ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY AT DODOWA IN THE DANGBE WEST DISTRICT OF THE GREATER-ACCRA REGION.

WILLIAM EKOW ARKO

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

• Introduction• Problem Statement• Objectives of the study• Study Area• Materials & Method• Results & Discussions• Conclusion• Recommendation

INTRODUCTION

• Approximately, 51% of the population have access to improved water supplies in Ghana.

• 60% of the total urban population is covered by GWCL’s network.

• In Accra, for example, 25% of the residents enjoy a regular 24hr water supply everyday.

INTRODUCTION CON’T

• 30% have an average of 12hr twice everyday for 5 days a week.

• Another 35% have twice for 2 days each week while the remaining 10% in the outskirts of Accra are completely without access to piped water supplies.

• This 10% either depend on independent water supplies [hand-dug well (HDW), borehole (BH) or water vendors (water tankers)

PROBLEM STATEMENT

• Dodowa has irregular access to pipe-borne water, therefore the community resorts to other means of getting potable water.

• Water sources available to the people include boreholes and hand dug wells.

• Many people in Dodowa store water in plastic containers and concrete tanks.

• They also patronize the services of water tankers.

OBJECTIVES

• Identify the drinking water sources in the Dodowa community.

• Assess the quality of the different water sources in the Dodowa community.

STUDY AREA

KVIPKVIP

HDW 4

RESULTSPHYSICAL PARAMETERS

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1

HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Ground water

pH

SWF 1

SW F 2

SW F 3

SW F 4

SW F 5

SW F 6

SW F 7

SW F 8

SW F 9

SW F 10

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Stored Water

pH

MTS 1 MTS 2 MTS 3 MTS 4 MTS 5 MTS 6 MTS 7 MTS 8 MTS 9 MTS 10

5.86

6.26.46.66.8

77.27.47.6

pH (p

H U

nits

)

Mobile Tanker water

PHYSICAL PARAMETERS CON’T

HDW 1 HDW 2 HDW 3 HDW 4 HDW 5 B/H 1 HDW 7 HDW 8 HDW 9 B/H 20

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ground Water

Turb

idit

y (N

TU)

SWF 1

SW F 2

SW F 3

SW F 4

SW F 5

SW F 6

SW F 7

SW F 8

SW F 9

SW F 10

0123456789

10

Stored Water

Turb

idit

y (N

TU)

MTS 1 MTS 2 MTS 3 MTS 4 MTS 5 MTS 6 MTS 7 MTS 8 MTS 9 MTS 10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Turb

idit

y (N

TU)

Mobile Tanker Water

PHYSICAL PARAMETERS CON’T

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1

HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Ground Water Resources

Cond

uctiv

ity

SWF 1

SW F 2

SW F 3

SW F 4

SW F 5

SW F 6

SW F 7

SW F 8

SW F 9

SW F 10

050

100150200250300350400450

Stored Water

Cond

uctiv

ity

MTS 1 MTS 2 MTS 3 MTS 4 MTS 5 MTS 6 MTS 7 MTS 8 MTS 9 MTS 10

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Cond

uctiv

ity (µ

S/cm

)

Mobile Tanker Water

RESULTSMAJOR CATIONS

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1

HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

CaMgNaK

Maj

or c

ation

s (m

g/l)

SWF 1

SW F 2

SW F 3

SW F 4

SW F 5

SW F 6

SW F 7

SW F 8

SW F 9

SW F 10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CaMgNaK

Maj

or c

ation

s (m

g/l)

MTS 1

MTS 2

MTS 3

MTS 4

MTS 5

MTS 6

MTS 7

MTS 8

MTS 9

MTS 10

0102030405060708090

100

CaMgNaK

Maj

or c

ation

s (m

g/l)

Ground water resources Stored water

Mobile Tanker

RESULTSMAJOR ANIONS

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1

HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

HCO3- SO42- Cl-

SWF 1

SW F 2

SW F 3

SW F 4

SW F 5

SW F 6

SW F 7

SW F 8

SW F 9

SW F

10

01020304050607080

HCO3- SO42- Cl-

Maj

or a

nion

s (m

g/l)

