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www.iicd.org Does it all make sense (also in conservative times)? London 16 December, 2010 Dr. Stijn van der Krogt Director Country Programs [email protected]
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www.iicd.org
Does it all make sense (also in conservative times)?
London
16 December, 2010
Dr. Stijn van der Krogt
Director Country Programs
www.iicd.org
Can ICT end Poverty?
Kentaro Toyama: “Well, no. Technology is only a magnifier of
human intent and capacity.”
Technology widens the gap through three mechanisms:
1. Differential access - technology is consistently more accessible to the rich and the powerful.
2. Differential capacity - with limited capacity, technology’s value is minimal.
3. Differential motivation - what do people want to do with the technology they have access to?
“… disseminating technology is easy; nurturing human capacity and human institutions that put it to good use is the crux.”
www.iicd.org
IICD programs 1998-2010
Where?
• 8 countries
• 68 programs
• 40% independent
What?
• Local information
• Internet, radio/tv, mobile
• Competency development
Who?
• 300 info access points
• 600,000 small scale farmers and traders, 40% women
• 4,000,000 beneficiaries – small scale farmers and traders
www.iicd.org
IICD programs 2011-2015
www.iicd.org
Challenges livelihoods
Key challenges livelihoods• Low profitability small farmers• Lacking market access• Low productivity and lacking knowledge production
methods• Need to certification of ecological/equitable products • Problems with land use
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
www.iicd.org
How do we work? Social Innovation
1. Local Ownership (OW)
2. Competency Development in ICT (CD)
3. Institutional Integration of ICT at organisation
and sector levels (II)
Facilitation of participatory identification & formulation
4. Joint learning, monitoring & evaluation of outputs, outcomes, impact & processes
Support in knowledge sharing, lobby & policy formulation
Advice on change management & alignment
Coaching & training in social, technical & financial knowledge, skills and attitudes
Ad
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www.iicd.org
Outcome & Impact: Why to measure?
• Focus on Input and Output• Demand verifiable evidence development programs • Political emphasis on aid effectiveness• Lacking data and capacity in
“less-than-ideal conditions” N. Keita, FAO
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
Impact Indicators(Ultimate goal)
Outcome Indicators(behavioral change)
Output Indicators(Goods and Services)
Input Indicators (Material, financial, human)
www.iicd.org
What to measure?
• Impact compared over time• Impact compared places• Impact compared with other or no interventions
• Project level: Service delivery• National level: Development Objectives, PRS• International level: MDGs
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
www.iicd.org
How to measure?
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
Comparison of key features of different surveys
1 2 3 4 5 Best used for:
Sample size Duration Visits to household Question-naire size Cost ($m) Time series Sub- nat'l Counter- factual
Population census Full coverage 3-6 months 1 4-8 15-25
Agricultural census 20 000-50 000 1-1.5 years 2-4 5-12 5-10
LSMS/integrated survey 5 000-10 000 1-1.5 years 2 40+ 1-2
Household budget survey 4 000-10 000 1-1.5 years 15-25 15-20 1-2
Community survey 100-500 4-6 months 1 4-6 0.2-0.4
Service delivery survey (CWIQ) 10 000-15 000 2-3 months 1 8 0.2-0.4
Focus group interviews 40-50 2-3 months 1-3 - 0.05-0.1
Windscreen survey 10-20 2-3 weeks 0 0.01
=not suitable =adequate =good
www.iicd.org
What do we measure?
• Satisfaction and usage services• Awareness• Empowerment• Economic development
– Production– Productivity– Markets– Prices – Revenues
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
www.iicd.org
How do we measure?
On-line questionnaires • Representative sample of users • 35,000 questionnaires in 2003-2010• Automatic report generation
Focus group meetings• Project partners & end users• Qualitative feedback • Discussion possible solutions
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
www.iicd.org
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
www.iicd.org
Connectivity solutions, Ghana
Economic impact
Through this project I now know more places where I can sell my produce Label Valid percentage Agree 51.4% Strongly agree 29.9%
Through this project, I now have more customers Label Valid percentage Agree 53.8% Strongly agree 36.8%
Through this project I receive information about prices of my products in the local market Label Valid percentage Agree 39.6% Strongly agree 55.7%
Through this project, I now receive better prices for my products Label Valid percentage Agree 39.6% Strongly agree 53.8%
Through this project my standard of living has improved Label Valid percentage Agree 30.8% Strongly agree 63.6%
Through this project, I now earn more money Label Valid percentage Agree 41.5% Strongly agree 55.7%
Through this project I use more efficient (production) methods Label Valid percentage Agree 41.0% Strongly agree 54.3%
www.iicd.org
Connectivity solutions, Ghana
Perceived outcomes Livelihoods 30 projects - 10 countries
2005-2009
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Satisfaction Awareness Empowerment Economic impact
20052006200720082009
www.iicd.org
What do we want to measure?
Measure change in production and revenues
SongTaaba Women, Burkina Faso
I ndicators 2008 2009 2010Number of producers in area 535,093 % direct beneficiaries of the program 10% 15% 20%No. Beneficiaries of program 53,509 80,264 107,019 % beneficiaries with impact 30% 40% 50%No. Productores with impact 16,053 32,106 53,509 Average income per producer $920 $920 $920Increase in revenues due to higher productivity 0% 1% 2%Increase in revenues due to increase in sales prices 5% 6% 9%Increase in revenues due to higher sales volume 2% 3% 4%Total increase in revenues in % per year 7% 10% 15%Total increase in revenues per producer per year 64 92 138
Increased revenues of producers in $us 1,033,800 2,953,713 7,384,283
Investment and operational costs in us$ 350,000 350,000 350,000
Net economic benefits 683,800 2,603,713 7,034,283
www.iicd.org
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Production Chiffre d'affaires Revenu aux membres
200720082009
Tonne de beurre de karité
Million f.cfa
Million f.cfa
Emplois aux membres
32 (30 F et 2 H)
42 (38 F et 4 H)
55 (50 F et 5 H)
Example Coprokazan, Burkina Faso
Nombre de membres
259 (4 H)
369 (4 H)
616 (8 H)
www.iicd.org
What did we learn?
Connectivity solutions, Ghana
Satisfaction depends on
• Access and price connectivity
• Relevant content
• Capacity development
Increased awareness and empowerment
• Is a precondition for impact
• ICT enables fast score
Economic impact
• Takes time (3-4 years)
• Requires combined ICT
• Case studies indicate higher than expected impact
www.iicd.org
What did we learn?
Connectivity solutions, Ghana
Measuring requires combined methodologies
• Simple surveys
• Focus group meetings
• End users provide relevant insights
Missing methodology to compare with other interventions
• Control groups?
• With – Without?
• What are relevant other interventions?
• Community focus groups?
• Community surveys?
• Household surveys?
