have any questions, please contact the Dietetics Team at
Melton Community Health Centre on Ph. 8746 1100.
Sincerely,
Mary Shaw Carley Grimes Jessica Chow
Manager Allied Health Student Dietitian Student Dietitian
Djerriwarrh Health Services
Appendix 8.4
Raw data from community garden survey
Age Gender No. Children
Q1. Local food
Q2a. Home garden Q2b. What is grown
Q3. Garden skill
Q4a. Fruit serves
Q4b. Vege serves
Q5a. Support garden at DRPS
Q5b. Commitment to maintain DRPS garden
Vege Fruit Herb Flower
N/A F 2 YES YES YES POOR 1 1 YES WEEKLY 28 F 2 YES YES YES GOOD 1 3 YES MONTHLY 41 F 3 YES YES YES YES YES GOOD 1 3 YES WEEKLY
N/A F 1 I DON'T MIND YES YES YES EXCELLENT 1 3 YES MONTHLY
28 F 3 YES YES YES GOOD 1 3 YES WEEKLY 41 F 2 YES NO GOOD 2 5+ YES MONTHLY 39 F 2 YES YES YES YES YES GOOD 3+ 2 YES MONTHLY 43 F 2 YES YES YES POOR 2 2 YES WEEKLY N/A N/A 2 YES YES YES GOOD 2 1 YES NEVER 34 F 4 YES YES YES YES YES GOOD 3+ 5+ YES WEEKLY
43 F 2 I DON'T MIND YES YES POOR 1 3 YES NEVER
Q6. Preferred options to increase fruit and veg access
Q7. Interest in garden workshops Comments Interest
Community garden
Farmer's Market
Swap Market
YES YES YES YES YES DIFFICULT TO ATTEND WORKSHOPS DUE TO CHILDCARE YES
YES YES GARDEN BUILT IN SCHOOL WOULD BENEFIT AND PROVIDE EDUCATION
YES NO DIFFICULT TO ATTEND WORKSHOPS DUE TO CHILDCARE YES YES
YES YES NO YES YES YES NO YES YES YES YES NO
Appendix 8.5
Site location at DRPS
Appendix 8.6
Rainfall data at Diggers Rest from 1 January 2005 – 31 December 2007
Period Rainfall (mm)
1 Jan 2005 - 31 Jan 2005 28.6 1 Feb 2005 - 28 Feb 2005 189.8 1 Mar 2005 - 31 Mar 2005 8.8 1 Apr 2005 - 30 Apr 2005 22 1 May 2005 - 31 May 2005 7 1 Jun 2005 - 30 Jun 2005 19.6 1 Jul 2005 - 31 Jul 2005 22.4 1 Aug 2005 - 31 Aug 2005 56 1 Sep 2005 - 30 Sep 2005 39.4 1 Oct 2005 - 31 Oct 2005 46.4 1 Nov 2005 - 30 Nov 2005 50.4 1 Dec 2005 - 31 Dec 2005 53.6 1 Jan 2006 - 31 Jan 2006 61.8 1 Feb 2006 - 28 Feb 2006 45.4 1 Mar 2006 - 31 Mar 2006 9 1 Apr 2006 - 30 Apr 2006 40.2 1 May 2006 - 31 May 2006 42.6 1 Jun 2006 - 30 Jun 2006 12.2 1 Jul 2006 - 31 Jul 2006 69.2 1 Aug 2006 - 31 Aug 2006 25.2 1 Sep 2006 - 30 Sep 2006 45.2 1 Oct 2006 - 31 Oct 2006 7.2 1 Nov 2006 - 30 Nov 2006 36.8 1 Dec 2006 - 31 Dec 2006 15.8 1 Feb 2007 - 28 Feb 2007 2 1 Mar 2007 - 31 Mar 2007 7.8 1 Apr 2007 - 30 Apr 2007 20 1 May 2007 - 31 May 2007 45.2 1 Jun 2007 - 30 Jun 2007 47.4 1 Jul 2007 - 31 Jul 2007 40.2 1 Aug 2007 - 31 Aug 2007 15 1 Sep 2007 - 30 Sep 2007 9.2 1 Oct 2007 - 31 Oct 2007 6.4 1 Nov 2007 - 30 Nov 2007 67 1 Dec 2007 - 31 Dec 2007 63.6
Appendix 8.7
List of gardens inspected
Name Garden Type Location
East Keilor Sustainablity
Street Inc
Community East Keilor
Kings Patch School Kings Park Primary
School, St Albans
Wedgepark School School Melton
Ceres Community Brunswick
Appendix 8.8
Suggested vegetable planting guide for DRPS
Spring Autumn
Lettuce
Broccoli
Carrot
Climbing beans, French beans
Peas
Radish
Silverbeet
Tomato
Zucchini
Lettuce
Broccoli
Broad beans
Carrot
Cauliflower
Peas
Radish
Silverbeet
Spinach
Points to consider when planting
Plants To Avoid
• Those that have high water needs e.g. eggplant, rockmelon and/or require
large amounts of space for growth e.g. Watermelon, pumpkin.