MTS 1

MTS 2

MTS 3

MTS 4

MTS 5

MTS 6

MTS 7

MTS 8

MTS 9

MTS 10

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

HCO3- SO42- Cl-

Ground water Surface Water

Tanker Water

Maj

or a

nion

s (m

g/l)

Maj

or a

nion

s (m

g/l)

RESULTSNUTRIENTS

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1 HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 20

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

NO2.meanNO3.meanPO4.mean

Ground water

SWF 1

SWF 2

SWF 3

SWF 4

SWF 5

SWF 6

SWF 7

SWF 8

SWF 9

SWF 1

00

0.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.6

NO2NO3PO4

Nut

rien

ts (m

g/l)

MTS 1

MTS 2

MTS 3

MTS 4

MTS 5

MTS 6

MTS 7

MTS 8

MTS 9

MTS 10

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

NO2NO3PO4

Nut

rien

ts (m

g/l)

Nut

rient

s (m

g/l)

Stored Water

Tanker Water

RESULTSMETALS

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1

HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 2

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

Fe.meanMn.mean

Ground water resources

SWF 1

SW F 2

SW F 3

SW F 4

SW F 5

SW F 6

SW F 7

SW F 8

SW F 9

SW F 10

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Fe.meanMn.mean

Stored Water

MTS 1

MTS 2

MTS 3

MTS 4

MTS 5

MTS 6

MTS 7

MTS 8

MTS 9

MTS 10

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Mean FeMean Mn

Met

als

(mg/

l)

Met

als

(mg/

l)

Met

als

(mg/

l)

Mobile Tanker

RESULTSMICROBIOLOGY

HDW 1

HDW 2

HDW 3

HDW 4

HDW 5

B/H 1

HDW 7

HDW 8

HDW 9

B/H 2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

FC.meanTC.meanE.C.meanTHB.mean

Ground water resourcesSW

F 1SW

F 2SW

F 3SW

F 4SW

F 5SW

F 6SW

F 7SW

F 8SW

F 9

SWF 1

00

40

80

120

160

200

Mean TCMean THB

MTS 1

MTS 2

MTS 3

MTS 4

MTS 5

MTS 6

MTS 7

MTS 8

MTS 9

MTS 10

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Mean FCMean TCMean E. ColiMean THB(c

fu/

1ml)

(cfu

/ 10

0ml)

(cfu

/ 10

0ml)

Stored Water

Mobile Tanker

DISCUSSIONSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARAMETERS OVER SAMPLING SITES.

TOTAL HARDNESS CHLORIDE

DISCUSSIONSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARAMETERS OVER SAMPLING SITES.

SODIUM IRON

DISCUSSIONSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARAMETERS OVER SAMPLING SITES.

FCTHB

CONCLUSION

• With the groundwater sources (hand dug wells and boreholes), Iron, Manganese, Chloride, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, TC, FC, E-coli & THB were higher than the Ghana Standards/WHO guideline values and therefore not suitable for potable use.

• The stored water had physico-chemical constituents within Ghana Standards/WHO guideline values. However, some had microbial loads higher than the Ghana Standard/WHO guideline values & should be treated before use.

CONCLUSION CON’T

• The tanker water had physico-chemical parameters like Turbidity, sodium, iron, manganese & microbiological parameters exceeding the Ghana Standards/WHO guideline value. The water is therefore not suitable for potable use without treatment.

• Comparing the different water sources, it is evident that the stored water is better in terms of quality than the tanker water and well water in that order.

RECOMMENDATION

• The government of Ghana and other stakeholders should provide the inhabitants of Dodowa which is the capital of the Dangbe West District Assembly with safe drinking water by making sure the Oyibi Area water supply scheme works regularly.

• Establishment of more water supply schemes as part of its commitment to fulfill the Millennium Development Goal of providing about 90% of Ghanaians with pipe borne water by 2015.

• The Dangbe West District Assembly should make sure residents do not sink wells near or closer to places of convenience so as not to cause contamination of wells with faecal matter as they may be leached into the wells.

RECOMMENDATION CON’T

• There should be environmental education by the Dangbe West District Assembly and must be structured in such a way that it cuts across all spheres of society thus catering for the educated and the non-educated.

• Residents should be encouraged to go for rain harvesting as another source of water for potable and domestic use.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME