ASSESSMENT OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES AT THE LATIN-AMERICAN
ANTARES TIME-SERIES NETWORK
Kampel, Milton*; ANTARES Group
*Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
XVI COLACMAR, Santa Marta, Outubro 2015
Outline
Introduction
Participants
Concepts, Questions
Objectives
Approach
Work Completed
Work Plan
Final Considerations
Participants
PI: Milton Kampel, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Brazil,
Co-PIs:
Argentina
Vivian Lutz, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina,
Martina G. Chidiak, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
(ECON-UBA), Argentina, [email protected]
Rubén Mario Negri, INIDEP, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Facultad de
Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Argentina, [email protected]
Brazil
Alexander Turra, Instituto Oceanográfico - Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil,
Paulo Sinisgalli, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades
(EACH-USP), Brazil, [email protected]
Pedro Roberto Jacobi, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Educação (FE-USP),
Participants
Co-PIs:
Chile
Rubén Escribano, Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur-Oriental
(COPAS), Departamento de Oceanografía de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile,
Mexico
Eduardo Santamaría-del Ángel (Antares Coordinator), Facultad de Ciencias Marinas,
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (FCM-UABC), Mexico,
Roberto Millán-Núñez, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja
California (FCM-UABC), Mexico, [email protected]
Peru
Jesus Ledesma, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Peru, [email protected]
Luis Escudero Herrera, Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Peru,
USA
Robert Frouin, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San
Diego (SIO-UCSD), USA, [email protected]
Participants
Co-PIs:
Venezuela
Yrene M. Astor, Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Estación de
Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita (EDIMAR-FLASA), Venezuela,
Colombia and Ecuador - Collaborators
ANTARES (http://antares.ws)
Objective to monitor and detect long-term
changes on coastal waters around Latin America,
with the main approach of developing time-series
of in situ oceanographic measurements integrated
with remote sensing data and products.
Concepts
The appearance of PHYTOPLANKTON in the ocean,
about 3 billion years ago releasing oxygen into the
atmosphere, facilitated the evolution of life on the
planet
Phytoplankton supports more than 95% of resident
food webs and contributes with 50% of the global net
primary production
Phytoplankton has direct influences on the present and
future of human society through:
a) Food resources
b) Climate regulation
Phytoplankton can be considered sentinels of global
warming
Questions?
Why is the ocean and its production relevant for human
society?
How can we improve our knowledge about it?
How can we make this information available to policy
makers who take decisions on environmental
management?
Why pay attention to the Ocean?
If rain forests on land are considered a lung of the planet,
phytoplankton in the ocean are the other lung.
Carla Berghoff
Opportunity: IAI – Integrated Research on
Ecosystem Services
Only an integrated characterization of ecosystem
function, which includes knowledge about its services
based on natural sciences and knowledge of the
social and economic processes of recipients of such
services, permits the identification of risk to
sustainability and resilience of ecosystems and
societies. This is needed as a basis for informed
decision-making
Ecosystem services
Fundamental life-support processes
We are familiar with the economic value of fisheries for
example, but there are many other ecosystem services
which do not have a value in the market, but are
essential for human survival and their values are not
known to society
The services provided by phytoplankton could be
categorized as:
Regulating Services
Supporting Services
To assess changes in the function of ecosystems and hence in
their values, measurements are required
Natural and economical variables should be measured in time-
series
Objectives
Evaluate the main temporal trend in changes in
phytoplankton biomass and composition.
Identify and assess ecosystem services associated with
phytoplankton and the influence of natural and man-
made drivers.
Characterize the linkages between trends in
phytoplankton ecosystem services via economic
activities such as fisheries, and key services as carbon
uptake and nutrient cycling.
Generate integrated Socioeconomic and Natural
Science assessment methods to better understand and
communicate the dynamics of ecosystem services and
their policy implications.
Approach
Integrate data on phytoplankton and oceanographic
variables regulating their growth collected at 8 time-
series stations around Latin America.
Complement these studies by modeling tasks aimed at
understanding the functioning of the different local
systems.
Main contribution: Explore the relationships between
the natural and socioeconomic systems, the channels
through which phytoplankton ecosystem services are
related and contribute to the socioeconomic system
and how global change is affecting them.
Tasks
Ecosystem Services
& Indicators
Modeling
Remote
Sensing
In situ
Socio-
Economic
Component
Decision
making
Science
Integrate – stakeholders, scientists and managers
Build
capacity
Inform
decision
makers
Create a
collaborative
process
Ecosystem
functions
& services
Indicators
Gaps in the
knowledge
Action Plan
Work Completed/Results- In situ
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Years Astor, Y.
1 °C increase in 19 years that represents
an increase of 0.05 ± 0.02 °C (R2 = 0.06, p
< 0.01).
Results/Work Completed - Satellite
Results/Work Completed - Satellite
Sea Surface Temperature – Atlantic – 2002-2015
Chlorophyll-a Concentration– Pacific – 2002-2015
Results/Work Completed - Modelling
ROMS/NPZD Model 2009-2011.
Figure 2: Yearly averaged NEMO ORCA2/PISCES chlorophyll concentration during 1968-2007. (Left) Nanophytoplankton; (Middle) Diatoms; (Right) Total.
Nano [Chl] Diat om [Chl] Nano + Diatom [Chl]
Yearly averaged NEMO ORCA2/PISCES chlorophyll concentration during 1968-2007.
Results/Work Completed - Modelling
Yearly averaged NEMO ORCA2/PISCES primary production, new production , pCO2 during 1968-2007. .
Figure 3: Yearly averaged NEMO ORCA2/PISCES primary production (left), new production (middle) and DpCO2 during 1968-2007.
Primary product ion (0- 200m) New product ion (0- 200m) DpCO2
Socio-Economic & Ecosystem Services
Socio-Economic & Ecosystem Services
Methodology development and case study of local
governance and ecosystem services management in
Ubatuba, Brazil.
Focus is the relationship between Key stakeholders (DPSIR),
Ecosystem Services (MEA, 2005; De Groot et al, 2002; Costanza
et al., 1997) and Local governance (Multi-scale Integrated
Modeling Ecosystem Service - MIMES).
Applied economic studies to analyze the socioeconomic
relevance of one economic sector deeply rooted on
phytoplankton ecosystem services (fisheries).
Studies on structures of (formal and informal)
governance in relation with international treaties and
regional co-operation instruments related to oceans,
ecosystem services and climate change.
Road
Map
Other relevant aspects
Capacity building
Publications
Regional Collaboration/Networking
Data policy
Policy Relevance
Final considerations
Database of in siti observations.
Internet webportal for remote sensing data
visualization.
Modelling exercises.
Progress in the working group of “Socio-Economic &
Ecosystem Services” - crucial to achieve the proposed
objectives.
The development of different approaches for the
analysis of Ecosystem Services, Governance,
Socioeconomic Impacts and Stakeholder Perception as
well as the consideration of appropriate,
complementary models to understand the relationship
between Ecosystem Services and wellbeing is the main
result at this stage.
Acknowledgments
INPE, USP, UBA, INIDEP, IAFE, CONICET, UdeC, UABC,
FACIMAR, IMARPE, SIO, EDIMAR-FLASA,
CONABIO, CIOH, INOCAR and Shubha Sathyendranath