• Peri annuals due to the lengthy time before first harvest e.g. Asparagus,
artichoke.
Plants To Include
• Easy to grow plants e.g. Tomatoes, beans.
• Those with quick germination time to keep children interested e.g. Radish.
• Disease resistant plants e.g. Silverbeet.
• In initial stages of garden focus on those that can be planted directly from
seed eg. Carrot, beans, zucchini, peas, radish. Seeds are cheaper than
seedlings and will help to reduce costs.
Vegetable planting guide
When to plant How to Sow Vegetable Type
Rating Sp Su Au Wi Direct Seedling
Planting Method Tips
Artichoke
Easy X X X X √ X 2nd year harvest - perennial Grow well in sandy soil.
Asparagus
Difficult √ X X X √ X 2-3 years harvest – perennial Do not pick at first harvest – need to develop crown system.
Broccoli
Easy √ √ √ X X √
Cut stem on angle to produce new florets and avoid rain water collecting and rotting stem. Plants will produce continuously.
Beetroot
Easy √ √ √ X √ X
Soak seeds in water 24 hrs prior, thinning required as seedlings emerge from a seedball of several seeds.
Broad bean
Easy X X √ √ √ X
Pick the tops out once beans start setting to prevent backfly.
Cabbage Easy √ √ √ √ X √
Capsicum Difficult √ X X X X √
Frost tender, sow in pots.
Carrot Easy √ √ √ X √ X
Cover, firm down and moisten. Thin after 4 weeks. Sow successive crops at 4-5 weekly intervals.
Cauliflower Easy X √ √ X X √
Break a leaf over the head to prevent the curd becoming discoloured.
Celery Difficult √ √ X X X √
Keep well watered at all times.
Chilli Easy √ √ X X √ X
Sow in pots.
Climbing beans
Easy √ √ X X √ X
Keep well watered, pick often to encourage new flowersalongside a trellis or a tripod of garden stakes.
Cucumber Difficult √ √ X X √ X
Eggplant Difficult √ √ X X X √
Mulch well, needs plenty of water
French beans Easy √ √ X X √ X
Well watered, pick often to encourage new flowers.
Leeks Easy √ √ √ X √ √
Keep soil moist and loose, mulch helps.
Lettuce Easy √ √ √ √ X √ Cull snails/slugs by hand or use beer traps. Keep moist responds well to compost. Cut leafs as soon as lrg enough to eat cut at base 2cm from soil. Water early morning.
Onion Easy X X √ √ √ X Firm down and keep moist. Thin out to 10cm apart when about 12cm tall.
Parsnip Easy √ √ X √ √ X
Peas Easy √ X √ √ √ X Use older compost – low nitrogen content. Peas are nitrogen fixers good to grow near spuds that require high nitrogen.
Pumpkin Easy √ X X X √ X Is the ideal pumpkin to grow in limited spaces.
Radish Very easy
√ √ √ √ √ X Good for children as will sprout in couple of days.
Rockmelon Easy √ √ X X √ √ Frost tender, provide plenty of water.
Shallots Easy √ √ √ √ √ √ Keep well watered. Easy to grow in containers.
Silverbeet Easy √ √ √ X √ X Resistant to most plant diseases, grows well in moist soils – use manure/compost.
Spinach Easy √ √ √ X √ X
Squash Easy √ √ X X √ X
Pick frequently to encourage more fruit.
Sweet corn Difficult √ √ X X √ X
Sweet Corn is best grown in blocks of short rows, which ensures better pollination and yield.
Swedes Easy X √ √ X √ X
Grow where beans or peas have been the year before.
Tomato Easy √ √ X X X √
Frost tender (grown in shelter or undercover in in cooler climates).
Turnip Easy √ √ √ X √ X
Watermelon Easy √ √ X X X √
This high yielding, disease tolerant fruitRequires plenty of growing space.
Zucchini Easy √ √ X X √ X
(Gardenate, 2008 & Yates, 2008).
Appendix 8.9
Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Foundation Selection Criteria
Criterion 1 Demonstrate an understanding of the philosophy underpinning the Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program and how it will benefit their students and school community. Criterion 2 Allocate the required space to establish a productive vegetable garden and a room or building that can be converted to a home-style kitchen classroom. Criterion 3 Demonstrate a commitment by the Principal, staff, school council, school community and community partners to build/establish the required infrastructure to support a Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program. This will be evidenced by infrastructure plans, infrastructure building budget, projected timelines for building infrastructure and written sponsor commitment. Criterion 4 Demonstrate a commitment by the Principal, staff, school council, school community and community partners to introduce a Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program into the school curriculum. This will be evidenced by a proposed statement on how the program will be incorporated into the Annual Implementation Plan, proposed class timetable, program management budget, written commitment from ongoing community partners and volunteers’ recruitment plan. Criterion 5 Demonstrate prior successful implementation of integrated curriculum programs. Criterion 6 Demonstrate prior successful community engagement in order to support school initiatives. Criterion 7 Indicate a preparedness to take part in a formal evaluation of the Kitchen Garden Program in Australian primary schools. Criterion 8 Indicate a preparedness to collaborate with Kitchen Garden Program staff from other schools and representatives from the Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Foundation to contribute to the evolving Kitchen Garden Program curriculum. Criterion 9 Commit to enabling garden and kitchen specialist staff and other appropriate school staff members to attend training workshops as required.
Appendix 8.10
Soil Costing
Bunnings (Sunbury) Perferred Timber, Hardware and Garden Supplies
Sunbury Garden Supplies Emmo Garden Supplies
Soil 44/m3 (garden soil) 40/m3 (organic loam) 41/m3 (four way mix) – compost?
40/m3 (topsoil) 45/m3 (mixed organic soil with compost)
Compost N/A 50/m3 (mushroom) 50/m3 (mushroom) 45/m3 (highly organic) Mulch 12.24 (70L pine bark)
8.97 (lucerne mulch – covers 7m2) 11.25 (10kg pea straw – covers 10m2)
48/m3 (pine) 52/m3 (dyed)
49-60/m3 55/m3 (pine bark)
Sleepers 2.4m (200x50mm) 11.90 15.35 15 17 3.0m (200x75mm) 16.90 19.15 17 18 2.4m (200x75mm) 15.90 21.25 22.50 21 3.0m (200x75mm) 21.90 29.50 25.50 23 Delivery 38 10 11 35 Discount No discounts 10-15% discount No discounts Discount offered dependent
on quantity
Workings for start-up cost of garden
Garden bed area 3mx1mx0.2m = 0.6m3
Sleepers required for 3 garden beds:
3.0m (200x75mm) x 9 @ $16.90 = $152.10/ 3 beds
Soil required for 3 garden beds:
0.9m3 of loam @ $40/m3 = $36
0.9m3 of compost @ $50/m3 = $45
Pea straw required:
1 10kg bag @ 11.25
Total cost of soil/sleepers/mulch for 3 garden beds = $245
Cost per bed = $81.45
Workings for ongoing costs of garden
Compost 0.5 @ $50/m3 = $25
extra may need to be purchased as the school may not be able to make enough for use or other organic matter may be needed ie manure)
Mulch/ peas straw 1 bag @ $11.25 = $11.25
(should be applied to the garden approximately twice per year)
Seeds and seedlings = $50 (estimate)
Total ongoing cost per year = $106.25
Appendix 8.11
Pricing of basic garden tools and equipment available at Bunnings
(Sunbury)
Item Price ($)
Garden Tools
Wheel burrow 49.95, 91.40, 99.20, 114
Garden fork 7.98, 9.98
Garden spade 9.98, 33.36
3 piece small garden set 3.98
Individual small forks/spades 0.94
Snips 1.98
Garden gloves 1.96
Weeding tool 6.48
Rake 2.90
Children’s rake 3.80
Children’s spade 30.20, 41.09
Watering Equipment
Watering can 5.98
500ml spray bottle 1.00
15m garden hose 6.87
Water weeper hose 15m 19.98
Seeds 1.98-4.33
Seedlings per punnet 2.96
Seedling mix 10L 7.40
Compost bin
150L 33.90
225L 72.00
400L 75.00
